scholarly journals A Low Cost Vehicle Counting System Based On The Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Lanny Sitanayah ◽  
Apriandy Angdresey ◽  
Jeri Wahyu Utama
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Rest Api ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In urban areas where land for parking is very limited, drivers often waste time, fuel, and emissions circling around without information if unoccupied parking spaces are available or not. In this paper, we design and implement a low-cost wireless system to count the number of cars and motorcycles in a parking lot. The system consists of two sensor devices, which are installed at an entrance gate and an exit gate of a parking lot. Each device has a NodeMCU ESP8266, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, and an MPU-9266 accelerometer. We use REST API as the web service to connect sensor devices and users, who will access the parking information using a web browser. The C4.5 algorithm is utilized to construct a decision tree to classify detected objects as cars, motorcycles, or people. We show by experiment that our sensor devices and the wireless monitoring system work correctly.

scholarly journals Model Sistem Hitung Kendaraan pada Area Parkir Bertingkat 2 Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATMega8535

Electrician ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wiwik Dwi Agustin ◽  
Emir Nasrullah ◽  
Raden Arum Setia Priadi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
System Model ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Parking Garage ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Intisari —  Area parkir dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat, apalagi di daerah perkotaan. Berlatar belakang kebutuhan akan efisiensi waktu dan bahan bakar kendaraan serta pengembangan teknologi otomasi, maka melalui penelitian ini telah dirancang sebuah piranti yang bertujuan untuk menginformasikan kepada pengemudi apakah dapat memarkir kendaraannya atau tidak pada suatu area parkir dan diharapkan bermanfaat menghemat waktu dan bahan bakar kendaraan. Apabila area parkir terisi penuh oleh kendaraan yang parkir, motor servo akan berputar dan palang pintu yang terhubung akan menutup sehingga kendaraan tidak dapat masuk ke area parkir yang penuh.Model sistem hitung kendaraan pada area parkir bertingkat 2 pada tugas akhir ini pada intinya merupakan piranti dengan miktrokontroler sebagai pengendali utama yang terhubung dengan sensor ultrasonik sehingga dapat memindai masuk dan keluar kendaraan roda empat (mobil) pada suatu area parkir serta memberikan informasi jumlah lahan parkir yang belum terisi melalui LCD yang terpasang pada pintu masuk, sehingga memudahkan pengendara mobil untuk memutuskan apakah perlu memasuki area parkir tersebut untuk memarkir kendaraannya atau mencari tempat parkir lain tanpa harus berputar-putar pada area parkir tersebut sehingga memakan waktu dan bahan bakar kendaraan. Apabila kondisi area parkir telah terisi penuh oleh kendaraan, maka terdapat motor servo yang terhubung dengan palang pintu yang akan menutup akses masuknya kendaraan sehingga kendaraan tidak dapat memasuki area parkir.Tugas akhir ini mengimplementasikan perancangan sebuah model sistem hitung kendaraan secara otomatis yang dapat menginformasikan kepada pengendara apakah dapat memarkir kendaraannya atau tidak pada suatu area parkir. Selain itu diharapkan dapat diimplementasikan langsung pada suatu area parkir bertingkat.Kata kunci — Mikrokontroler, Sensor ultrasonik, LCD, Motor servo.  Abstract — Parking lot is needed by society everyday, especially in urban areas. Background of the need for time efficiency and vehicle fuel and the development of automation technology, then this research has designed a tool that aims to inform the driver whether the vehicle may be parked or not in a parking area and is expected to be useful to save time and fuel vehicles. If the condition of parking areas have filled with vehicles, the servo motor is connected to the cross bar that would close access to the entry of vehicles so that vehicles can not enter the parking area. Model of the vehicle counting system at the 2-floors parking garage at the end of this task is essentially a tool to microcontroller as main controller connected to the ultrasonic sensor that can scan incoming and outgoing four-wheeled vehicles (cars) at a parking area and provide information of ample parking not filled through the LCD attached to the entrance, making it easier for driver to decide whether to enter the parking area to park the vehicle or to find another parking space without spinning the parking area so that it takes time and fuel vehicles. This final task of implementing the design of a counting system model vehicles can automatically inform the driver whether the vehicle may be parked or not in a parking lot. Also expected to be implemented directly on a multilevel parking area.Keywords — Microcontroller, Ultrasonic sensor, LCD, Servo motor, Parking lot. 

