scholarly journals Evaluation of Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activity of Methanol Extract of Cousinia thomsonii against Cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Shafi Khan ◽  
Khalid Bashir ◽  
Naveed Gulzar ◽  
Yaseen Maqbool Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The present study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of Cousinia thomsonii (CT) extract in bone marrow cells of male wistar rats using some important parameters like micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MnPCE), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and polychromatic erythrocyte to normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE). 30 male rats of wistar strain were divided into 6 groups with 5 rats each group. Group 1 rats were taken as negative control having free access to distilled water and rat feed. Group 2 rats were taken as positive control treated with mutagen cyclophosphamide (CP) at dose of 60 mg/kg b wt. for 2 days. Group 3 and 4 were treated with CT extract at dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b wt. for 20 days. Group 5 and 6 were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b wt of CT extract for first 18 days and for last 2 days with CP at dose concentration of 60 mg/kg. It was found that rats treated with CT extract alone did not produce any significant changes in MnPCE, PCE/NCE ratio, CA and MI when compared with control treated rats (group 1). However in group 5 and 6 rats treated with CT extract in combination with CP a protective effect was observed against the cyclophosphamide induced cellular mutagenicity. In concluding remark Cousinia thomsonii was found to show antigenotoxic potential and also produce protective antimutagenic effects against CP induced chromosomal damage.

scholarly journals Effect of Trigonelline in a Model of Apoptosis in Rat Retina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevinç Arzu Postacı ◽  
Ülkü Çeliker ◽  
Nevin İlhan ◽  
Ferda Dağlı ◽  
Ali Dal
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of drop trigonelline and oral trigonelline (TG) treatment in a model of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal apoptosis in rat retina. To compare with brimonidine tartrate (BT) drops with known retinal neuroprotective activity.Methods: 42 Wistar Albino male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 each. No action was applied to Group 1. Group 2 (negative control) was given intravitreal Phosphate Bufferd Saline (PBS) on the first day of the experiment and did not receive any treatment. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were given intravitreal NMDA on the first day of the experiment. Group 3 (positive control) didn't receive post-injection treatment. For 21 days from the second day of the experiment, oral TG was given to group 4, TG drops were given group 5 and BT drops were given group 6. Histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed in all groups.Results: Severe retinal degeneration was observed in group 3 compared to group 2 (p<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (p>0.05). TUNEL, Brn3a and caspase3 staining in group 5 and group 6 were similar to group 2 (p>0.05). Group 5 and group 6 compared to group 3 were observed significant decrease in iNOS levels(p<0.05). Decreasing MDA levels and increasing SOD levels were detected in group 4,5,6 compared to group 3 (p<0.05).Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that TG drops showed similar retinal neuroprotective efficacy to BT drops.

scholarly journals Erectogenic Effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Extract in Normal and 5-Fluorouracil induced Oxidative Stressed Adult Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
O. Abimbola Akintemi ◽  
R. O. Babalola ◽  
S. O. Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5 ◽  
Thiol Level ◽  
Group 1

