Technical characteristics of modern skin personal protective equipment against adverse impacts of various hazards

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
L. A. Tarasov ◽  
A. A. Sukhova ◽  
E. A. Shtukina
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Research University ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Emergency Situations

Relevance. Human industrial and economic activities and the related problem of emergency situations over the past decades require the new generation of skin personal protective equipment (PPE) with improved protective and ergonomic characteristics.Intention – To present technical and ergonomic characteristics of protective materials and modern skin PPE developed at the Kazan Chemical Research University.Methodology. Technical and ergonomic characteristics of universal protective insulating material LTL-1-2 and chemical protective fabrics FCM-P and TL-3 developed by employees the Kazan Chemical Research University are presented.Results and Discussion. According to the principle of protective action and the type of materials they are made of, there are filtering or insulating types of skin PPE. Insulating PPE is made of airtight materials (rubberized fabrics, polymer films) with extremely slow penetration of toxic and aggressive substances (both gaseous and liquid phases). Filtering PPE helps against chemical hazards (vapors, gases, fine aerosols and various types of dust). Air and vapor permeable materials are used for manufacturing special clothes against physical hazards (open flames, high-energy electromagnetic radiation, heat flows, etc.). Filtering PPE is normally used for routine operations in industries where exposure to harmful and dangerous factors is possible, or for accidents in areas that exclude exposure to the liquid phase. A fundamentally new combination type of skin PPE has protective properties of both categories.Conclusion. Modern protective materials and PPE made of these materials provide high protection, from a technical and ergonomics point of view, against various hazards for personnel of chemically hazardous industrial facilities.

New requirements for power frequency electric field and induced current personal protective equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 849-852
Author(s):  
Sergey Yu. Perov ◽  
Tatyana A. Konshina ◽  
Elena N. Makarova-Zemlyanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Step Voltage ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Staff Protection ◽  
Frequency Electric Field

In conditions of exceeding the maximum permissible levels of power frequency electric field, the staff must use personal protective equipment. Requirements for such means are regulated by the system of occupational safety standards. The goal of this work is analyzed new requirements for power frequency and induced personal protective equipment in the regulatory interstate standards GOST 12.4.172 and GOST 12.4.283. The personal protective equipment new requirements for various types of work are substantiated to electrical personnel health safety during the maintenance and operation of power grid facilities. Increasing requirements for personal protective equipment improves the staff protection at ground potential and at wire potential, including in emergency situations such as induced and step voltage.

scholarly journals Problems of Development and Implementation of Personal Protection Equipment for Personnel of Radiation and Chemical Hazardous Facilities, Emergency and Rescue Teams and Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
V.I. Rubtsov ◽  
◽  
G.A. Novikov ◽  
A.N. Timoshenko ◽  
G.P. Prostakishin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Influence Area

The article presents a brief review of the activities of the laboratory "Personal protection equipment for the personnel of hazardous production facilities" for creation of the regulatory-legal and regulatory-methodological support system for personal protection of the personnel of radiation and chemical hazardous facilities, of regular and non-staff emergency rescue teams of Rosatom State Corporation and of FMBA of Russia as well as of the population living in the influence area of the mentioned facilities. The issues of standardization and certification of personal protective equipment at NPPs and in the field of atomic energy use — both in the normal operation mode of dangerous objects, and in emergency situations of peace and war time are considered. The problems arising in the implementation of innovative personal protective equipment, primarily due to international obligations, are shown.

scholarly journals GENERALIZATION OF EXPERT PRACTICE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CERTAIN TYPES OF MILITARY PROPERTY – FLAK JACKETS

2019 ◽  
pp. 772-783
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Expert Practice

