scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Exotic and Local Landraces of Tomatoes for the Mid-Hill Conditions of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1426-1435
Author(s):  
Tek Prasad Gotame ◽  
Ishwori Prasad Gautam ◽  
Dipendra Ghimire ◽  
Surendra Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Horticultural Traits

The productivity of tomato in Nepal is very low due to lack of high yielding, disease and pests resistant varieties. An experiment was carried out to evaluate horticultural traits of 50 genotypes obtained from World Vegetable Centre (WorldVeg), Taiwan and SAARC region, and local collections during March to August 2020 in open field conditions at National Horticulture Research Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. The objectives were to identify promising open-pollinated tomato cultivars for high yield, appropriate fruit size, and disease resistant. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed significant differences in yield and yield attributing characters including virus infection. The highest yield (39.6 mt ha-1) was produced by HRA43 and it was followed by HRA33 (26.4 mt ha-1). Among the WorldVeg OP lines, AVTO1429 produced the highest yield (16.21 mt ha-1) and it was followed by AVTO1717 (12.95 mt ha-1), AVTO0922 (11.83 mt ha-1) and AVTO1219 (11.7 mt ha-1) respectively. Most of the WorldVeg lines performed better than the check variety ‘Pusa Ruby’. Genotype HRA43, Red Local and Sindhupalchock Local were not affected by virus while Yellow Local showed 3.3% infection. Among the WorldVeg lines, AVTO1712 (20%), AVTO1717 (20%) and AVTO1718 (13%) and AVTO1219 (15%) showed less than 20% virus infection in the open field conditions. Cluster analysis using the unweighted paired group method with arithmetic mean showed that cluster-1 was the largest cluster comprised of 40 genotypes followed by cluster-2 and cluster-4. Genotypes from cluster-4 showed the higher fruit yield (25.1 mt ha-1) and resistant to the virus and the highest number of fruits per plot (1978 in 4.5 m2 area). The yield was low in cluster-1 which could be due to the heavy rainfall during the vegetative and reproductive stages. Genotypes Red Local and Sindhupalchock Local could be used in future tomato breeding program due to their resistant to TYLCV, higher potential yield and highest plant vigour in open field conditions at the mid-hill of Nepal. Considering the overall performance, genotype HRA43, HRA33 and AVTO1429 were promising lines with performance for yield and other horticultural traits.

scholarly journals Performance of Sorghum Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) developed for rain-fed areas of Sudan

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
El Hassan ◽  
Yasir Gamar ◽  
Ibrahim Elzein ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Tareg Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Wide Range

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is the most widely produced and consumed cereal crop in Sudan. However, productivity is low since the crop is produced in favorable and unfavorable environments where the crop suffers from drought stresses at different growth stages. In the present study, six sorghum inbred lines developed by local breeding program and two commercial checks were evaluated for grain yield potential, yield stability, some important agronomic characters and grain quality properties. Series variety trials were conducted at Elobeid and Suki, Damazin areas of Sudan, during three consecutive rainy seasons. The selected locations represent low, medium and high rainfall areas of Sudan. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that mean squares of genotypes, seasons, locations, location x season, location x genotypes, season x genotypes and season x location x genotype interactions were highly significant (P=0.01) for grain yield. The sorghum genotypes Edo 34-23-4, Edo 26-18 and Edo 16-dwarf produced substantially higher grain yields than commercial checks and the trial mean. Their percentage yield increase ranged from 5% to 75% over commercial checks. The stability analysis revealed that the above mentioned Edo-genotypes had high yield potentials and were stable across a wide range of agricultural conditions. Moreover, the same Edo-lines showed early maturing compared to selected commercial checks and also the Edo-lines possessed good food grains and were market preferred and acceptable for making quality kisra (fermented sorghum pancake-like flatbread). The Edo developed lines also possess the acceptable grain quality in addition to moderate physical grain characteristics such as protein content, fat acidity and moisture content.

scholarly journals Evaluating Performance of Cherry and Slicer Tomato Cultivars in Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions: Yield and Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Bruce Dunn ◽  
Niels Maness ◽  
Lynn Brandenberger ◽  
Lynda Carrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Field Production

