scholarly journals Paradiplomasi Melalui Kerjasama Sister City: Sebuah Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Potensi Industri Pariwisata di Kabupaten Sumenep

PUBLIC CORNER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alia Rizka Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
District Government ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Many ◽  
Government Innovation

This study aims to increase the potential for tourism in Sumenep district by using the concept of sister city collaboration paradiplomacy as one of the local government innovation efforts in providing welfare and the community's economy. In line with the globalization process, international relations actors also extend not only to state actors but also to non-state actors such as international organizations, NGOs, MNCs, media, regions, minority groups. , even individuals. From this we can see that the various actors involved in foreign relations and cooperation are increasingly complex, especially in the decision-making process. The research method, the researcher used the literature study method. Literature study, namely the researcher diligently examines the literature needed in the study. The many potentials of the tourism industry in Sumenep regency are not yet optimal, the efforts of the Sumenep district government to use sister city cooperation are one of the solutions to increase local and foreign tourists. Keywords: Paradiplomacy, Sister City, Tourism, Sumenep

Multilateral Diplomacy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Muldoon ◽  
JoAnn Fagot Aviel
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
21St Century ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Multilateral Negotiation ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Many ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy

Multilateral diplomacy is the management of international relations by negotiations among three or more states through diplomatic or governmental representatives, but it can also be engaged in by representatives of non-state actors. Multilateral negotiation is characterized by multi-parties, multi-issues, multi-roles, and multi-values. The level of complexity is far greater than in bilateral diplomacy as is the level of skill needed to manage that complexity. It can be based on multilateralism, or have multilateralism as a goal, but it can also be pursued by those who do not. Multilateralism can be defined as global governance of the many, and a major principle is the opposition to bilateral discriminatory arrangements. Classic diplomatic studies focused on bilateral diplomacy. However, the growth of international organizations in the 20th century increased interest in multilateral diplomacy, which has developed since its origins in 1648. Increasing attention has been paid to the role of non-state actors and new forms of diplomacy affected by globalization and the digitization of information. In the 21st century, multilateral diplomacy faces unique challenges and calls for reform of international organizations and global governance.

Sub-state actors and foreign policy risk-taking: The Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-369
Author(s):  
David Romano
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Policy Risk

