scholarly journals Fragmented policymaking in Mexico: the design of social programs in a subnational case

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Carlos Moreno-Jaimes
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Instrument Selection ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Policy Problems

Subnational governments in Mexico have significantly increased their role as policymakers. As a result, they have contributed to the creation of a wide variety of social programs earmarked to different target populations. Although the effects of these interventions on poverty reduction or on other development indicators are uncertain, analyzing their design can provide valuable insights about how social policy is conceived. In this article, I use the case of Jalisco, one of the states in Mexico that has taken the lead in the development of evaluation and monitoring mechanism to manage policymaking, to analyze the internal consistency design of social programs (the logic between problem definition, pertinence of goals and instrument selection) and their degree of horizontal articulation (to what extent programs duplicate or complement with each other). Drawing on an original dataset with more than 100 variables for 339 social programs, I find that policy interventions have a poor level of internal consistency, particularly regarding the formulation of policy problems. In addition, programs are highly atomized, which means that too many interventions aim at particularized interests, not at broader social groups. I argue that, notwithstanding that they operate in context where the formulation and evaluation of public policy are highly institutionalized, social programs are considerably inconsistent and fragmented, suggesting that they are not a deliberative response to social problems demanding solutions.

scholarly journals The Limits of Policy Analytics: Early Examples and the Emerging Boundary of Possibilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Justin Longo ◽  
Alan Rodney Dobell
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Policy Experimentation ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Policy Analytics ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
The Impact

Policy analytics has emerged as a modification of traditional policy analysis, where the discrete stages of the policy cycle are reformulated into a continuous, real-time system of big data collection, data analytics, and ubiquitous, connected technologies that provides the basis for more precise problem definition, policy experimentation for revealing detailed insights into system dynamics, and ongoing assessment of the impact of micro-scale policy interventions to nudge behaviour towards desired policy objectives. Theoretical and applied work in policy analytics research and practice is emerging that offers a persuasive case for the future possibilities of a real-time approach to policymaking and governance. However, policy problems often operate on long time cycles where the effect of policy interventions on behaviour and decisions can be observed only over long periods, and often only indirectly. This article surveys examples in the policy analytics literature, infers from those examples some characteristics of the policy problems and settings that lend themselves to a policy analytics approach, and suggests the boundaries of feasible policy analytics. Rather than imagine policy analytics as a universal replacement for the decades-old policy analysis approach, a sense of this boundary will allow us to more effectively consider the appropriate application of real-time policy analytics.

Biodiversity and agricultural landscapes: Can the wicked policy problems be solved?

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Natural Diversity ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Apparent Conflict

Conservation issues for agricultural landscapes are typical examples of "wicked" public policy problems: that is, ones in which questions are not clearly defined, and there is apparent conflict between different sets of values, all of which are legitimate. The paper argues that how to protect intrinsic value in nature is itself a wicked policy problem, complicated by the fact that at least three different senses of "intrinsic value" are easily confused. The challenge for policy in Australian agriculture is how to protect remaining natural values by processes that are fair to stakeholders, governed by scientific credibility and sensitive to the plurality of values held by groups within the community. The paper argues that scientists themselves can play an important role not just in problem definition, but also in helping set the agenda for action that will be effective in preserving natural diversity.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA BATAM MELALUI PENDIDIKAN GUNA MEMPERCEPAT PENCAPAIAN MDG’s

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Ayu Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
National Education ◽  
International Commitments ◽  
National Education System ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Educational

