scholarly journals CSCI/RCPSC Henry Friesen Lecture: The Past and the Future of Neurogenetics

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Guy Rouleau ◽  
Inge Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
William Osler ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

“To wrest from nature the secrets which have perplexed philosophers in all ages, to track to their sources the cause of disease … these are our ambitions” - Sir William Osler The main aim in neurogenetics is to characterize and understand the genetic causes underlying neurological diseases. Over time, progress has been made in several aspects of neurogenetics. In fact, the evolution of neurogenetics largely resembles the steps currently undertaken when executing a neurogenetics study. These steps include identification of a disease in a family, clinical description and characterization of the family, genetic analysis, and finally understanding the function of the causative gene. Along those lines, the evolution of neurogenetics could be divided in four eras namely the descriptive, the medical technological, the molecular genetics and the personalized medicine era.

scholarly journals Viruses and Virus Diseases of Rubus

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Martin ◽  
Stuart MacFarlane ◽  
Sead Sabanadzovic ◽  
Diego Quito ◽  
Bindu Poudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Made In

Blackberry and raspberry are members of the family Rosaceae. They are classified in the genus Rubus, which comprises hundreds of species and has a center of origin in the Far East. Rubus is divided into 15 subgenera with blackberries classified in the Rubus (formerly Eubatus) and raspberries in the Idaeobatus subgenera. Rubus species are propagated vegetatively and are subject to infection by viruses during development, propagation, and fruit production stages. Reports of initial detection and symptoms of more than 30 viruses, virus-like diseases, and phytoplasmas affecting Rubus spp. were reviewed more than 20 years ago. Since the last review on Rubus viruses, significant progress has been made in the molecular characterization of many of the viruses that infect Rubus spp. Currently, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction detection methods are available for most of the viruses known to infect Rubus. The goals of this article are to update the knowledge on previously characterized viruses of Rubus, highlight recently described viruses, review the virus-induced symptoms, describe the advances made in their detection, and discuss our knowledge about several virus complexes that cause serious diseases in Rubus. Virus complexes have been identified recently as the major cause of diseases in blackberries and raspberries.

scholarly journals Personalized Medicine in Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Molecular Alteration ◽  
New Era ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Current and emerging biomedical science efforts are driven by determining how to improve clini-cal outcomes for patients. High-throughput tech-nology has revolutionized the area of transla-tional research, confirming the high complexity and heterogeneity of common diseases, partic-ularly cancer. Therefore, moving from ‘classic’ single-gene-based molecular investigation to molecular network research might result in dis-covering clinical implications faster and more efficiently .Molecular characterization of tumour cells enables refinement of classifications for many cancers and can sometimes guide treatment. Malignant diseases are no longer classified only by tumour site and histology but are separated into various homogenous molecular subtypes, distinguished by a presumed key molecular alteration. Therapies for patients with cancer have changed gradually over the past decade, moving away from the administration of broadly acting cytotoxic drugs towards the use of more-specific therapies that are targeted to each tumour. To facilitate this shift, tests need to be developed to identify those individuals who require therapy and those who are most likely to benefit from certain therapies. In particular, tests that predict the clinical outcome for patients on the basis of the genes expressed by their tumours are likely to increasingly affect patient management, heralding a new era of personalized medicine. In this review a brief discussion on definition and molecular aspects of personalized medicine and its practical application for the management of common solid cancers are highlighted.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 153-163

scholarly journals Secret Sharing Schemes on Sparse Homogeneous Access Structures with Rank Three

10.37236/1825 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Martí-Farré ◽  
Carles Padró
Keyword(s):  
Secret Sharing ◽  
Access Structure ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Access Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ideal Access Structures ◽  
Optimal Information ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal

One of the main open problems in secret sharing is the characterization of the ideal access structures. This problem has been studied for several families of access structures with similar results. Namely, in all these families, the ideal access structures coincide with the vector space ones and, besides, the optimal information rate of a non-ideal access structure is at most $2/3$. An access structure is said to be $r$-homogeneous if there are exactly $r$ participants in every minimal qualified subset. A first approach to the characterization of the ideal $3$-homogeneous access structures is made in this paper. We show that the results in the previously studied families can not be directly generalized to this one. Nevertheless, we prove that the equivalences above apply to the family of the sparse $3$-homogeneous access structures, that is, those in which any subset of four participants contains at most two minimal qualified subsets. Besides, we give a complete description of the ideal sparse $3$-homogeneous access structures.