The article presents the results of the generalization of expert practice in determining the market value of personal protective equipment for servicemen, namely, flak jackets of different protection classes. The need to calculate the market value of military property is a key task in determining the material damage caused to the state, as a result of negligence towards the entrusted military property or its intentional damage or theft, as well as the destruction during a combat engagement with the enemy. In the course of consideration of this topic, the authors made a compact description of the design of flak jackets on the main types, different classes of protection, with examples of typical samples for each type of personal protective equipment. The basic classifiers used by manufacturers of flak jackets all over the world are given. The possible ways of selection of analogue for the assessed personal protective equipment, price information in the domestic market of Ukraine is absent, but a conditional comparison of protection classes relative to the national classifier is given. On the example of the described classification systems the substantiation of impossibility from the technical point of view, absolute comparison of flak jackets protection classes of different manufacturers is given. In addition, there is a brief description of the most common synthetic materials that are used in the manufacture of standard flak jackets (outer covers, inner frame, fillers and additional ballistic packages) with the indication of their basic physical properties and description of the features in different environmental conditions (humidity temperature, intensity of ultraviolet exposure). Taking into account the analysis of the information from open sources, as well as the information provided by national manufacturers, it is necessary bear in mind the degree of wear and tear of a particular product depending on the actual period of operation of the investigated object in specific operating conditions – in the area of combat or in the rear. There is also a variant of possible definition of the market value of personal protection equipment, the appointed resource of which has expired, is also given, however they are used not by armies, but by individuals for their intended purpose. Key words: military property, expert assessment, flak jackets.

scholarly journals A Web Survey to Evaluate the Thermal Stress Associated with Personal Protective Equipment among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy †

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Alessandro Messeri ◽  
Michela Bonafede ◽  
Emma Pietrafesa ◽  
Iole Pinto ◽  
Francesca de’Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
The Impact

The pandemic has been afflicting the planet for over a year and from the occupational point of view, healthcare workers have recorded a substantial increase in working hours. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), necessary to keep safe from COVID-19 increases the chances of overheating, especially during the summer seasons which, due to climate change, are becoming increasingly warm and prolonged. A web survey was carried out in Italy within the WORKLIMATE project during the summer and early autumn 2020. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate differences between groups. 191 questionnaires were collected (hospital doctor 38.2%, nurses 33.5%, other healthcare professionals 28.3%). The impact of PPE on the thermal stress perception declared by the interviewees was very high on the body areas directly covered by these devices (78% of workers). Workers who used masks for more than 4 h per day perceived PPE as more uncomfortable (p < 0.001) compared to the others and reported a greater productivity loss (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the study highlighted a high perception of thermal stress among healthcare workers that worn COVID-19-PPE and this enhances the need for appropriate heat health warning systems and response measures addressed to the occupational sector.

scholarly journals A Polifonia do Uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual do Coletor de Lixo Domiciliar de Macapá-AP

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hênyo Hytallus Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Garbage Collection ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Labor Safety

A POLIFONIA DO USO DOS EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL DO COLETOR DE LIXO DOMICILIAR DE MACAPÁ-AP  THE POLYPHONY OF THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OF THE HOUSEHOLD GARBAGE COLLECTOR OF MACAPÁ-AP Hênyo Hytallus Andrade* RESUMO: O artigo analisa os discursos polifônicos que se imbricam ou se sobrepõem ao se tratar do uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual para a saúde e segurança laboral. Assim, essas vozes se apresentam sob o ponto de vista do discurso da legislação, dos trabalhadores coletores de lixo domiciliar de Macapá e da empresa de limpeza urbana. Utilizou-se um método dedutivo e pesquisas em documentos históricos e bibliográficos para traçar o embasamento teórico, bem como a análise do discurso com base nas concepções polifônicas de Mikhail Bakthin. Também foi necessária a pesquisa de campo na empresa de limpeza urbana de Macapá, com aplicação de questionários com perguntas fechadas para um quantitativo de 53 obreiros, e perguntas abertas para a empresa. A partir da análise polifônica das vozes envolvidas no presente estudo, infere-se que nem sempre tais vozes defendem um único ponto de vista, podendo conflitar ou até mesmo auxiliar na (re)invenção de um discurso de uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI) que não reflete a real preocupação com os princípios constitucionais da dignidade da pessoa humana e do valor social do trabalho, mas, porém, o interesse capitalista em manter a produtividade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI). Saúde e Segurança Laboral. Trabalhador Coletor de Lixo Domiciliar. Polifonia. ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the polyphonic discourses that imbricate or overlap, when it is approached the use of personal protective equipment for health and labor safety. So, these voices are presented from the point of view of the discourse of legislation, of the household garbage collection workers from Macapa, and of the urban cleaning company. We used a deductive method and researches on historical and bibliographical documents to outline the theoretical foundation, as well as discourse analysis based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s polyphonic conceptions. Fieldwork in the urban cleaning company from Macapa, with questionnaires with closed questions for a quantitative staff of 53 workers, and open questions for the company was also required. From the polyphonic analysis of the voices involved in this study, it appears that not always such voices advocate a single point of view, and they may conflict or even assist in the (re)invention of a discourse for the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that does not reflect the real concern with the constitutional principles of human dignity and social value of work, but yet, the capitalist interest in maintaining productivity. KEYWORDS: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Health and Labor Safety. Household Garbage Collection Worker. Polyphony.* Mestre em Direito Ambiental e Políticas Públicas pela Fundação Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP). Pró-Reitor de Gestão de Pessoas da Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP).  

