scholarly journals Technology and machine parameters for preparing the soil for sowing cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04046
Author(s):  
Sanjar Toshtemirov ◽  
Serobjon Mustafayev ◽  
Alham Xo'jayev ◽  
Isomiddin Mamatkulov ◽  
Farrukh Boboev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Longitudinal Plane ◽  
Design Scheme ◽  
Minimum Power Consumption ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Soil Preparation

The study aims to justify the design scheme and main parameters of the combined aggregate for soil preparation for cotton sowing on ridges. The authors have developed the technology of soil preparation for cotton sowing on ridges and the aggregate for its implementation. The technology and design scheme of the developed aggregate are presented. The unit consists of a mouldboard deep loosener with a sloping rack and a ridge maker. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The optimum constructive scheme of combined aggregate is grounded. It was established that to provide formation of new ridges instead of existing ones on fields without stems of cotton with the required degree with minimum power consumption working surfaces of inclined deep looseners equipped with mouldboards and rippers should be turned to each other and shifted relative to each other in a longitudinal plane. The formation of ridges to the required degree with minimal energy input is ensured at a width and length of the subsoiler's chisel, respectively 5 and 20 cm, the width of the wing width 21 cm, wing length between 47 and 49 cm, minimum longitudinal spacing between subsoilers 35 cm.

scholarly journals Study on working bodies of the soil preparation machine for sowing potatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
B Mirzaev ◽  
F Mamatov ◽  
U Kodirov ◽  
X Shirinboyev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Knife Blade ◽  
Longitudinal Distance ◽  
Crest Height

Abstract The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the guide knife and the loosening pointed leg of the machine. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical studies were carried out to determine the parameters of the guide knife and the loosening pointed leg of the machine. It is established that to ensure the required value of the crest height with minimal energy consumption, the height and length of the guide knife should be 8 and 15 cm, respectively, the angle of the knife blade to the horizon - 30º, the longitudinal distance from the toe of the ploughshare body of the knife toe – 13 cm. To ensure the required crumbling of the soil, the width of the pointed loosening paw should be 15 cm.

scholarly journals Combination machine for soil preparation and sowing of gourds

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04035
Author(s):  
Dustmurod Chuyanov ◽  
Golib Shodmonov ◽  
Gayrat Ergashov ◽  
Islom Choriyev
Keyword(s):  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Axis Of Symmetry ◽  
Minimum Expenditure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Longitudinal Distance

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the method and design scheme of a combined machine for preparing the soil and sowing melons. The authors propose a new method of soil preparation and sowing, as well as a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The method of preparing the soil and planting gourds provides a combination of the following technological processes: the turnover of the layers of the upper layer of soil, the sowing area to the left and to the right, shallow tilling the soil of the field with the left and right sides of the sowing area, deep tillage seeding areas with simultaneous formation of irrigation furrows and the local application of fertilizers, soil preparation for sowing in line sowing and sowing seeds of melons. The machine consists of lister housings installed along the axis of symmetry of the unit, flat cutters, parallel-type deep-diggers, furrowers, coulters for fertilizing, and a sowing device. It was found that preparation of soil for sowing and planting of melons with a minimum expenditure of energy is provided by the width of Lusternik buildings 86 cm, the width of tillers and cultivators, respectively, 45 and 33 cm, the longitudinal distance between the body and the plane of 35 cm between the cultivators of 42.3 cm, and longitudinal spacing of the chisel cultivator and sowing device 110 cm.

scholarly journals Combination machine for soil cultivation and sowing grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04049
Author(s):  
Xo'jaxmat Maxamov ◽  
Rustam Tovashov ◽  
Bekzod Tovashov ◽  
Farruh Jabborov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Sloping Lands ◽  
Transverse Distance ◽  
Design Diagram ◽  
Working Bodies