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated horticultural crops in the world. Factors such as yield, size, taste, and lycopene content are important criteria that may impact the selection of tomato cultivars for different production systems. The aim of the current study was to evaluate different slicer and cherry tomato cultivars for production under greenhouse and open field conditions. Three cultivars of slicer (BHN 964, Trust, and Geronimo) and cherry (BHN 268, Favorita, and Sakura) tomatoes were tested using randomized complete block design in 2019 and 2020. Results showed that the performance of tested cultivars differed under greenhouse verses open field conditions. Among cherry tomato cultivars in 2020, BHN 268 and Sakura produced significantly greater yield under open field conditions, while under greenhouse conditions yield of BHN 268 was the lowest. Similarly, cherry tomato fruit size from ‘BHN 268’ and ‘Sakura’ was also significantly greater than ‘Favorita’ under field conditions, whereas under greenhouse conditions, the fruit size of ‘Sakura’ was significantly greater than both ‘BHN 268’ and ‘Favorita’. Among slicer tomato cultivars, BHN 964 produced significantly greater yield and had a greater average fruit size than the other two cultivars under greenhouse conditions in 2020 while, Geronimo produced significantly similar or larger yield and had a similar average fruit size compared with BHN 964 under open field conditions. Tomatoes produced under open field conditions were rated significantly greater for taste compared with those produced under greenhouse conditions. Lycopene content in both slicer and cherry tomato cultivars was influenced by the interaction of production type, cultivars, and harvest time. Therefore, it can be concluded that BHN 964 and Geronimo were the highest in lycopene among slicer tomato cultivars for greenhouse and open field production, respectively. Among cherry tomato cultivars, BHN 268 was the highest in lycopene for open field production and Sakura for greenhouse production. Additionally, open field–produced tomatoes taste better than greenhouse-produced tomatoes, but lycopene content may be constrained for mid- and late-season fruits due to high temperature conditions under open field conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Eggplant Germplasm Evaluated under Open Field and Glasshouse Cropping Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Nadzirah Mat Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Janejira Duangjit ◽  
Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽  
Chalermpol Phumichai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Knowledge of agro-morphological genetic variation and cropping conditions on vegetative and yield-related traits plays a significant role in varietal improvement and production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Following this premise, the current study was conducted to critically asses the genetic variation of 29 eggplant accessions by using agro-morphological characterization evaluated under two cropping conditions, namely, glasshouse and open field. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on vegetative and yield characteristics were collected and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.4, while variance components were estimated manually. The results obtained from the analysis of variance indicated a highly significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) for all characteristics studied in both cropping conditions. The evaluated accessions were grouped into six major clusters based on agro-morphological traits using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram. Hence, crosses between group I with VI or V could be used to attain higher heterosis and vigor among the accessions. Also, this evaluation could be used as a selection criterion for important yield agronomic traits in eggplant. The methodology and the approaches used may provide a model for the enhancement of other vegetable crop diversity towards adaptability to the cropping condition decision. This result displayed importance for preserving eggplant germplasm for future varietal development and revealed that open field cropping condition is more suitable under Malaysia’s agroecology.

scholarly journals Advantageous traits of hungarian tomato accessions for future utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
László Csambalik ◽  
Márta Ladányi ◽  
Eszter Tóth ◽  
Anna Divéky-Ertsey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Modern Breeding

Due to its production and consumption volume, tomato is one of the most important vegetable of the World. Extensive efforts have been made to overcome genotypic difficulties that decelerated gradual increase of yield. Throughout this improvement, plant genetic resources (PGRs) with unfavorable vegetative and generative characteristics together with possibly valuable traits (e.g. rich flavor, outstanding nutritional content, uncommon fruit size, color, and shape, high adaptation to environmental extremities) have been lost. The side-effects of modern breeding progress, such as loss of flavor, lower nutritional content are measurable now in modern varieties. Tomato PGRs collected by gene banks are available for screening and for re-use of advantageous genes; for this, accession-level testing has to be executed. The hypothesis of the present study was that the selected Hungarian tomato accessions have valuable yield characteristics, which can be utilized in future breeding programs. In a three year (2012-2014) open field trial, four PGRs with pepper-shaped fruits were grown together with San Marzano variety as a reference point. The PGRs were the followings (place of origin in brackets): RCAT030271 (Kozárd), RCAT031255 (Soltvadkert), RCAT031257 (Gyöngyös), and RCAT060349 (Nagykáta). The location was the certified organic land of SZIE Soroksár Experimental and Educational Station, Hungary. The propagation material was provided by Research Centre for Agrobiodiversity (NöDiK), Tápiószele. Weight of weekly yield was measured; the fruits were separated to three fractions, i.e. intact, cracked, and infected fractions. Coherences with weather parameters were also investigated. The potential yield (summary of all fractions) of PGRs were comparable with that of San Marzano variety in 2012, however, the cracked fraction of PGRs were significantly higher. The arid weather of 2013 reduced the ratio of cracked fractions in the case of all PGRs and the variety. The extremely humid season of 2014 was favorable especially for RCAT031257, the intact fraction of which was significantly higher than those of San Marzano. The potential yield of PGRs, with the exception of RCAT060349, was two-fold higher than the value of San Marzano. It was concluded, that scanning Hungarian tomato PGRs for useful traits (e.g. high yield in weather extremities, novel fruit color and shape) is reasonable; these characteristics can possibly be utilized by future breeding efforts.  

