scholarly journals Qurain AL-Thamad Valley Hydrological Aspects Extraction Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 2280-2287
Author(s):  
Laith Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Drainage Texture ◽  
Parallel Configuration ◽  
Relief Ratio

In the arid to semi-arid lands the extracted hydrological features are essential ones, since their effect on water projects managing, agricultural projects administrating, and animals grazing, so that this research is considered to be vital research because the climate of Qurain AL-Thamad basin is arid climate and basin region inhabited by many tribes who works in agricultural and grazing fields. The illustration of hydrological features using morphometric analyses is optimum since the quantization issue of basin factors, in the past this would be difficult using classical procedures (i.e. using paper topographic maps and planmeter). Recently as in this work modern procedures has been used (i.e. satellite imagery DEM as ancillary image and Arc GIS 10.5 as geo-measuring and spatio-analyzing program).  The pattern of Qurain AL-Thamad basin's drainage network shows dendritic configuration in low orders streams and parallel configuration in the high order streams. The spatial analysis using GIS environment categorize basin's shape parameters into three categories: firstly one is the linear parameters with streams divided into 1st order streams with (611.587 km) length, 2nd order streams with (384.015 km) length, 3rd order streams with (181.868 km) length, and 4th order streams with (103.674 km) length. Bifurcation ratios were calculated, Rb1 is (2.046), Rb2 is (1.869), and Rb3 is (1.624), with (1.852) Rb mean value. Secondly categorize deals with areal parameters; The longitudinal drainage density was (0.259 km??), the drainage frequency was (0.035 stream /km²), Drainage Texture value was (0.338 stream / km ), the elongation ratio was (0.483), the circularity ratio value was (0.244), the form factor was (0.183) , and the relief ratio was (0.447). according to these quantitative results the flood hazard in the basin main stream is absent, basin soil is high permeable and region rainfall rate is very low, there is significant differences in region geological structures solidity, land steepness and relief ratio are low valued yielding a few water erosion power, sediment yield, and runoff flood peak  in the basin water catchment area.

scholarly journals Use of Geospatial Tools in Morphometric Analysis and Prioritisation of Sub-Catchments of the Soungrougrou (Casamance Basin)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheikh Faye ◽  
Modou Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Drainage Texture ◽  
Conservation Plans

Abstract The prioritisation of catchments, particularly in the context of catchment plans and management programmes, is part of water resources development. In fact, morphometric analysis assisted by geospatial technology is carried out by prioritising sub-catchments according to their natural resource availability characteristics. Information on the geomorphology and erosion factors of the study area is used in the area in the preparation of local models of ungauged sub-catchments, which otherwise lack an adequate hydrological database. The objective of this paper is to use geographic information systems (GISs) in morphometric analysis to prioritise sub-catchments of the Soungrougrou (a tributary of the Casamance River). In this respect, the integrated methodology involving morphometric aspects from geospatial technology is used. To carry out the geospatial research, basic mathematical equations used in a GIS environment were used to measure a series of aspects of hydrology such as flow length, flow length ratio, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, drainage texture, flow frequency, elongation rate, circularity ratio, form factor, relief and relief ratio. The results divided the whole catchment into three priority areas, namely high, medium and low. The results are relevant for establishing soil and water conservation plans in the Soungrougrou basin, as well as adequate groundwater production and management. The high category (sub-basins 6, 8, 14, 17 and 18) is subject to maximum soil erosion, which requires immediate intervention to avoid possible natural hazards.