scholarly journals SMART2L: Smart Water Level and Leakage Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haikal Hafiz Kadar ◽  
Sera Syarmila Sameon ◽  
Mohd. Ezanee Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology can assist in the effective conservation of resources and energy management. With IoT, managing water level and detecting leakage within water pipeline distribution system can be automated. This is the golden opportunity as the field of water management and distribution progress with the advancement of IoT. Water shortage has been part of the crucial complications that encountered by many municipalities around the globe and surplus during transmission has been acknowledged as the main problem. Thus, the key idea for this project is to design a real-time low cost wireless system called as SMART2L to prevent Non-Revenue Water (NRW) commonly known as unbilled water wastage. SMART2L integrates with Internet of Things (IoT) that will make a change to the way of people live and manage their water resources smartly.  

scholarly journals Low-Cost Implementation of Reactive Jammer on LoRaWAN Network

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Toni Perković ◽  
Hrvoje Rudeš ◽  
Slaven Damjanović ◽  
Antun Nakić
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Jamming Attacks ◽  
Package Delivery ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Lightning Fire ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWA) has already started to gain a notorious adoption in the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape due to its enormous potential. It is already employed in a wide variety of scenarios involving parking lot occupancy, package delivery, smart irrigation, smart lightning, fire detection, etc. If messages from LPWA devices can be manipulated or blocked, this will violate the integrity of the collected information and lead to unobserved events (e.g., fire, leakage). This paper explores the possibility that violates message integrity by applying a reactive jamming technique that disrupts a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network. As shown in this paper, using low-cost commodity hardware based on Arduino platform, an attacker can easily mount such an attack that would result in completely shutting down the entire LoRaWAN network with high probability. Several countermeasures are introduced to reduce the possibility of jamming attacks.

Tenants' Satisfaction in High Residential Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
UMMU SHOLEHAH MOHD NOR
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Residential Living ◽  
Medium Cost

High residential living in Malaysia has not been widely given a significant emphasises in literature despite its increasing scale and significance in the real estate market. The significance of high rise is mainly due the increasing rate of migration from rural to urban. It is estimated a total of 77.2 percent of the Malaysian population lived in urban areas in 2020. Approximately, 30 percent of this urban population lives in strata housing. These percentages are predicted to continue to increase in the future. The emergence of high residential building has been argued as confronting various problems which has considerable impact on this life style. Satisfaction is an important outcome of living in one’s dwelling, although it is not the only consideration. High residential building in Malaysia encountered numerous problems in term of management aspects, legislation aspects, and residents’ satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tenants’ satisfaction living in high residential buildings in Klang Valley. The questionnaires survey is conducted amongst 276 tenants at low cost and medium cost HRB using random sampling in HRB located at areas under jurisdiction Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS) and Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya (MPAJ). The result from this study shows that tenant in medium cost residential building are more satisfied in term of facilities and management as compared to tenants in low cost residential building. Tenants also not disclosed to the existing act and procedure related to high residential building. In conclusion, this study suggested the Local Authority to emphasise the role of tenant. These recommendation hopefully will increase the level of satisfaction amongst the residents in HRB.

scholarly journals Understanding Spatial Variability of NO2 in Urban Areas Using Spatial Modelling and Data Fusion Approaches

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Said Munir ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Daniel Coca
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The City

Small-scale spatial variability in NO2 concentrations is analysed with the help of pollution maps. Maps of NO2 estimated by the Airviro dispersion model and land use regression (LUR) model are fused with measured NO2 concentrations from low-cost sensors (LCS), reference sensors and diffusion tubes. In this study, geostatistical universal kriging was employed for fusing (integrating) model estimations with measured NO2 concentrations. The results showed that the data fusion approach was capable of estimating realistic NO2 concentration maps that inherited spatial patterns of the pollutant from the model estimations and adjusted the modelled values using the measured concentrations. Maps produced by the fusion of NO2-LCS with NO2-LUR produced better results, with r-value 0.96 and RMSE 9.09. Data fusion adds value to both measured and estimated concentrations: the measured data are improved by predicting spatiotemporal gaps, whereas the modelled data are improved by constraining them with observed data. Hotspots of NO2 were shown in the city centre, eastern parts of the city towards the motorway (M1) and on some major roads. Air quality standards were exceeded at several locations in Sheffield, where annual mean NO2 levels were higher than 40 µg/m3. Road traffic was considered to be the dominant emission source of NO2 in Sheffield.