Evaluation of yield and other agronomic traits in pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) under open-field conditions in the humid tropics

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Khalil Ali ◽  
◽  
Pathmanathan Umaharan ◽  
Richard Brathwaite ◽  
Winston Elibox
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
The University

Sixty-eight pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) accessions were evaluated for yield (measured as total number of fruits per plant and total fruit weight per plant) and 15 other traits under open-field conditions in two trials, one conducted in the dry (Trial-1) and the other in wet season (Trial-2) of 2014. Each trial was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications (20 plants per replicate) at The University of the West Indies Field Station, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago. There were significant differences (p < 0.01 to 0.001) among the accessions for all traits except plant height, plant canopy width in Trial-1, and early vigour in Trial-2. Total number of fruits per plants was weakly correlated (r = 0.37 in Trial-1, r = 0.45 in Trial-2; p < 0.01 to 0.001) with total fruit weight per plant, but was strongly associated with number of fruits per plant in the first and second 5 pickings (r = 0.78 to 0.97, p < 0.001) and moderately negatively correlated (r = -0.33 to -0.56, p < 0.01 to 0.001) with fruit width and average fruit weight. Total fruit weight per plant was positively associated with fruit weight per plant in the first and second 5 pickings (r = 0.66 to 0.89, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated (r = -0.41 to -0.69, p < 0.001) with days to 50% flowering and fruiting. A comparison of linear regression lines showed that the relative ranking of the accessions over seasons did not change for days to 50% flowering and fruiting, fruit weight per plant in the second 5 pickings, total fruit weight per plant and fruit width. The implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fungicides in management of Downy mildew disease of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under open field conditions, in Dhading district of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-252
Author(s):  
Shailesh Pandit ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Krishna Hari Dhakal ◽  
Sramika Rijal ◽  
Sandesh Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) is one of the most important disease of cucumber under open field conditions. Hence, the experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of fungicides in management of downy mildew disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under open field in Chauradi-7 Dhading during spring season, 2019. Bhaktapur local variety of cucumber was used for the study. The experiment was laid out in single factor randomized complete block design with four replications. Three different bio-fungicides; Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Verticillium lecanii and one chemical fungicide; Krilaxyl (metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%) were used as treatments. Normal water spray served as control. It was observed that bio-fungicides had insignificant effect in controlling the downy mildew. Pathological observation such as disease incidence percentage, severity percentage and AUDPC in bio-fungicides treated plots were not significantly different from water-sprayed control plots. Similarly, biometric attributes such as number of fruit, length and diameter of fruit, weight of fruit were also non-significant. Krilaxyl resulted significant effect in controlling downy mildew, providing maximum disease reduction (37.48%-50.72%) with lowest disease incidence (1.25-61.25%) and lowest value of AUDPC (138.7). Krilaxyl treated plots had higher number of fruit (6), longer length of fruit (17.15-18.95), higher diameter of fruit (4.16- 4.45 cm) and higher weight of fruit (677 - 759 g). Hence, chemical fungicide Krilaxyl was found better for the management of downy mildew disease in open field cucumber cultivation. Further, researches on bio-fungicides, especially of native strains are required for best result.

scholarly journals Response of Selected Potato Genotypes to Natural Virus Infection in the Field

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gidraf Onduru Okeyo ◽  
Rama Devi Narla ◽  
Hillary Moses Omondi Otieno ◽  
Elmar Schulte-Geldermann
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Natural Virus