Flood hazard zoning in Ngan Sau, Ngan Pho river basin, Ha Tinh province using GIS and analytical hierarchical process

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-212
Author(s):  
Minh Dang Thi Tuyet
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Hazard Zoning ◽  
Hazard Zone ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Reliable Methods

This paper introduces the AHP method integrated with GIS technology to provide information for flood hazard analysis in the Ngan Sau and Ngan Pho river basins. The factors ìnluencing the occurrence of floods in a study area include slope, rainfall, drainage density, soil, relative slope length, and land cover. These data are used for establishing a flood hazard zone map in a GIS environment. The obtained results indicate that the two main causes of flooding are rainfall and slope with weights of 45% and 25.5%, respectively. The resultant map has shown about 82.78% of the total catchment area is having a high and very high probability of flood and areas under high flood hazard only covers 17.22% of the study area. The validation of the flood hazard zone map was conducted based on flood evens in the field. The results showed that the AHP technique and GIS are reliable methods for the assessment of the flood hazard potential, specifically in spare-data regions.

scholarly journals Morphometric Analyses of Osun Drainage Basin, Southwestern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinwumiju A. S. ◽  
Olorunfemi M. O.
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Stream Frequency ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Drainage Texture

This study evaluated some morphometric parameters with a view to assessing the infiltration potential of Osun Drainage Basin (ODB), Southwestern Nigeria. Input data were derived from SPOT DEM using ArcGIS 10.3 platform. ODB has an area extent of 2,208.18 km2, and is drained by 1,560 streams with total length of 2,487.7 km. The Relief Ratio (5.6) suggests that ODB is characterized by topographic high and topographic low. Thus, infiltration potential would be low as surface runoff would have less time to infiltrate before entering the drainage channels. The computed values of Drainage Texture (0.52), Stream Number (1,560), Total Stream Length (2,487.7 m) and Main Stream Length (119 m) indicate that larger percentage of annual rainwater would leave ODB as river discharge. Stream Frequency, Basin Perimeter, Length of Overland Flow and Drainage Density influence Infiltration Number across the basin. Infiltration Number increases with increasing Stream Frequency (r = 0.95) and Drainage Density (r = 0.78); and Length of Overland Flow increases with decreasing Drainage Density (r = -0.83), Stream Frequency (r = -0.51) and Infiltration Number (r = -0.45). The study concluded that basin’s infiltration potential is moderate as suggested by the mean Infiltration Number.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Potential Depending on Morphologic Analysis in East of Wasit, Southeastern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2D) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Shamkhi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Recharge Potential ◽  
The Third ◽  
Drainage Texture ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Semi Arid

Modern technologies are used for watershed management to cope with drought risks in arid and semi-arid regions. The study aimed to conduct a morphometric analysis and know potential groundwater recharge areas in the eastern region of Wasit Province. Remote sensing and GIS data were used for morphometric analysis. The morphometric analysis results adopted the Digital Elevation Model. The results of the analysis were verified by matching the results with what exists in reality. The area of the first basin was 1482.017, as it is the largest basin from the area, with a percent of 51.228% of the total area of all basins. The percentage of first-degree flows reached 83.37% in the first basin, 74.14% percent in the second basin, 75.51% in the third basin, and 75.75% in the fourth basin from all streams in each basin. The bifurcation rate (3.135-4.233), Stream frequency range values (0.543-0.332), drainage texture coarse, low drainage density that ranged between 0.986-1.14 km/km2 elongation ratio ranging from 0.348-0.624 form factor (0.095-0.316). The basins' circularity (0.105-0.238) relief value (951-112) m infiltration number value (0.369-0.535). All basins have a longitudinal shape and lead to the formation of floods and rapid currents, which exposes the region to rapid seasonal floods and the creation of flash floods that cause soil erosion and analyses the drainage intensity results. It was low, and this is an indication that the ground has high permeability. The flow frequency results indicate that the area is semi-arid and exposed to small amounts of rain and coarse drainage texture by comparing the result parameters from morphometric analysis results for each basin. The potential recharge areas of groundwater in the study area can be known, n as the analysis results showed that recharge potential occurs in all basins. The highest groundwater recharge is possible in the third basin and the lowest in the first basin. Morphometric analysis was performed by ARC-GIS(Arc-map10.4).

scholarly journals Hydrologic behaviour of Tapi river catchment using morphometric analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal K. Ingle ◽  
A. K. Mishra ◽  
A. Sarangi ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
V. K. Seghal
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Seventh Order ◽  
Drainage Texture