Physical characterization of HfO2deposited on Ge substrates by MOCVD.

2004 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Van Elshocht ◽  
B. Brijs ◽  
M. Caymax ◽  
T. Conard ◽  
S. De Gendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
High K ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTGermanium is because of its intrinsically higher mobility than Si, currently under consideration as an alternative approach to improve transistor performance. Germanium oxide, however, is thermodynamically unstable, preventing formation of the gate dielectric by simple oxidation. At present, high-k dielectrics might be considered as an enabling technology as much progress has been made in the deposition of thin high-quality layers.In this paper, we study the growth and physical properties of HfO2 deposited on Ge by MOCVD, using TDEAH and O2 as precursors, and compare the results to similar layers deposited on silicon substrates. Our results show that the physical properties of MOCVD-deposited HfO2 layers on Ge are very similar to what we have observed in the past for Si. Unfortunately, some of the negative aspects observed for Si, such as diffusion of substrate material in the high-k layer, a low density for thinner layers, or a rough top surface, are also observed for the case of Ge. However, careful surface pretreatments such as NH3 annealing the Ge substrate prior to deposition, can greatly improve the physical properties. An important observation is the very thin interfacial layer between HfO2 and Ge substrate, allowing a more aggressive scaling for Ge.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the genome mining of Aspergillus secondary metabolites (covering 2012–2018)

MedChemComm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Romsdahl ◽  
Clay C. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

This review covers advances made in genome mining SMs produced by Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus in the past six years (2012–2018). Genetic identification and molecular characterization of SM biosynthetic gene clusters, along with proposed biosynthetic pathways, is discussed in depth.

Calcium Orthophosphate Bioceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 57-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Dorozhkin
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Calcium Orthophosphate ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Calcium Orthophosphates ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Compositional Control ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Ceramics used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the musculo-skeletal system, termed bioceramics, can be bioinert, bioresorbable and bioactive, as well as porous for tissue ingrowth. This review is devoted to calcium orthophosphates, which belong to the categories of bioresorbable and bioactive bioceramics. There have been a number of major advances made in this field during the past 30 – 40 years. From initial work on development of bioceramics that were tolerated in the physiological environment, emphasis has now shifted towards the use of bioceramics that interact with bone tissue by forming a direct bond. By structural and compositional control, it is now possible to choose whether the bioceramics of calcium orthophosphates are biologically stable once incorporated within the skeletal structure or whether they are resorbed over time. Current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery.

The characterization of eutectic structures

1973 ◽  
Vol 335 (1600) ◽  
pp. 15-37 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Eutectic Growth ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Made In

Many attempts have been made in the past to bring order to the near-bewildering array of eutectic morphologies. These have met with limited success due mainly to the fact that the morphology of a particular eutectic may be highly dependent on both chemical composition and the rate of freezing. This paper shows for binary alloys, at least, that a more complete understanding of eutectic growth may be obtained by applying a few simple ‘rules’. With these it is possible to so characterize eutectic growth that the unknown structure of a particular eutectic may be prodicted at a given growth rate if the entropy of solution and re­lative volume of each phase are known. The characterization scheme embraces the growth behaviour of the thirty or so systems for which thermodynamic data are more readily available.

scholarly journals Профілактика міксоматозу кролів

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
N. Kos'yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
High Level ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Made In