This study determined the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract from Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract (TVE) on the antioxidant status and activity of some penile function enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), adenosine diaminase (ADA), and arginase) activity in normal and 5- Fluorouracil- induced oxidative stressed rats. Sixty adult Wister rats (210-225)g were divided into ten (10) groups (n=6): Group 1: received oral administration  of normal saline (NC), Group 2: received 100 mg/kg of thyme extract orally (TE 100 mg/kg), Group 3: received 200 mg/kg of thyme extract orally (TE 200 mg/kg), rats in group four were treated with 400 mg/kg of thyme extract orally (TE 400 mg/kg), Those in group 5: received 25 mg/kg of Vitamin C orally, while group 6 to 10 were induced with 150 mg/kg of 5-Fluorouracil solution (5-FLU, i.p), but group 7-10 were treated 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and Vitamin C (25mg/kg), respectively. After fourteen (14) days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the penile tissue was carefully isolated and prepared into homogenate, which was used for antioxidant and enzymes biochemical analysis. The result revealed that i.p induction of 5-FLU caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde level, as well as AChE, ADA, PDE-5 and arginase activities wth concomitant decrease in thiol level when compared to control rats. However, the administration of TVE was found to reverse the effect of 5-FLU. The TVE was also found the reduced MDA level and all the enzyme activities, but boosted the thiol level in the normal rats when compared to control rats. Interestingly the effect of the TVE was found dose-dependently, and 400 mg/kg TVE was found to be more potent among all the doses used in both normal and 5-FLU-induced oxidative stress rats.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF MOUTH RINSE FORMULATION BASED ON CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE 0.1% IN THE CONTROL OF DENTAL CALCULUS BUILDUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Ayu Maharani ◽  
Alia Ramadhani ◽  
Melissa Adiatman ◽  
Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani ◽  
Linda Kusdhany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: This study aimed at comparing the antiplaque, anticalculus, and antigingivitis potentials of a mouth rinse containing essential oil, alcohol,zinc, and fluoride with a mouth rinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) 0.1% over 1-, 2-, and 3-month periods.Methods: This study was a double-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial with a 3-day run-in phase. Respondents were asked to gargle twice dailywith 15 ml of mouth rinse for 30 seconds after brushing teeth. Respondents were 80 females with a mean age of 21 years, and a single dental examinerwas employed throughout the study to decrease the variance. Prophylaxis was performed for all respondents before the intervention. Three mouthrinses were tested: Group 1 with the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1%, Group 2 as the negative control, and Group 3 as the positive control with amouth rinse containing alcohol. Evaluations were conducted by plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, and CariScreen examinations.Results: The clinical trial showed that the mouth rinse with alcohol and the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1% were effective in inhibiting bacterialbuildup (antiplaque) and have anticalculus properties, but with no statistically significant antigingivitis effect.Conclusion: It was found that the mouth rinse containing alcohol has similar effectiveness with CPC 0.1% mouth rinse, but side effects, such as aburning sensation, were reported in the alcohol-containing mouth rinse.

scholarly journals MAT, a Novel Polyherbal Aphrodisiac Formulation, Enhances Sexual Function and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway While Reducing Oxidative Damage in Male Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazim Sahin ◽  
Mehmet Tuzcu ◽  
Cemal Orhan ◽  
Hasan Gencoglu ◽  
Nurhan Sahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5

Mucuna pruriens, Ashwagandha, and Tribulus terrestris are known as the enhancers for sexual health, functional activities, vitality, and longevity. These herbs had been widely used in the Ayurveda medicine as aphrodisiacs through the ages, and their efficacy was also verified separately in our previous publication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of Mucuna, Ashwagandha, and Tribulus complexes on sexual function in rats. Twenty-eight male rats allocated to four groups as follows: (i) negative control (C); (ii) positive control or sildenafil citrate treated group (5 mg/kg) (S); (iii) MAT1 (combination of 10 mg Mucuna (M) + 10 mg Ashwagandha (A) + 10 mg Tribulus (T)/kg BW); (iv) MAT 2 (20 mg Mucuna + 20 mg Ashwagandha + 20 mg Tribulus/kg BW). There was no significant difference found between the MAT1 and MAT2 groups while they showed significantly increased testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels when compared to the negative control. Significant increases in Nrf2/HO1 levels and decreases in NF-κB were detected in MAT groups similar to the decrease in serum and testis malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as compared to both controls. The sperm motility, count, and rate also significantly improved in both MAT groups, while ALT, AST, creatinine, ALP, and urea levels did not change in any of the groups. Oral consumption of MATs combination in male rats resulted in inhibition of NF-κB and MDA and also increased sex hormones with Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction. MAT combinations may improve sexual functions by increasing levels of sexual hormones and regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Syzygium aromaticum (CLOVE) EFFECT ON CATALASE ACTIVITY DUE TO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT LIVER

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Ani Retno Prijanti ◽  
AA Hawali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Clove is known as antioxidant spice that used in cigarettes, spice for food/soup, and traditional medicine. It is believed that clove could protect smokers from cigarette-free radicals. Otherwise, study on clove as an antioxidant was still confused.Objective: To reveal that clove can overcome carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) and its free radical derivesMethod:  This study was an experimental research, using 20 Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups, Group 1 (CCl4 + cloves 3), group 2 (CCl4 + cloves 1), group 3 (normal control, without being offered treatment), group 4 (positive control, induced by CCl4 and followed by 100 mg alpha-tocopherol), and group 5 (negative control, only induced by CCl4). Rat livers were homogenized and followed with CAT activity measurement using spectrophotometry method of Mates.Results: There was a significant difference in mean between the groups (p= 0,001). Further test, the Post Hoc showed that there is a significance different between group 1 and 4 (p=0.008), 1 and 5 (p=0.001), 2 and 5 (p=0.001), 3 and 5 (p=0.001), and 4 and 5 (p=0.007). Group 1 (CCl4+Clove3) has the highest catalase activity.Conclusion: Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oral administration with the dose of 200 mg/kg rat body weight against 0.55 mg/kgBW CCl4 show increased of catalase activity but did not overcome the oxidative stress.