Research of protective and operational properties of sorption-filtering textile material

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Irina I. Morozova ◽  
Natalia V. Tikhonova ◽  
Yulia A. Timoshina ◽  
Emil F. Voznesensky
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Nonwoven Material ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Spherical Activated Carbon

The article presents the results of a study on the functionalisation of synthetic textile materials with spherical activated carbon using an adhesive to create personal protective equipment based on Russian components. These materials are of particular relevance in the production of sorption and filtering personal protective equipment, which must have, along with high protective characteristics, high performance properties, vapour and air permeability. In the course of the work, the influence of the plasma of a capacitive high-frequency and low-pressure discharge on the modification of the base material was investigated. It has been proven that plasma treatment of polyester nonwoven material accelerates sorption processes, ensures uni-form coverage of fibres with a binder, which allows maintaining the material's air permeability. The results of studies of the material for the time of protective action on ammonia demonstrated the prospects for the development of Russian sorption-filtering textile material on a non-woven polyester base with a monolayer of granular activated carbon fixed on a polymer binder.

scholarly journals in Design for the health emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Maria Antonietta Sbordone ◽  
Barbara Pizzicato ◽  
Gabriele Pontillo ◽  
Alessandra De Luca ◽  
Carmela Ilenia Amato
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Individual Protection

The Pandemic has forced change, raising questions about design models, business models, incentives and community education. The urgency of containment measures has redefined the role of health and highlighted the role of Design, which is involved in emergency situations, in designing the universe of protective devices, intervening with Human Centered Design approaches, proposing shared strategies that translate the knowledge and experience of the most advanced research into products. The case study collects the results obtained from the elaboration of the research project financed by the Campania Region, “Smart&Safe. Design for new personal protective equipment” submitted to the call for the acquisition of research and development services for the fight against Covid-19. The research constitutes a substantial study of the problems related to health emergencies and proposes an update in the redesign of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), now in a plural Intelligent Individual Protection System (IIPS), which determine a relational system of integrated protection.

In situ TEM studies of irradiation effects for materials improvement

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Analytical Tools

Irradiation effects studies employing TEMs as analytical tools have been conducted for almost as many years as materials people have done TEM, motivated largely by materials needs for nuclear reactor development. Such studies have focussed on the behavior both of nuclear fuels and of materials for other reactor components which are subjected to radiation-induced degradation. Especially in the 1950s and 60s, post-irradiation TEM analysis may have been coupled to in situ (in reactor or in pile) experiments (e.g., irradiation-induced creep experiments of austenitic stainless steels). Although necessary from a technological point of view, such experiments are difficult to instrument (measure strain dynamically, e.g.) and control (temperature, e.g.) and require months or even years to perform in a nuclear reactor or in a spallation neutron source. Consequently, methods were sought for simulation of neutroninduced radiation damage of materials, the simulations employing other forms of radiation; in the case of metals and alloys, high energy electrons and high energy ions.

Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz S. Freudenberg ◽  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Ken Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. Materials and Methods A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. Results 113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97 %) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are –14.4 %, –47.2 %, –47.5 %, –40.7 %, –58.4 %, and –25.2 % respectively. Furthermore, 76 % of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8 %) and radiosynoviorthesis (–53.8 %) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48 % of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. Conclusions Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions.

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