The development of human capital through education is one of the requirements for the creation of poverty reduction. During the development of education in Batam has been done efforts development and relevance of education in accordance with the development goals of science and technology and the needs of the labor market, with the national education system running and also the target of international commitments in the field of education. However, education development indicators in Batam are still low.The purpose of this study is to identify poverty and how it relates to education and reduce poverty and accelerate the achievement of the MDGs. The research method used in this research uses qualitative method to explore poverty and education development in Batam. Survey documents relating to educational and psychological development in Batam became an important source of data in this study.The results of this study indicate that based on the achievement of Gross Participated on Education (APM/APK) and the average years of education in Batam have reached the target according to MDG's, but the number of illiterates in Batam is still high. Educational development brings with it the inequality of education among various community groups in Batam according to the income they earn. Keywords: development education, poverty, and hinterland Pembangunan modal manusia melalui pendidikan merupakan salah satu syarat terciptanya penurunan kemiskinan. Selama ini pembangunan bidang pendidikan di Kota Batam telah dilakukan upaya pengembangan dan relevansi pendidikan sesuai dengan tujuan perkembangan IPTEK dan kebutuhan pasar kerja, dengan sistem pendidikan nasional yang berjalan dan juga sasaran komitmen-komitmen internasional dibidang pendidikan. Namun, indicator pembangunan pendidikan di Kota Batam masih rendah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kemiskinan dan bagaimana kaitannya antara pembangunan pendidikan dan upaya mengurangi kemiskinan, guna mempercepat pencapaian MDG’s. penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk mengeksplorasi kemiskinan dan pembangunan pendidikan di Kota Batam. Dokumen yang terkait pengembangan pendidikan dan psikologi di Kota Batam menjadi data penting dalam penelitian ini.Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembangunan pendidikan yang didasarkan pada pencapaian APK/APM dan rata-rata lama tahun pendidikan di Kota Batam telah mencapai sasaran menurut MDG’s, namun jumlah buta aksara di Kota Batam masih tinggi. Pembangunan pendidikan membawa serta ketimpangan pendidikan diantara berbagai kelompok masyarakat di Kota Batam menurut pendapatan yang mereka peroleh. Kata Kunci: pembangunan pendidikan, kemiskinan, hinterland

scholarly journals Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey to the Mediterranean Spanish Context (NEMS-P-MED)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3257
Author(s):  
Alba Martínez-García ◽  
Eva María Trescastro-López ◽  
María Eugenia Galiana-Sánchez ◽  
Cristóbal Llorens-Ivorra ◽  
Pamela Pereyra-Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Nutrition Environment ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Standardized Measurement

Individuals’ perceptions of their food environments are a mediator between exposure to the environment and people’s interaction with it. The Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys (NEMS) are valid and reliable measures to assess food environments. In Spain, there is no adapted instrument to measure the perceived obesogenic environment. This article aims to adapt and evaluate the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for a Spanish context (NEMS-P-MED). The Spanish version has 32 questions to measure the perception about availability, accessibility and marketing of 3 types of environment: home, shops and restaurants. We assess feasibility, construct validity and internal consistency reliability through a sample of 95 individuals. The internal consistency was acceptable for most items (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients range from 0.6 to 0.9), similar to that of the original scale. The NEMS-P-MED has been shown to be valid and, on certain items reliable, and was useful to assess the population’s perceptions of the food environment in the home, restaurants and food stores in a Spanish context. Adapting standardized measurement tools to specific contexts to assess the perceived and observed characteristics of food environments may facilitate the development of effective policy interventions to reduce excess weight.

scholarly journals Tradition and Poverty Reduction – Mahalla and its Significance in Development Process in Tajikistan

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cieslewska
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Government ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Significance of mahalla as informal social, self-governing institution has increased due to a variety of factors related to the post-transitional changes in Tajikistan. The phenomenon of existence of informal self-government bodies has not been only exclusive to Central Asia or Tajikistan. However, in a case of Central Asia, those institutions have always played significant role in maintaining social order and frequently they are more legitimized in the eyes of local residents than the formally established self-government. Recently, the government of Tajikistan has attempted to incorporate the elements of (indigenous) self-governmental institutions into the formal self-government’s structures. Also, international organizations try to integrate mahalla as important element which would facilitate development’s process. Identification of potential of this old institution could become a good base for poverty reduction and social programs.

scholarly journals The Complexity and Instability of Policy Conditionality and Transfer: IMF Interventions in the Political Economy of South America.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
David Alemna ◽  
Kepa Artaraz ◽  
Philip Haynes ◽  
Shadreck Mwale
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Global Market ◽  
South American ◽  
Pattern Synthesis ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Market Instability ◽  
Policy Problems

International Monetary Fund (IMF) interventions have evolved in the last sixty years based on the predominant orthodoxy in world political economy with a focus in recent decades on encouraging liberal market conditions to secure inward investment and capital flows. This has resulted in a dominant model of policy conditions and transfer, but with a debate about the contextual relevance. This paper uses an innovative approach to longitudinal research, called Dynamic Pattern Synthesis, to compare the economic performance of South American nations between 2000-2015. The results from using this method illustrates multifinality in the IMF outcome of encouraging foreign direct investment. A complex configuration of influences on this outcome are evidenced. Complexity theory is used to explain the results, with the continent defined as a complex system that does not respond to simple causal policy mechanisms, but rather displays different patterns of political and economic influence in the context of global market instability. Different foreign direct investment configurations result, and these illustrate that international monetary and policy interventions need to be contextual and cannot make simplistic and universal assumptions about policy problems and their mechanistic solutions. 