Potato viruses are one of the major biotic factors causing high yield losses in potato production fields. In contrast to other disease causing pathogens, potato viruses’ lack well documented chemical control strategy and hence difficult to control once established in the field. The aim of the study was to assess the reaction of different potato genotypes to natural virus infection in the field. The present study was carried out on 12 potato genotypes (7 CIP clones and 5 commercial varieties) at the Field Station of the University of Nairobi, Upper Kabete campus Kenya in two potato growth seasons. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of 4 replications was adopted with 12 treatments. Data was collected on percent crop emergence, disease incidence, growth and yield performance. At the end of season 2, tubers were sampled randomly per genotype and tested for presence of viruses using CIP DAS-ELISA kit. Analysis of variance on different parameters revealed varied response of each genotype to virus infection in the field in both seasons. Four potato viruses: PVS (67%), PVY (20%), PLRV (12%) and PVM (7%), were detected infecting tested potato tubers either as single or as multiple infections. The results revealed that four clones: 392797.22, 393371.157, 398190.200 and 397073.7 had high levels of tolerance to virus infection. Therefore further studies should be done to understand whether they possess quantitative or qualitative resistant traits to specific potato viruses and other biotic factors.

Influence of the leaf curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi) on stem diameter, seed yield, and their relationship, in sunflower

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lerin ◽  
I. Badenhausser
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Brachycaudus Helichrysi ◽  
Aphid Populations

SUMMARYThe leaf-curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt.) is one of the main pests of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Europe. Yield losses were assessed in open field conditions and natural infestations over a 3-year period in Central West France. Plant variability and the choice of the more vigorous plants by aphids in open field conditions were two factors interfering with the experiments. To improve their sensitivity and to correct for biases without expanding the experimental design, an analysis of covariance was the best compromise. Field and cage experiments were conducted between 1985 and 1989 to assess the influence of aphids on the relationship between stem diameter at harvest and seed yield. As an indicator of plant vigour (size and yield), stem diameter at harvest was the best choice, as neither its relationship with seed yield nor its mean value was affected by aphid infestation. It was then used as a covariate to study yield losses. Aphid populations were quantified weekly from the beginning to the end of the infestations according to the leaf-curling symptom and to the number of aphids per plant. Multivariate analyses followed by cluster analysis identified groups of plants displaying similar infestation dynamics. It was found that when aphid populations reached > 100 per plant at the budding stage, yield losses occurred. When populations were < 100 aphids per plant at the budding stage and then decreased, no yield loss was observed. This gives growers ample time to monitor populations and treat crops.

scholarly journals Influence of Biostimulants on Important Traits ofZinnia elegansJacq. under Open Field Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Saini ◽  
Ashok Aggarwal ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Flower Quality

The efficacy of microbial treatment on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake is very well acknowledged for field crops. However, the use of microbes forZinnia eleganshas rarely been exploited under field trials. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of different microbial bioinoculants on sixteen morphological and nine biochemical traits ofZ.elegans. We used two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus mosseae(G) andAcaulospora laevis(A)) along withTrichoderma viride(T) andPseudomonas florescence(P) as five different treatments under open field conditions, in a randomized complete block design. There were significant differences for all of the traits studied. Treatment 5 (G + A + T + P) was noted as the best treatment for the improvement of morphological characters, whereas Treatment 4 (G + A + P) was most significant for the biochemical trait improvement inZ. elegans. Overall, this study provides useful insight into the bioinoculant treatment that can be applied to improve the yield and flower quality ofZ.elegansunder open field conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield Potential and Dry Matter Content of Promising Clones of Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato Rich in Betacarotene

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Febria Cahya Indriani ◽  
Joko Restuono ◽  
Wiwit Rahajeng ◽  
Yuliantoro Baliadi ◽  
Made Jana Mejaya
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Beta 2

Public awareness of foods that have physiological functions for health is increasing. Consumption of orange fleshed sweetpotato not only meets carbohydrate requirements but also beta-carotene which is good for eye health. The aim of this reserach was to evaluate the yield potential and levels of dry matter content of promising clones of orange fleshed sweetpotato rich in beta-carotene. The study was conducted in Malang, East Java in Dry Season II 2016. Genetic materials used were 20 sweetpotato clones, including Beta-1 and Beta-2 varieties as a check. The treatment design used a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the clones tested had a potential yield ranging from 20.9 - 35.1 t/ha with an average of 25.2 t/ha. There were three clones  had a higher yield potential than the check varieties Beta-1 and Beta-2. Dry matter content ranged from 17.0 - 31.6% with an average of 25.7%. Fifteen clones had higher levels of dry matter content than check varieties Beta-1 and Beta-2. MSU 14018-06, MSU 14001-20 and MSU 14027-02 clones had high yield potential and dry matter content. All three clones have the opportunity to be released as new superior varieties of orange fleshed sweet potato rich in beta-carotene.

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