scholarly journals Utilization of phytohormones for successful crop production under environmental stress conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hussain Faiq ◽  
Mohammad Safar Noori
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Effective Role

Stress is an external factor that exerts a detrimental effect on overall growth of a plant. Environmental stress is a serious threat for sustainable crop production, and a main cause for food insecurity. Agricultural crops are exposed to a variety of environmental stresses including extreme temperatures and unfavorable chemical and physical soil conditions. Drought stress adversely affects some physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including transpiration, translocation of assimilates and nutrient metabolism. Salinity stress is responsible for loss of turgor, reduction in growth, wilting, leaf abscission, reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, loss of cellular integrity, tissue necrosis and finally death of the plant. Drought and salinity stress negatively affects the growth and yield of crop plants more than all the other stresses combined. Cold stress affects cellular components and metabolism, and temperature extremes impose stresses of variable severity that depend on the intensity and duration of the stress. Many approaches are being used to alleviate the deleterious effects of environmental stresses on successful agricultural crops production in recent years.  Application of phytohormones (Abscisic acid, Indole-3-Aacetic Acid, Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) is one of the curative measures to mitigate the environmental stresses in agricultural crops. Phytohormones play a significant role in enhancing stress tolerance and therefore, reduce the yield loss in crop plants. In this paper, the impacts of environmental stresses on productivity and physiological activities of crop plants, and the effective role of some phytohormones in alleviation of environmental stresses have been reviewed.

scholarly journals Calcium-Enriched Animal Manure Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Physiology and Nutrients Homeostasis of Zea mays L.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Niamat ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Growth Physiology

Soil salinity and sodicity are among the main problems for optimum crop production in areas where rainfall is not enough for leaching of salts out of the rooting zone. Application of organic and Ca-based amendments have the potential to increase crop yield and productivity under saline–alkaline soil environments. Based on this hypothesis, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of compost, Ca-based fertilizer industry waste (Ca-FW), and Ca-fortified compost (Ca-FC) to increase growth and yield of maize under saline–sodic soil conditions. Saline–sodic soil conditions with electrical conductivity (EC) levels (1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) = 15, were developed by spiking soil with a solution containing NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and CaCl2. Results showed that soil salinity and sodicity significantly reduced plant growth, yield, physiological, and nutrient uptake parameters. However, the application of Ca-FC caused a remarkable increase in the studied parameters of maize at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1 as compared to the control. In addition, Ca-FC caused the maximum decrease in Na+/K+ ratio in shoot up to 85.1%, 71.79%, and 70.37% at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1, respectively as compared to the control treatment. Moreover, nutrient uptake (NPK) was also significantly increased with the application of Ca-FC under normal as well as saline–sodic soil conditions. It is thus inferred that the application of Ca-FC could be an effective amendment to enhance growth, yield, physiology, and nutrient uptake in maize under saline–sodic soil conditions constituting the novelty of this work.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Okra Production in Acid Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Bushra Islam Binte ◽  
Mahmuda Akter ◽  
Mariam Khanam ◽  
Md. Ashraful Alam ◽  
Md. Parvez Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Attributes

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a novel strategy to achieve sustainable crop production in degraded soils through judicious and balanced plant nutrients utilization. Sole application of chemical fertilizers in crop production causes soil and environmental pollution. The present study was designed to assess the effects of application of organic manures conjointly with chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of okra in acid soil. The experiment was consisted of four treatments viz. T0 [Control], T1 [Recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (RDF)], T2 [Dolomite (D) @ 1t ha-1 + RDF], T3 [Poultry manure (PM) @ 3t ha-1 + RDF], T3 [Cow dung (CD) @ 5t ha-1 + RDF] with six replications in a randomized complete block design. The results indicated that the use of PM with RDF showed better performance in the growth and yield attributes of okra. Compared with others plots, the highest plant height (114.10 cm), fresh weight plant-1 (591.58 g) and dry weight plant-1 (86.73 g) were observed in the PM-treated plot. Similarly, the highest number of fruits plant-1 (20.33) and fruit yield (13.58 t ha-1) were also found in PM-treated plants. Therefore, under acidic soil conditions, organic and inorganic fertilization may have a significant positive impact on the growth and yield of Okra.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BOTANICALS ON SOIL FERTILITY POTENTIALS, SEED GERMINATION AND PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) VARIETIES UNDER LOW FERTILE CONTINUOUSLY-CROPPED SOIL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 400-413
Author(s):  
Babajide Peter ◽  
OpasinaIfeoluwa ◽  
Ajibola Adijat ◽  
Noah ◽  
Oyedele Temitope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Maize Varieties