The analysis presented here offers a possible framework for understanding when sub-state actors behave prudently and more strategically in their foreign relations, and when other priorities might instead heighten the chances of seemingly irrational, erratic, or dangerous, foreign policies. Using a case study of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq to illustrate the argument, the author attempts to show how “regime consolidation” plays a key role in allowing such actors to prioritise policies aimed at grappling with external challenges, threats and opportunities. Internally legitimate, consolidated regimes can better present “one face” to the outside world and behave more strategically in the international arena.  Political systems lacking consolidation or internal legitimacy, in contrast, turn to the external environment in search of resources to help them with domestic threats and challenges. This may lead to seemingly erratic, unpredictable and risky foreign policies on their part. Abstract in Kurmanji Aktorên bin-dewletî û girtina rîskên siyaseta derve: Hikûmeta Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê Analîza ku li vir hatiye pêşkêşkirin çarçoveyeke muhtemel ji bo fehmkirina demên ku aktorên bin-dewletî di têkiliyên xwe yên derve de bi hişyarî û stratejîk tevdigerin û demên di dewsê de pêşkiyên din şansên siyaseta derve yên xeternak, guherbar û îrrasyonel didine ber xwe. Bi bikaranîna mînaka Hikûmeta Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê nivîskar hewl dide ku nîşan bide ka çawa “xurtkirina rejîmê” roleke serekî dilîze di destûrdana van aktoran de ku pêşekiyê bidin polîtîkayên ku bi dijwarî, tehdît û talûkeyên derve bigre. Rejîmên di hundir de meşrû û xurt dikarin baştir “rûyekî” nîşanê cîhana derve bidin û di qada navneteweyî de bêhtir stratejîk tevbigerin. Lê belê sîstemên siyasî yên ne xurt û di hundir de ne meşrû jî berê xwe didin derdora derve di lêgerîna çavkaniyan de da ku alîkariya wan bikin ji bo talûke û zehmetiyên hundirîn. Ev dikare bibe sedem ku ew polîtîkayên derveyî yên birîsk, netexmînbar û hevnegir ên berçav bigrin ji aliyê xwe ve. Abstract in Sorani Ektere dewllete lawekeyyekan û xoleqerey metrisî danî syasetî derewe: hkumetî herêmî kurdistanî ‘êrraq Ew şîkaryaney lêreda amadekrawn , çwarçêweyekî guncaw pêşkeş dekat bo têgeyiştin lewey le katêkda ektere dewllete lawekîyekan beşêweyekî wiryayane û sitratîjyanetir le peywendîyekanî derewey xoyanda hellsukewt deken, we katêkîş ewlewîyetekanî tir renge şansî ewey le rukeşda wek syasetî derekî na'eqllanî, namo, yan trisnak derdekewêt berizbkatewe. Hkumetî herêmî kurdistanî 'êraq wek keysî twêjînewe bekarhatuwe bo rûnkirdnewey ew argumêntey ke nûser hewll dedat nîşanî bdat çon “ptewkirdnî rjêm” rollêkî serekî debînêt le rêgedan bew core ekterane bo ewey ew syasetane bkate ewlewîyet ke amanc lêy berberekanêy allingarîy û hereşe û derfete drekîyekane. Ew rjêmaney ke şer'îyetî nawxoyyan heye û çespawn baştir detwanin “yek rûîy” pîşanî dinyay derewe bken û le meydanî nêwdewlletîşda sitratîjyanetir hellsukewt bken. Bepêçewanewe, ew sîsteme syasyaney ke neçespawn û şer'îyetî nawxoyyan kurtidênêt, le gerran bedway serçawekanda rû le jîngey derekî deken bo ewey yarmetîyan bda le herreşe û allingarîye nawxoyyekan. Eme lewaneye wabkat ke ew syasete derekîyaney ke be namo, pêşbînî nekraw û metrisîdar derdekewn le terefî ewanewe bêt. Abstract in Zazaki Faîlê bindewletkî û rîskgêrîya sîyasetê teberî: Hukmatê Herêmê Kurdîstanî yê Îraqî   No analîzê tîyayî seba fehmkerdişê wextê ke faîlê bindewletkîyî têkilîyanê xo yê teberî de bitedbîr û hîna zaf stratejîk hereket kenê û wexto ke herinda ci de prîorîteyê bînî asayîş ra gore îhtîmalê polîtîkayanê teberî yê bêmantiq, bêqerar yan zî xeternakan kenê zêde, ci rê çarçewayêka potansîyele pêşkêş keno. Bi xebata nimûneyî yê Hukmatê Herêmê Kurdîstanî yê Îraqî no arguman nîşan dîyeno. Nuştox wazeno bimusno ke “konsolîdasyonê rejîmî” senî rolêko sereke gêno ke tede kerdoxanê winasîyan rê destûr dîyeno ke polîtîkayanê xo yê çareserkerdişê zehmetî, tehdîd û îmkananê teberî prîorîtîze bikerê. Eke zere de meşrû yê, rejîmê kondolîdekerdeyî eşkenê xo bi “yew rî” teber rê bimusnê û sahneya mîyanneteweyîye de hîna zaf stratejîk hereket bikerê. Heto bîn ra, sîstemê sîyasîyî ke tede konsolîdasyon yan zî meşrûîyetê zereyî çin ê, ê xo çarnenê dorûverê xo yê teberî ke seba helkerdişê tehdîd û zehmetîyanê zereyî ro çimeyan bigêre. No seba înan beno ke bibo sebebê polîtîkayanê teberî yê bêqerar, nevervînbar û rîzîkodaran.

Implementation of Regulation of The Minister of Kominfo Number 20 2016 in Disdukcapil Sleman, Temanggung, and Gianyar District

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nfn Darmanto ◽  
Nur Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Edwards Model ◽  
District Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Techniques

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh menguatnya wacana mengenai pentingnya perlindungan data pribadi  dan terbitnya Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Sistem Elektronik. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja implementasi Peraturan Menteri tersebut di lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten. Penelitian  dilakukan di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Gianyar, Temanggung, dan Sleman dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus, sedangkan pengum­pu­lan data menggunakan teknik studi pustaka, wawancara, dan observasi. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep implemen­tasi model Edwards yang melihat implementasi berdasarkan variabel komunikasi, sumber-sumber, kecenderungan-kecenderu­ngan, dan struk­tur birokrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjuk­kan bahwa penyelenggaraan administrasi kependudukan yang di dalamnya termasuk perlindungan data pribadi oleh Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil merujuk pada Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 61 Tahun 2015, sedangkan Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 20 tahun 2016 sama sekali belum mereka ketahui. AbstractThis research is motivated by the strengthening of discourse regarding the importance of protecting personal data and the issuance of Minister of Communication and Information Regulation No. 20 of 2016 concerning Protection of Personal Data in Electronic Systems. The research objective is to determine the performance of the implementation of the Ministerial Regulation within the District Government. The study was conducted at the Department of Population and Civil Registration at the Government of the Regency of Gianyar, Temanggung, and Sleman by using a case study method, while data collection using literature study techniques, interviews, and observations. The discussion was carried out using the concept of implementation of Edwards model that looked at implementation based on communication variables, sources, trends, and bureaucratic structure. The results showed that the administration of population administration which included the protection of personal data by the Population and Civil Registry Office referred to the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 61 of 2015, while the Minister of Communication and Information Regulation No. 20 of 2016 was completely unknown to them.   

