scholarly journals Analysis of Flavonids and Terpenoids in Ethanol Extract of Colocasia esculenta L. (Schoot) Stalk and Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Erni Rustiani ◽  
Aulia Fitriani ◽  
Sri Wardatun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Central America ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Marker Compounds

Colocasia esculenta L. (Schoot) is a widely used plant in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Central America. The parts of the Colocasia plant that can be used are the tubers, stalks, and leaves. There has not been much research on the content of this plant. The study aims to determine the flavonoids and terpenoids in the ethanol extract of Colocasia stalk and leaves. The maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent and drying with vacuum evaporator. Determination of flavonoid levels based on quercetin marker compounds using AlCl3 reagent by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The terpenoid levels were carried out gravimetrically with petroleum ether as a solvent. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Colocasia stalk and leaf contained flavonoids, respectively 3.18 +0.0581% and 4.33 +0.0285%, while the results of the terpenoid levels for stalks were 7.10 +0.0676% and leaves were 8.39 +0.0023%.

Determination of Hexachlorobenzene and Mirex in Fatty Products

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-561
Author(s):  
Rodney L Bong
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Fat Injection ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Ppm Level

Abstract A procedure is described for the isolation and cleanup of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex in fats and oils for gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis. The fat or oil is distributed on unactivated Florisil, and the HCB and mirex are eluted with acetonitrile. The pesticides are then partitioned into petroleum ether. Elution through activated Florisil with methylene chloride-hexane (20+80) is used for the final cleanup. HCB and mirex are then measured by GLC, using the appropriate electron capture conditions with a 15% OV-210 column for HCB and a 3% OV-101 column for mirex. The method demonstrates recoveries greater than 90% for HCB and mirex and allows screening at or below the 0.1 ppm level in fats with a 3 mg fat injection.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% BATANG KEPUH (Sterculia foetida L.)

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
N. P. S. E. Cahyani ◽  
J. Susiarni ◽  
K. C.S. Dewi ◽  
N. L.P. Melyandari ◽  
K. W.A. Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Solvent Content ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Ethanol Level ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Kepuh (Sterculia foetida L) is a type of kapok plant that has been scientifically proven to have activity as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic. 70% ethanol extract of stem stem is obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem included organoleptic, of moisture content and determination of residual solvent content. Phytochemical screening of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh bark includes: alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin , polyphenol, and examination of glycosides. The results of the examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem obtained water content of 8.66 ± 0.748%, the residual content of the solvent had a 0 (zero) ethanol level. The results of phytochemical screening showed 70% ethanol extract of stem stem containing steroid compounds, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. The identification using UV-Vis spectrophotometry produced ? 212, the absorbance was 1.8601 and ? 284, the absorbance was 0.42186.

Examination of Silk Fibers from a Deep Ocean Site: SEM, EDS, & DSC

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srjnivasan ◽  
K. A. Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Central America ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Silk Fibers ◽  
Melting Endotherm ◽  
Historic Silk

ABSTRACTThe research reported herein is directed toward the determination of the microstructure of silk fibers recovered from the shipwreck site of the S.S. Central America. The structural data obtained from examination of these silk materials using SEM, EDS, and DSC was compared to data obtained from the examination of historic silk fibers (ca. 1860–1880) not exposed to the deep-ocean and of modern silk fibers. Marine silks appear more degraded than historic and modern silk when viewed under the SEM and the fiber surfaces are partially obscured by inorganic deposits. The melting endotherm of marine, historic, and modern silk fibers are comparable to each other, but the glass transition observed in the modern silk is not apparent in the DSC trace of any of the marine silks.