scholarly journals NEW MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF CEFTAZIDIME-INDUCED HUMAN RED BLOOD CELL HEMOLYSIS THROUGH THE PHOTOHEMOLYSIS REACTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mashuri Mashuri ◽  
Achmad Zaini ◽  
Diana Rahmanisa ◽  
Muhammad Rifqi Alfiannoor ◽  
Muhammad Rosyhan Sanjaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the photohemolysis reaction through photosensitization reaction by ceftazidime as a photosensitizer in human red blood cell (RBC).Methods: In this present study, human erythrocytes have used a sample. The sample then divided into six groups consisting of Group 1 (T1) served a negative control which consists of erythrocytes and buffers phosphate with pH 6.8; Group 2 (T2) served as a positive control which consists erythrocytes and buffers phosphate with pH 6.8 and exposed to UV-light; and Group 3, 4, 5, and 6 (T3, T4, T5, and T6) served as an experimental group which consists of erythrocytes, buffer phosphate with pH 6.8, ceftazidime with concentration 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively, and also exposed to UV-light. UV-light exposure was done in 2 h. After the treatment period, the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conjugated diene (CD), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and percentage of RBC hemolysis (RBCH) were measured.Results: The results of this present studies showed that ceftazidime significantly increases the levels of H2O2, CD, AOPPs, and percentage of RBCH during the UV radiation.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ceftazidime acts as a photosensitizer and induced the photohemolysis reaction in human RBC. Furthermore, the hemolysis of RBC seems through the protein damage than lipid damage.

Delayed onset of paralysis and slowed tumor growth following in situ placement of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 within spine tumors in a rat model of metastatic breast cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo A. Molina ◽  
Rachel Sarabia-Estrada ◽  
Ziya L. Gokaslan ◽  
Timothy F. Witham ◽  
Ali Bydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Spine Tumor ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Bovine Collagen ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Recombinant Human Bone ◽  
Group 1

ObjectRecombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) are FDA-approved for specific spinal fusion procedures, but their use is contraindicated in spine tumor resection beds because of an unclear interaction between tumor tissue and such growth factors. Interestingly, a number of studies have suggested that BMPs may slow the growth of adenocarcinomas in vitro, and these lesions represent the majority of bony spine tumors. In this study, the authors hypothesized that rhBMP-2 placed in an intraosseous spine tumor in the rat could suppress tumor and delay the onset of paresis in such animals.MethodsTwenty-six female nude athymic rats were randomized into an experimental group (Group 1) or a positive control group (Group 2). Group 1 (tumor + 15 μg rhBMP-2 sponge,13 rats) underwent transperitoneal exposure and implantation of breast adenocarcinoma (CRL-1666) into the L-6 spine segment, followed by the implantation of a bovine collagen sponge impregnated with 15 μg of rhBMP-2. Group 2 (tumor + 0.9% NaCl sponge, 13 rats) underwent transperitoneal exposure and tumor implantation in the lumbar spine but no local treatment with rhBMP-2. An additional 8 animals were randomized into 2 negative control groups (Groups 3 and 4). Group 3 (15 μg rhBMP-2 sponge, 4 rats) and Group 4 (0.9% NaCl sponge, 4 rats) underwent transperitoneal exposure of the lumbar spine along with the implantation of rhBMP-2– and saline-impregnated bovine collagen sponges, respectively. Neither of the negative control groups was implanted with tumor. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to monitor daily motor function regression and the time to paresis (BBB score ≤ 7).ResultsIn comparison with the positive control animals (Group 2), the experimental animals (Group 1) had statistically significant longer mean (25.8 ± 12.2 vs 13 ± 1.4 days, p ≤ 0.001) and median (20 vs 13 days) times to paresis. In addition, the median survival time was significantly longer in the experimental animals (20 vs 13.5 days, p ≤ 0.0001). Histopathological analysis demonstrated bone growth and tumor inhibition in the experimental animals, whereas bone destruction and cord compression were observed in the positive control animals. Neither of the negative control groups (Groups 3 and 4) demonstrated any evidence of neurological deterioration, morbidity, or cord compromise on either gross or histological analysis.ConclusionsThis study shows that the local administration of rhBMP-2 (15 μg, 10 μl of 1.5-mg/ml solution) in a rat spine tumor model of breast cancer not only fails to stimulate local tumor growth, but also decreases local tumor growth and delays the onset of paresis in rats. This preclinical experiment is the first to show that the local placement of rhBMP-2 in a spine tumor bed may slow tumor progression and delay associated neurological decline.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Bioactivity of Two Bioceramic Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Margarita Trujillo-Hernández ◽  
Rebeca E. Flores-Ventura ◽  
Angélica Suárez-Porras MSc ◽  
Leandro García-González PhD ◽  
Julián Hernández-Torres PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Human Dentine ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Calcium silicate-based materials have been shown to be bioactive due to their ability to produce biologically compatible carbonated apatite. The objective of this study was to analyze the bioactivity of Biodentine ™ and MTA Repair HP® in contact with human dentine discs, which were sealed and divided randomly to form four groups: group 1 Biodentine™, group 2 MTA Repair HP®, positive control group MTA Angelus® and negative control group IRM®, which were incubated in PBS solution for 10 days, for a subsequent analysis by means of MEB-EDS and Raman spectroscopy. The three calcium-based materials analyzed in this study proved to be bioactive because upon contact with a phosphate-based solution they were triggered at the onset of amorphous calcium phosphate, as the precursor during the formation of carbonated apatite.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUSU BEKATUL TERHADAP KONSENTRASI KOLESTEROL DAN TRIGLISERIDAPADA TIKUS PUTIH WISTAR DIABETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimah ◽  
Saifuddin Sirajuddin ◽  
Zainal Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT In diabetics there is usually an increase in free fatty acids in the blood and increases the concentration of cholecerols and triglycerides, this condition is called diabetes dyshidemia. This study aimed to find out at the effect of bran milk treatment on the changes of the concetration of cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetetic white wistar rats. Conducted on May 15 until 15 August 2018. Experimental research pre-post test with control design. Subjects of twenty wistar white rats were made diabetic by injecting alloxan 140mg / kg. After being declared diabetic, the rats were divided into four groups, namely group 1 (negative control), group 2 (positive control), group 3 (bran milk 0.54g / 200 gr) and group 4 (bran milk 1.08g / 200gr). The intervention was given for fourteen days. The data analysis used the paired T-test to test the subject before and afterthe treatment and the One-Way ANOVA test was used to test the difference between the groups. The research results indicated that  the treatment with bran milk there were no significant differences in cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the four groups. But when viewed from changes before and after the intervention showed that group 4 (bran milk 1.08g / 200gr) decreased cholesterol concentration and in group 3 (bran milk 0.54g / 200gr) a decrease in triglycerides was better than group 1 (control negative) and group 2 (positive control). It was concluded that the administration of bran milk can reduce the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in wistar diabetic white rats.Keywords : Bran milk, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Rats, Diabetic

scholarly journals LAXATIVE EFFECT OF GREEN GEDI LEAVES INFUSES (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) ON MALE WHITE MICE (Mus musculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Vania Rarasati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Laxative Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract. Background: Gedi plant (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) of the Malvaceae family is a plant which leaf is used by peoples for the treatment of several illnesses such as constipation. Purpose: To investigate the laxative activity of green gedi leaves infuses (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) on male white mice.Method: This study is an experimental study. Mice were divided in 5 groups of 6 animals each, first group as negative control (CMC Na 0.5%) while group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with green gedi leaves infuses (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) at doses of 130, 260 and 520 mg/kgBW, per as respectively and group 5 as positive control (bisacodyl). The laxative activity was determined based on the frequency of defecation, weight of feces and consistency of feces.Results: It is found that 520 mg/kgBW dose has the highest mean of defecating frequency (7.17) and 260 mg/kgBW dose has the highest mean of feces weight (0.20). Statically however, there is no significant difference between the groups overall with p value of 0.132 and 0.246 for defecating frequency and feces weight respectively. There is no difference between the groups in term of feces consistency with both not defecating and hard feces.Conclusion: The research concludes that there is no significant laxative activity between each groups after administration of several dosages in 6 hours on mice thus the use of green gedi leaves as laxative in society can not be proven empirically in the laboratory.Keywords: gedi leaf, Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik, laxative effect, constipation

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