The study area Tapi River catchment covers 63,922.91 Sq.Km comprising of 5 five Sub-catchments: Purna river catchment (18,473.6 sq.km) Upper Tapi catchment (10,530.3 sq. km), Middle Tapi catchment (4,997.3 sq km), Girna river catchment (10,176.9 sq.km) and lower Tapi catchment (19,282.5 sq.km.). The drainage network of 5 Sub-catchments was delineated using remote sensing data. The morphometric analysis of 5 Sub-catchments has been carried out using GIS softwares – ArcMap. The drainage network showed that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream orders ranged from sixth to seventh order. Drainage density varied between 0.39 and 0.43km/ km2and had very coarse to coarse drainage texture. The relief ratio ranged from 0.003 to 0.007. The mean bifurcation ratio varied from 4.24 to 6.10 and falls under normal basin category. The elongation ratio showed that all catchment elongated pattern. Thus, the remote sensing techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis.

Morphometric Analysis of a Drainage Basin: A Study of Ghatganga River, Bajhang District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Sandeep Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Stream Frequency ◽  
Dominant Influence ◽  
Relief Ratio

This study attempts to study the morphometric characteristics of the Ghatganga basin by using Geographical information system (GIS). This analysis has shown that the relation of stream order (U) and stream number (Nu) which gives a negative linear pattern that order increases with a decreasing number of stream segment of a particular order. Different morphometric parameters such as stream length (Lu), bifurcation ratio (Rb), drainage density (D), stream frequency (Fs), texture ratio (T), elongation ratio (Re), circularity ratio (Rc), form factor ratio (Rf), relief ratio (Rh) and river profile have revealed the basin has a dendritic pattern of drainage, indicating high relief and steep ground slope with less elongated young and mature landforms in which geological structures don’t have a dominant influence on the basin.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Flash Flood-Prone Areas in Small Coastal Basins around the Mediterranean Using Geomorphological Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
V. A. Kotinas
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Coastal Basins ◽  
Drainage Texture

The present study aims to model flash flood risk in small coastal watersheds in areas that are characterized by Mediterranean climate through extensive morphometric analysis which can prove invaluable for the investigation of flood risk, in ungauged watersheds, where flash floods are frequent. The available topographic data (EU-DEM) are analyzed through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to produce all the secondary variables that are necessary for this morphometric analysis. Watershed prioritization techniques that are applied on geomorphological variables have proven to be an effective way of estimating the relative flash flood risk in a sub-watershed level. A series of morphometric parameters are used (bifurcation ratio, drainage frequency, drainage density, drainage texture, length of overland flow, circularity ratio, form factor, elongation ratio) which have an effect on flood risk. In small watersheds, with intermittent runoff, this effect can be different than in larger watersheds, so our methodology differs significantly from the methodology other researchers use. The compound factor is calculated by aggregating the assigned ranks of these morphometric indices and the sub-watersheds are prioritized according to their flash flood risk. The study area is located in the island of Samos, in Eastern Greece, where flood events are usual and pose a risk to villages and infrastructure around the island. The selected watershed (Imvrasos river) is divided into several sub-watersheds (W-1 to W-8) and a series of morphometric indices are calculated and evaluated through statistical procedures and by applying prioritization techniques, in order to locate the sub-basins that have the highest risk to flash floods. Sub-watersheds W-2 and W-3 (on the southern part of Imvrasos area) show the highest prioritization values, and should be prioritized for better watershed management planning.