scholarly journals Família, gênero e proteção social | Family, gender and social protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia Maria Carloto ◽  
Bárbara Weinert Ferreira Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
The Family ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Liberal Perspective

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre proteção social, família e gênero, com destaque para o contexto das reformas neoliberais e para a centralidade da família. Procura enfatizar como os modelos de proteção social incorporam as famílias e as mulheres a partir do modelo de família nuclear-burguês, reforçando os papeis tradicionais de cuidadora da casa e dos filhos para o bom desempenho, na perspectiva liberal, de programas sociais como os de transferência condicionada de renda. O texto em seu desenvolvimento aborda os sistemas de proteção social baseados no modelo homem provedor e mulher dona de casa e o papel estratégico das mulheres nesses modelos. Além disso, também discute as medidas neoliberais e responsabilização das famílias e das mulheres na proteção social. O texto está organizado em três tópicos: Estado, família e as relações de gênero; a retomada da família no neoliberalismo familista; e, por fim, as mulheres nos programas de combate à pobreza.Palavras-Chave: Estado e família; mulheres e modelos de proteção social; gênero e família. Abstract – This article aims to analyze the relationship between social protection, family, and gender, highlighting the context of neoliberal reforms and the centrality of the family. It seeks to emphasize how social protection models incorporate families and women according to the bourgeois nuclear family model. They reinforce the traditional women roles of homemaker and childrearer when evaluating, from a liberal perspective, the performance of social programs, such as those with conditional transfer of income. The text in its development approaches the systems of social protection based on the model of man as provider and woman as housekeeper, and the strategic position of women in these models. It also discusses neoliberal measures and accountability of families and women in social protection. The text is organized into three topics: state, family, and gender relations; the resumption of family in familial neoliberalism; and finally, women in poverty reduction programs.Keywords: state and family; women and models of social protection; gender and family.

Social Safeguards and Program Design in PRGT and PSI-Supported Programs

Policy Papers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Fiscal Adjustment ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Considerable Support

The Fund provides considerable support to low-income countries (LICs). This includes concessional financing from the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT), which currently carries an interest rate of zero percent. Since 2010, over half of Fund-supported arrangements have involved a PRGT facility. Support for poverty reduction is a core objective of arrangements supported by these facilities. This paper examines how PRGT-supported programs safeguard spending on poor and vulnerable groups within the broader framework of promoting inclusive growth. In some cases, national poverty reduction programs seek to shift expenditures toward social programs in the context of generally higher spending supported by domestic revenue mobilization, grants, or debt financing. In other cases, the goal is to safeguard poor and vulnerable groups from fiscal adjustment and reform measures that could adversely affect them by adopting countervailing policy measures to strengthen social safety nets. In discussing social safeguards, this paper focuses on how and if these objectives are reflected satisfactorily in the design of PRGT and PSI-supported programs. The effectiveness of social spending in improving social outcomes, including by durably reducing poverty, is beyond the scope of the paper.

scholarly journals Policy priority inference: A computational framework to analyze the allocation of resources for the sustainable development goals

Data & Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar A. Guerrero ◽  
Gonzalo Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Policy Priority

Abstract We build a computational framework to support the planning of development and the evaluation of budgetary strategies toward the 2030 Agenda. The methodology takes into account some of the complexities of the political economy underpinning the policymaking process: the multidimensionality of development, the interlinkages between these dimensions, and the inefficiencies of policy interventions, as well as institutional factors that promote or discourage these inefficiencies. The framework is scalable and usable even with limited publicly available information: development-indicator data. However, it can be further refined as more data becomes available, for example, on public expenditure. We demonstrate its usage through an application for the Mexican federal government. For this, we infer historical policy priorities, that is, the non-observable allocations of transformative resources that generated past changes in development indicators. We also show how to use the tool to assess the feasibility of development goals, to measure policy coherence, and to identify accelerators. Overall, the framework and its computational tools allow policymakers and other stakeholders to embrace a complexity (and a quantitative) view to tackle the challenges of the Sustainable Development Goals.

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