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the design scheme and parameters of the working bodies of a combined machine for tillage and sowing grain on sloping lands. The authors have developed a machine that performs technological operations for tillage, grain sowing, and ridge formation to prevent water erosion. The design diagram is given. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical and experimental studies have established that using a chisel-shaped ripper with loosening knives as a loosening working body provides high-quality loosening of the soil. When the longitudinal and transverse distances between the rippers are 62.5 and 15 cm, respectively, the longitudinal distance between the rear ripper and the housing is 60 cm, and the transverse distance between the buildings is 90 cm, high-quality soil loosening, and grain sowing are achieved with minimal energy consumption.

scholarly journals Study on machine for processing and preparing the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges

2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Bakhadir Мirzaev ◽  
Farmon Маmatov ◽  
Uchkun Kodirov ◽  
Dustmurod Chuyanov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Sowing Period

The technologies used to prepare the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges, consisting of numerous soil preparation operations, lead to loss of moisture, prolonging the sowing period and increasing operating costs. The aim of the research is to develop a machine for processing and preparing the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges. The authors have developed a technology for preparing fields for sowing potatoes on ridges and a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. On the basis of multifactorial experiments, the following parameters are justified: the angle of inclination of the ploughshare blade in the range of 6-70, the height and length of the guiding knife in the range of 94-110 mm and 107.2-136 mm, respectively. The main parameters of the working bodies of the machine and its technical characteristics are given. The results of the tests have established that the proposed machine for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges reliably performs the specified technological process and its performance indicators fully meet the requirements. The use of the machine provides a reduction in operating costs for processing 1 hectare of area in comparison with the technical means used by 33.8 %.

scholarly journals The Genetic Basis of the Interspecific Differences in Wing Size in Nasonia (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae): Major Quantitative Trait Loci and Epistasis

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-684
Author(s):  
J Gadau ◽  
R E Page ◽  
J H Werren
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Wing Width

Abstract There is a 2.5-fold difference in male wing size between two haplodiploid insect species, Nasonia vitripennis and N. giraulti. The haploidy of males facilitated a full genomic screen for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting wing size and the detection of epistatic interactions. A QTL analysis of the interspecific wing-size difference revealed QTL with major effects and epistatic interactions among loci affecting the trait. We analyzed 178 hybrid males and initially found two major QTL for wing length, one for wing width, three for a normalized wing-size variable, and five for wing seta density. One QTL for wing width explains 38.1% of the phenotypic variance, and the same QTL explains 22% of the phenotypic variance in normalized wing size. This corresponds to a region previously introgressed from N. giraulti into N. vitripennis that accounts for 44% of the normalized wing-size difference between the species. Significant epistatic interactions were also found that affect wing size and density of setae on the wing. Screening for pairwise epistatic interactions between loci on different linkage groups revealed four additional loci for wing length and four loci for normalized wing size that were not detected in the original QTL analysis. We propose that the evolution of smaller wings in N. vitripennis males is primarily the result of major mutations at few genomic regions and involves epistatic interactions among some loci.

scholarly journals Study on mechanisms of tillage for melon cultivation under the film

2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Khayriddin Fayzullaev ◽  
Farmon Mamatov ◽  
Bakhadir Мirzaev ◽  
Dilmurod Irgashev ◽  
Sodik Mustapakulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Machine Operation ◽  
Technical Procedure ◽  
Design Diagram ◽  
Working Bodies

The aim of the study is to develop a machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons under a tunnel film. The authors have developed a machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons under a tunnel film, which is equipped with deep-diggers with an inclined stand of the “paraplau” type, a furrow maker and rotary working bodies. A design diagram and a fragment of the machine operation have beak given. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. Tests have established that the developed machine reliably performs the specified technological process and its performance indicators fully meet the requirements. When using the developed machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons under the film, the direct cost of processing one hectare of area is reduced by 33.4%. The study’s goal is to create a machine that prepares soil for seeding melons under a tunnel film. The authors have created a machine that includes deep-diggers with a “paraplau” style inclined platform, a furrow maker, and rotating working bodies for preparing the soil for planting melons beneath a tunnel film. A design schematic as well as a portion of the machine functioning has been provided. In this work, the fundamental concepts and methodologies of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were employed. The created machine reliably executes the required technical procedure, and its performance indicators completely fulfill the criteria, according to tests. The direct cost of processing one hectare of land is lowered by 33.4 percent when utilizing the developed machine to prepare the soil for growing melons beneath the film.