Morphologic and Engineering Characteristics of East Wasit Watersheds Feeding the Al-Shewicha Trough in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Shamkhi ◽  
Jasim Mohammed Ridha Azee ◽  
Ali A. Abdul-Sahib
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
High Runoff ◽  
Group B

The Al-Shewicha Trough represents a serious flood hazard to Kut City (the capital of Wasit Province, Iraq) and to the other cities along the Tigris River downstream Kut Barrage, especially in heavy monsoon years. In this study, The Geographic Information System software ArcGIS was used in the morphologic analysis of six river basins that represent the main feeding sources for the Al-Shewicha Trough. The results revealed that the high values for the greatest length of Basins 1, 5, and 6 meant that these watersheds had high concentration time (tc) values, which delay peak flow. All basins consisted of very coarse and permeable subsurface strata that were of coarse texture. Circularity ratio form factor and elongation ratio suggested an elongated shape for all basins with lower peak flow and long duration. Analyses of soil data demonstrated that the soil type that covered a large area was loam soil (classified as hydrologic soil group B), which indicates that all basins had low permeability and high runoff. The predominant land use was bare soil, and all basins had a covering of poor vegetation, which highlighted the fact that basins were highly susceptible to erosion, thus resulting in the generation of higher sedimentation.

Integrated Geomorphological, Geospatial and AHP Technique for Groundwater Prospects Mapping in Basaltic Terrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi Mundalik ◽  
Clinton Fernandes ◽  
Ajaykumar Kadam ◽  
Bhavana Umrikar
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Basaltic Terrain ◽  
Thematic Layer ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Gis Environment

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in rural parts of India. Because of the increasing demand for water, it is essential to identify new sources for the sustainable development of this resource. The potential mapping and exploration of groundwater resources have become a breakthrough in the field of hydrogeological research. In the present paper, a groundwater prospects map is delineated for the assessment of groundwater availability in Kar basin on basaltic terrain, using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Various thematic layers such as geology, slope, soil, geomorphology, drainage density and rainfall are prepared using satellite data, topographic maps and field data. The ranks and weights were assigned to each thematic layer and various categories of those thematic layers using AHP technique respectively. Further, a weighted overlay analysis was performed by reclassifying them in the GIS environment to prepare the groundwater potential map of the study area. The results show that groundwater prospects map classified into three classes low, moderate and high having area 17.12%, 38.26%, 44.62%, respectively. The overlay map with the groundwater potential zones in the study area has been found to be helpful for better planning and managing the resources.

Geo-informatics based Morphometric Analysis of a Reservoir Catchment in Shivalik Foothills of North-West India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chand Singh ◽  
Rohit Singh ◽  
Abrar Yousuf ◽  
Vishnu Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Runoff Potential ◽  
Drainage Texture

The present study examined 35 morphometric parameters related to stream/drainage network, catchment geometry, and relief aspects for hydrological characterization of the Thana Dam catchment using geospatial tools and techniques. The dam catchment was delineated using the high-resolution Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in ArcGIS 10.4.1 software using the Arc Hydro tools. The catchment is comprised of 4th order stream, obtained using a stream threshold value of 100 m length. The lower values of elongation ratio (0.61), circularity ratio (0.22), and form factor (0.29) indicated higher soil erosion potential, mainly due to their inverse relationship with land erodibility. Moreover, the higher values of stream frequency (15.7), drainage density (>5.0), drainage texture (7.48 km-1), and mean bifurcation ratio (4.08-6.33) indicated higher runoff potential, which would intensify the soil erosion, mainly due to their direct relationship with erodibility. Bifurcation ratio, elongation ratio, circulatory ratio, form factor, altogether indicated an elongated shape of the catchment with a fine drainage texture. The higher values of bifurcation ratio and texture ratio of the catchment also indicated severe overland flow (low infiltration rate) with a limited scope for groundwater recharge in the area, which in turn might significantly encourage the soil erosion. Overall, it was concluded that the catchment has a huge runoff potential resulting in high soil erosion due to its fine texture, impermeable subsurface material, steep slope, low infiltration rate, limited vegetation, longer duration of overland flow, and higher surface runoff. The morphometric analysis was found to be suitable for identifying catchment shape and the factors affecting hydrologic conditions and erodibility of the catchment. Thus, Geo-informatics based morphometric analysis of a reservoir catchment can be useful to study the erosion potential in relation to hydrologic (rainfall-runoff relationship) and other related land characteristics (e.g., relief, slope, infiltration rate, etc.).

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