It is not unreasonable to state that, even before the introduction of organic agriculture, African local farmers have numerous of undocumented environment-friendly, nature-inclined indigenous techniques for boosting soil fertility and enhancing crop yield. However, despite the versatility of indigenous knowledge, setback is always experienced from western science, which tags such knowledge as being non-scientific and not worthy of scholarly engagements. A field experiment was carried out in the year 2013, at the Teaching and Research Farms, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, to assess the soil fertility and yield promoting potentials of some indigenous plant species’ botanicals used as pre-planting treatments on different maize varieties. It was a 3 by 5 factorial experiment. The treatments introduced were: Three (3) maize varieties (V1 = ACR-DMR-SR-Y, V2 = Local EM-W and V3 = Suwan Solo Yellow and five (5) other treatments (comprising pre-sowing botanical treatments of: Kigeliaafricana only, Glyphea brevis only, combination of Kigeliaafricana and Glyphea brevis only, NPK fertilizer application (as a reference) and the control (treated with ordinary water only). The trial was laid out in Split Plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, and the data collected were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). All the botanical treatments significantly influenced germination, growth, yield and nutrient uptakes of maize, compared to the control. Either of the botanicals tested (with ordinary basal manure application of the pre-existing plant residues on the field), competed effectively with NPK fertilized plants. Hence, since maize responded better to sole treatments of either Kigeliaafricana or Glyphea brevis extracts, irrespective of varieties than the combined treatment of the two botanicals, any of the maize varieties is therefore recommended as being suitably compatible with either of the sole botanical treatments, in the study area. Thus, this research is reasonable, particularly in the aspects of fertilizer economy, environment-friendliness, organic farming and more profitable crop production in the tropics, where soils are continuously cropped and marginal.

scholarly journals Silicon in a Sustainable Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Margit Olle
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
System Size ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to show the importance of silicon (Si) in agricultural production. Si is a second most abundant element both on the surface of the earth and in the soil. Si in plants leads to an increase in horticulture production. It has been demonstrated to have multiple direct and indirect beneficial effects on growth and development of many plants. The beneficial effects of Si are especially pronounced in the plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses. Si enhances tolerance of plants to metal toxicity. Si uptake by plants improves agricultural crop quality and yield. Si application could therefore improve crop production under adverse climate and soil conditions. Si can positively influence plant growth and yield, in particular, under stress conditions. Si may increase the uptake and translocation of mineral elements in plants. The application of stabilised silicic acid is called the ‘silicic acid agro technology’ (SAAT). SAAT increases root system size, length of stem/tillers, leaf area, chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake, resulting in higher yield and improved. SAAT decreases effect of biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, SAAT is proposed as an element in sustainable cropping strategies.

scholarly journals Biostimulant Properties of Seaweed Extracts in Plants: Implications towards Sustainable Crop Production

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Omar Ali ◽  
Adesh Ramsubhag ◽  
Jayaraj Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