scholarly journals The Effects of Co-Enzyme Q10 and Caffeine on Morphometric Characteristics of Queen Honey Bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Samet Okuyan ◽  
Paul Cross
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Colony Performance ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Honey Bee Queen ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Honey bee queen quality is a critical factor of colony performance. Indications of such qualities can manifest themselves through morphological traits such as wet weight and thorax width. Improving such characteristics is driven in part by nutritional provision in queen-cell-builder hives. We investigated the potential to improve queen quality by adding coenzyme Q10 (endogenous antioxidant) and caffeine (central nervous system stimulator) to feeder syrup in queen-cell-builder colonies for 15 and 20 days prior to grafting, two sets of queens were reared. We recorded subsequent wet weight, body length, head width and length, thorax and wing width and length, and spermathecae diameter. The queen-cell acceptance rate was not affected by either treatment or graft period. Coenzyme Q10 increased wet weight, body and wing length in the first graft, and thorax width, wing length and spermathecae diameter in the second graft. The caffeine treatment increased head and thorax length in first graft and thorax width in the second. A mix of the two substances (coenzyme Q10 and caffeine) increased head width in the first graft and spermathecae diameter in the second graft. This study suggests that the application of coenzyme Q10 to cell-builder colonies at least 15 days prior to grafting can increase reared wet weight (the most significant quality indicator) and thorax width of queen bees.

scholarly journals A Method for the Segregation of Emulsion Inner Phase Droplets Using Imbibition Process in Porous Material

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Mariola M. Błaszczyk ◽  
Łukasz Przybysz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Small Droplet ◽  
Dispersive Systems ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Energy Consuming

The process of forming an emulsion is an energy-consuming process. The smaller the internal phase droplets we want to produce and the closer the droplets are in size to each other (monodisperse), the more energy we need to put into the system. Generating energy carries a high economic cost, as well as a high environmental footprint. Considering the fact that dispersive systems are widely used in various fields of life, it is necessary to search for other, less-energy-intensive methods that will allow the creation of dispersive systems with adequate performance and minimal energy input. Therefore, an alternative way to obtain emulsions characterized by small droplet sizes was proposed by using an imbibition process in porous materials. By applying this technique, it was possible to obtain average droplet sizes at least half the size of the base emulsion while reducing the polydispersity by about 40%. Oil-in-water emulsions in which vegetable oil or kerosene is the oily phase were tested. The studies were carried out at three different volume concentrations of the emulsions. Detailed analyses of diameter distributions and emulsion concentrations are presented. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the method are presented and the potential for its application is indicated.

scholarly journals Raking plates of the combination machine's subsoiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04039
Author(s):  
Khayriddin Fayzullayev ◽  
Dilmurod Irgashev ◽  
Sodiq Mustapakulov ◽  
Mokhichekhra Begimkulova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption

The purpose of the research is to justify the type of subsoiling plates of the machine for preparing the soil for sowing melon crops. The machine designed by the authors for the preparation of the soil for sowing melon crops under the tunnel film is equipped with deep loosening subsoilers of “paraplough” type with loosening plates. The scheme of subsoiler arrangement on the frame of the machine is shown. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The scheme of subsoiler arrangement on the frame depending on their parameters has been theoretically justified. Experimental studies have established that using a subsoiler in the form of a rod and plate with a length of 12 cm and a height of 20 cm provides the required crumbling of the soil at minimum energy consumption.

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