Design and Implementation of Wireless Voltage Monitoring System Based on Zigbee

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Xiaohui
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Voltage Sensor ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Three Phase

This paper proposed a low cost wireless monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless transmission, and designed a new floating voltage sensor which is suitable for the monitoring of medium voltage and high voltage(MV/HV) public equipment. The system used TI-CC2530 as the controller, proposed a new moving average voltage sensing(MAVS) algorithm by reasonable assumptions, and adopted algorithms to perform the theoretical analysis for the single phase and three-phase voltage. At last, the author carried out a practical experiment on the wireless floating voltage sensor under the voltage up to 30kV, the experimental results showed that the proposed low cost wireless sensor can achieve a good voltage monitoring function, and the error is less than 3%.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Approach to Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Reinert ◽  
Susana Ramalho ◽  
Rodrigo Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Barrios ◽  
Marcia Graudenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors represent the most common form of this disease, with more than 70% of breast cancers expressing these receptors. Response and benefit to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) varies according to HR expression, with lower responses in luminal tumors as compared with hormone receptor-negative (HR-) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumors. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) is an option for selected patients with HR+ locally advanced breast cancer. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy has a favorable toxicity profile, and is associated with benefits such as having low cost and being more easily available even for cancer care professionals outside major urban areas or tertiary centers. These factors are particularly relevant, as 70% of breast cancer deaths occur in women from low-income and middle-income countries. Additionally, NET is being increasingly explored, not simply to allow for less extensive surgery, but also as a scientific tool, with the use of biomarkers to predict outcomes in adjuvant trials and for the individual patient. This review details the current and most relevant evidence about NET for breast cancer as well as the future directions of this field.

Smart Railway Track and Crossing Gate Security System Based on IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1346-1355
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Sonar Sensors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Direct Input ◽  
Road Crossing ◽  
Track Monitoring ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The railway system is one of the most widely used modes of transportation due to its low cost. To keep the railway system running smoothly, continuous track monitoring is needed. These days, the railway system is manually supervised. As a result, there is a greater risk of disasters, such as fatalities, occurring as a result of human error while monitoring. The main problem with manual system monitoring is that it takes a long time to process all of the necessary data. Since railway tracks are built over thousands of miles, it is virtually impossible to manually control the device over such a longdistance. At railway crossings, a lot of accidents happen. Crossing gates are usually opened and closed after receiving direct input from the station. If there is a delay in obtaining information from the station, there is a risk of swearing incidents. The main goal of this research is to simplify and protect the railway system. The proposed system employs Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) detectors for automatic side road crossing protection. Any type of breakage, as well as vibration, can be efficiently detected with a higher degree of precision using Light Dependent Resistor (LRR) and laser detectors. In the event of an unexpected situation, such as an accident, the GSM module will begin communicating via message with the nearest control room for assistance. Sonar sensors are often used for obstacle avoidance when something unexpectedly appears in front of the train. The Internet of Things (IoT) has been added to the system to allow it to be monitored from anywhere in the sphere. The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller that serves as the system's backbone. The framework has the potential to be extremely beneficial to our country's railway economic growth.

New Results of Using the Light Trap for Collecting Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Urban Environment (on the Example of Saratov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
A.S. Sazhnev ◽  
◽  
V.V. Anikin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Adventitious Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stegobium Paniceum

The article presents the results of research of the using light traps (luminescent lamp Actinic 6W) for collecting Coleoptera in the Saratov city. Entomological material was collected by the second author in the period from 1.06 to 2.10.2019. In 2019, 52 species of Coleoptera of 22 families from different ecological groups were recorded. A relatively high proportion of adventitious species remains in 17.3– 30.7% of the presented fauna was presented. For two years the 14 species of alien and cryptogenic Coleoptera species were observed, that is 24.5% of the adventive fauna of the Saratov Province. Among invasive species Attagenus smirnovi, Stegobium paniceum, Atomaria lewisi, Harmonia axyridis, Gnatocerus cornutus, and Orchestes steppensis were record for the first time in 2019. It to use bringing on light as one of the available and low-cost ways to identify alien and cryptogenic organisms in urban areas is recommended.

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