Validasi dari Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan Kandungan Total Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol dari Akar Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) dan Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Anita Puspa Widiyana

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Anita Puspa Widiyana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Validation Testing

Validation as a quality control for the content of chemical compounds from natural ingredients. One of the chemical constituents is the flavonoids which are found in the Imperatacylindrica roots and Centella asiatica leaves. This study aims to ensure the analysis method meets the requirements and determines the levels of flavonoids. The research stages included extraction, validation and determination of total flavonoid. Extraction was carried out by immersing dry simplicia in 96% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours. The solvent is evaporated using a rotary evaporator until a thick extract is formed. Validation testing includes linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. Determinationof the total flavonoid was carried out by measuring the absorption at a maximum wavelength of 428.2 nm. The validation results includethe correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998, precision % RSD <2 %, %accuracy 99,53-97,98%, LOD 3.02ppm and LOQ 9.15 ppm. The total flavonoid of the ethanol extract of Imperata cylindrica roots was 36.39 ± 0.08 mg/g QE and Centella asiatica leaves was 102.10 ± 0.08 mg/g QE. The conclusion is that the method used met the validation requirements and the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves was higher than Imperata cylindrica roots

Resolution 530 (1983

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-840
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Central America ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The Security Council,Having heard the statement of the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Nicaragua,Having also heard the statements of various States Members of the United Nations in the course of the debate,Deeply concerned, on the one hand, at the situation prevailing on and insid the northern border of Nicaragua and, on the other hand, at the consequent dange of a military confrontation between Honduras and Nicaragua, which could further aggravate the existing crisis.situation in Central America,Recalling all the relevant principles of the Charter of the United Nations,, particularly the obligation of States to settle their disputes exclusively by peaceful means, not to resort to the threat or use of force and to respect the self-determination of peoples and the sovereign independence of all States,Noting the widespread desire expressed by the States concerned to achieve solutions to the differences between them,

scholarly journals The phytochemical screenings and thin layer chromatography analysis of chemical compounds in ethanol extract of labu siam fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOERYA DEWI MARLIANA ◽  
VENTY SURYANTI ◽  
SUYONO SUYONO
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Sechium Edule ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The phytochemical screenings and analysis of chemical compounds in ethanol extract of labu siam fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) has been carried out. Isolation was done by Soxhlet extraction for 6 hours with petroleum ether and the residue was extracted by maceration during 24 hours with ethanol.The isolated compounds in ethanol extract were identified by phytochemical screenings method and TLC. The result showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, cardenolin/bufadienol and flavonoid.

VENTURE ACCELERATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL GROWTH IN CENTRAL AMERICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050026
Author(s):  
HANS RAWHOUSER ◽  
CHRISTOPHER SUTTER ◽  
IAN McDONOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Central America ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Growth ◽  
Critical Resources

Intermediaries such as accelerators support entrepreneurial activity in developing countries by connecting entrepreneurs to critical resources and by reshaping the entrepreneurial ventures so they can better participate in larger markets. Existing research has examined the activities intermediaries undertake and how these activities influence intermediary effectiveness. However, we know much less about which entrepreneurial ventures benefit from intermediation. Using 24 months of pre- and post-intervention sales data for 139 ventures working with a business accelerator in Central America, we find that facilitating resource acquisition is less important than the constraints to change within the entrepreneurial ventures themselves. Thus, our study suggests that although facilitating resource acquisition through venture acceleration is important, it may be insufficient for increasing venture growth. Rather, the malleability of the venture may play a more important role in intermediation effectiveness.

Some observations on developmental change and bureaucracy in developing countries

Res Publica ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Fakhri J. Al-Salman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
State Bureaucracy

The article attempts to define the change ; explores the reasons behind the resistance to change; to analyse the typology, the advantages and disadvantages of comprehensive and partial changes, and the methodologies of its enforcement. Moreover, it shows that the state bureaucracy almost in all societies enjoys a leading role in planning, supervision, coordination and even in the execution of developmental change processes. It tresspasses all existing institutions, groups and individuals in power, organization, legal and financial weapons, freedom of choices and maneuverability.In searching for a convenient methodology of change in the developing societies; the article stresses that since these societies entirely differ in their material and human resources ; politica! stability ; standards ofhealth and education ; and above all in their mentality and emotional reactions, the determination of whichever change - immediate or incremental - to be followed, would certainly be out of question.However, incremental partial change may seem to be more practicable in the majority of these states.

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