Rabbits Myxomatosis – highly contagious disease, which pathogen are epiteliotrophic virus from the family Poxviridae. The rapid spread of the disease contributes people's ignorance in realization of zoohygienic, veterinary and sanitary preventive measures during rabbit farming and breeding. Now, effective treatments against Rabbits Myxomatosis isn’t be in existence yet. Therefore, you must implement follow zoohygienic, veterinary and sanitary preventive measures: – to put on-time routine vaccination of all livestock rabbits. Rabbits vaccinated in month age old, in hazardous areas – in 28-th day age old, revaccination realized in 3 months. It is necessary to do the vaccination before the mass insects fly, the best is during late April – early May; – to conduct disinfections, disinsections and deratizations measures of animal buildings; – to conduct measures of manure decontamination (by biotermal way, to the liquid fraction – use follow chemicals: formaldehyde, bleaching powder) – to apply repellents – substances that repel insects (oksamat, benzymin (hexamid) and diethyltoluamid (DEET); – to be consistent with the principle «All Empty – All Occupation», which makes it possible to do preventive breaks, sanitary measures, maintenances and disinfection of animals buildings; – to conduct complex of disease epizootic data diagnostics with regard of: seasonality, the activity of blood-sucking insects, cases in the past, mass disease. There are use the living cultural lyophilized vaccine against Rabbits Myxomatosis in order to prevent disease in the Ukraine, which made in Ukraine and abroad. Currently, LLC «BIOTESTLAB» developed a live vaccine against Rabbits Myxomatosis - Lapinum Mix and Lapinum Hemix (complex against Rabbits Haemorrhagic Disease and Rabbits Myxomatosis). Lapinum lines vaccines provide rapid immune response and long protection against diseases. Tests showed high level of the rabbit blood antibodies from 4-th day of vaccination. In the production of vaccines used same completely homologous Ukrainian virus strains which effective vaccination guarantee.

scholarly journals Emergent processes in cognitive-emotional interactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Anatomical Evidence ◽  
Made In

Emotion and cognition have been viewed as largely separate entities in the brain. Within this framework, significant progress has been made in understanding specific aspects of behavior. Research in the past two decades, however, has started to paint a different picture of brain organization, one in which network interactions are key to understanding complex behaviors. From both basic and clinical perspectives, the characterization of cognitive-emotional interactions constitutes a fundamental issue in the investigation of the mind and brain. This review will highlight the interactive and integrative potential that exists in the brain to bring together the cognitive and emotional domains. First, anatomical evidence will be provided, focusing on structures such as hypothalamus, basal forebrain, amygdala, cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. Data on functional interactions will then be discussed, followed by a discussion of a dual competition framework, which describes cognitive-emotional interactions in terms of perceptual and cognitive competition mechanisms.

Physical characterization of HfO2 deposited on Ge substrates by MOCVD

2004 ◽  
Vol 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Van Elshocht ◽  
B. Brijs ◽  
M. Caymax ◽  
T. Conard ◽  
S. De Gendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
High K ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTGermanium is because of its intrinsically higher mobility than Si, currently under consideration as an alternative approach to improve transistor performance. Germanium oxide, however, is thermodynamically unstable, preventing formation of the gate dielectric by simple oxidation. At present, high-k dielectrics might be considered as an enabling technology as much progress has been made in the deposition of thin high-quality layers.In this paper, we study the growth and physical properties of HfO2 deposited on Ge by MOCVD, using TDEAH and O2 as precursors, and compare the results to similar layers deposited on silicon substrates. Our results show that the physical properties of MOCVDdeposited HfO2 layers on Ge are very similar to what we have observed in the past for Si. Unfortunately, some of the negative aspects observed for Si, such as diffusion of substrate material in the high-k layer, a low density for thinner layers, or a rough top surface, are also observed for the case of Ge. However, careful surface pretreatments such as NH3 annealing the Ge substrate prior to deposition, can greatly improve the physical properties. An important observation is the very thin interfacial layer between HfO2 and Ge substrate, allowing a more aggressive scaling for Ge.

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