Reflexive Authorities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zürn
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
State Actors

In this chapter, authority is developed as key concept for analyzing the global governance system. Max Weber’s foundational treatment is used to capture the paradox involved in the notion of “voluntary subordination.” Building on this foundation, the concept of reflexive authority is elaborated in contrast to two other concepts that have prevailed in international relations so far. The argument is laid out against the background of the global governance context, one in which the authority holders are in many respects weaker than most state actors. Two types of reflexive authority are identified: epistemic and political authority. Finally, the interplay between different authorities in global governance is analyzed to identify the major features of the global governance system. It is—to put it in the shortest possible form—a system of only loosely coupled spheres of authorities that is not coordinated by a meta-authority and lacks a proper separation of powers.

The many faces of disability in evidence for policy and practice: embracing complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Rivas ◽  
Ikuko Tomomatsu ◽  
David Gough
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
Research Recruitment ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
The Many ◽  
Evidence For Policy ◽  
Existing Data

Background: This special issue examines the relationship between disability, evidence, and policy.Key points: Several themes cut across the included papers. Despite the development of models of disability that recognise its socially constructed nature, dis/ableism impedes the involvement of people with disability in evidence production and use. The resultant incomplete representations of disability are biased towards its deproblematisation. Existing data often homogenise the heterogeneous. Functioning and impairment categories are used for surveys, research recruitment and policy enactments, that exclude many. Existing data may crudely evidence some systematic inequalities, but the successful and appropriate development and enactment of disability policies requires more contextual data. Categories and labels drawn from a deficit model affect social constructions of identity, and have been used socially and politically to justify the disenfranchisement of people with disability. Well rehearsed within welfare systems, this results in disempowered and devalued objects of policy, and, as described in one Brazilian paper, the systematic breakup of indigenous families. Several studies show the dangers of policy developed without evidence and impact assessments from and with the intended beneficiaries.Conclusions and implications: There is a need to mitigate barriers to inclusive participation, to enable people with disability to collaborate as equals with other policy actors. The combined application of different policy models and ontologies, currently in tension, might better harness their respective strengths and encourage greater transparency and deliberation regarding the flaws inherent in each. Learning should be shared across minority groups.

Cyber Power in International Relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Tim Stevens ◽  
Camino Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Strategic Outcomes

This chapter provides a conceptual and analytical framework for the understanding of ‘cyber power’ in the theory and practice of international relations. Cyber power is the product of relationships between actors, rather than a material quantity that can be possessed and converted into strategic outcomes. This chapter identifies four forms of cyber power that arise from different configurations of state and non-state actors: compulsory, institutional, structural, and productive. Analysis of national cyber strategies shows how states develop, leverage, and exploit their relationships with the actors and structures of the international system to generate cyber power in pursuit of their strategic objectives. Cyber power should therefore be understood as a multiplicity of forms of power in and through cyberspace, not as a singular concept or practice. Moreover, cyber power should be framed within broader conceptualizations of power, rather than treated as somehow distinct and discrete.

Recent Literature on Sanctions - Iraq Under Siege: The Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War, Anthony Arnove, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press, 2000), 216 pp., $40 cloth, $16 paper. - “The Effect of Iraqi Sanctions: Statistical Pitfalls and Responsibility,” Amatzia Baram, Middle East Journal 54 (Spring2000), pp. 194–223. - United Nations Sanctions Management: A Case Study of the Iraq Sanctions Committee, 1990–1994, Paul Conlon (Ardsley, N.Y.: Transnational Publishers, 2000), 350 pp., $115 cloth. - Iraq and the War of Sanctions: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Anthony H. Cordesman (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1999), 712 pp., $75 cloth. - The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s, David Cortright and George A. Lopez, eds. (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000), 274 pp., $17.95 paper. - The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations, Daniel W. Drezner (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 362 pp., $59.95 cloth, $24.95 paper. - Sanctioning Saddam: The Politics of Intervention in Iraq, Sarah Graham-Brown (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999), 400 pp., $35 cloth. - Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy, Richard N. Haass, ed. (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Books, 1998), 220 pp., $17.95 paper. - Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, Richard N. Haass and Meghan L. O'Sullivan, eds. (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), 168 pp., $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper.

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Brookings Institution ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Economic Statecraft

Before Midnight

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

This chapter examines ideas about war, peace, and international relations over the century preceding independence, of which there were many more and in greater depth than widely supposed. It outlines how and why Indians first began to articulate views on the subject, and subsequently analyses these ideas. It proposes that, contrary to the opinion of some scholars, Indians thought carefully about the nature of international relations. Most importantly, it emphasizes the plurality of views on the subject, and explains how and why proponents of pragmatism in foreign relations came to be sidelined in the period immediately preceding independence. Several of the personalities developing notions of what a foreign policy for India should involve as of the early twentieth century, including India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, became important actors in formulating and implementing foreign policy post-independence.

scholarly journals Non-State Actors and the Ethics of International Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-729
Author(s):  
Tvrtko Jolić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
State Actors
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