The use of seaweed-based bioproducts has been gaining momentum in crop production systems owing to their unique bioactive components and effects. They have phytostimulatory properties that result in increased plant growth and yield parameters in several important crop plants. They have phytoelicitor activity as their components evoke defense responses in plants that contribute to resistance to several pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, and cold. This is often linked to the upregulation of important defense-related genes and pathways in the plant system, priming the plant defenses against future attacks. They also evoke phytohormonal responses due to their specific components and interaction with plant growth regulation. Treatment by seaweed extracts and products also causes significant changes in the microbiome components of soil and plant in support of sustainable plant growth. Seaweed extracts contain a plethora of substances which are mostly organic, but trace levels of inorganic nutrient elements are also present. Fractionation of seaweed extracts into their components and their respective bioassays, however, has not yielded favorable growth effects. Only the whole seaweed extracts have been consistently proven to be very effective, which highlights the role of multiple components and their complex interactive effects on plant growth processes. Since seaweed extracts are highly organic, they are ideally suited for organic farming and environmentally sensitive crop production. They are also very compatible with other crop inputs, paving the way for an integrated management approach geared towards sustainability. The current review discusses the growth and functional effects evoked by seaweed extracts and their modes and mechanisms of action in crop plants which are responsible for elicitor and phytostimulatory activities. The review further analyses the potential value of seaweed extracts in integrated crop management systems towards sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Salinity-Induced Oxidative Stress, Improvement in Growth, Physiology and Mineral Nutrition of Canola (Brassica napus L.) through Calcium-Fortified Composted Animal Manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Haroon Sajid ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Bushra Niamat ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects

Salinity stress is one of the serious restrictive issues for optimum crop production in arid to semi-arid areas. Application of organic amendments have shown positive effects on crop growth and yield under such scenario. The present study was conducted to estimate the potential of calcium-fortified composted animal manure (Ca-FCM) to enhance growth and yield of canola under saline soil conditions. Salt affected soils with various electrical conductivity (EC) levels (original 1.5, 5, and 10 dS m−1) were developed via spiking the soil with sodium chloride (NaCl) salt. The results reveal that soil salinity reduced the growth, physiological, yield, and nutritional parameters of canola. However, application of 3% calcium-fortified composted manure significantly enhanced the growth and yield parameters at all EC levels as compared to control. Plant physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, relative chlorophyll contents (SPAD value), and relative water content were also increased with the application of 3% Ca-FCM at all EC levels in comparison to control. Application of 3% Ca-FCM also mediated the antioxidant enzymes activities at all EC levels in comparison to control. Moreover, application of 3% Ca-FCM caused maximum increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in shoot at all EC levels. Conversely, application of 3% Ca-FCM showed maximum decrease in Na+/K+ ratio in leaf up to 83.33%, 77.78%, and 71.43% at EC levels 1.5, 5, and 10 dS m−1, respectively, as compared to control. It was concluded that application of calcium-fortified composted animal manure (Ca-FCM) could be an efficient method for improving growth, yield, physiological, and nutritional parameters of canola through mediation of antioxidant defense machinery under saline soil conditions.

scholarly journals Kontroversi Aplikasi dan Standar Mutu Biochar

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi ◽  
Laksmita Prima Santi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Terra Preta ◽  
New Material ◽  
Carbon Sequestering ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
New Research

<p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> Biochar merupakan material baru yang diteliti secara intensif dalam waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir di berbagai penjuru dunia. Hal ini dipicu oleh fakta bahwa tanah-tanah Terra Preta di wilayah Amazon, Amerika Selatan, dikenal sangat subur karena mengandung arang yang dibentuk dari pembakaran minim oksigen (pirolisis) ribuan tahun yang lalu. Dalam kondisi kemajuan teknologi seperti sekarang ini para peneliti mencoba untuk meniru dalam memperoleh material serupa yang kemudian dikenal secara luas dengan istilah biochar dan menguji manfaatnya terutama untuk perbaikan kondisi tanah agar menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman yang lebih baik, sekaligus mampu menjadi penghambat lepasnya karbon ke atmosfir (carbon sequestering). Sebagai sebuah topik riset yang baru tentu saja dapat dipahami bahwa hal tersebut menimbulkan pro- dan kontra, khususnya yang menyangkut manfaat positif secara luas. Pihak yang pro mendasarkannya pada banyak bukti tentang manfaat aplikasi biochar terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman seperti halnya juga terhadap sifat-sifat tanah. Sebaliknya yang kontra menekankan terbatasnya data yang tersedia sejauh ini dan adanya ketidak-konsistenan hasil yang dilaporkan. Ulasan berikut ini mencoba untuk melihat dari dua sudut tersebut untuk memberikan gambaran yang sebenarnya bagi para calon peminat riset dan/atau pengguna biochar untuk kepentingan perbaikan kesehatan dan produktivitas tanah. Pada akhir diskusi disampaikan perlunya persyaratan mutu biochar untuk memperoleh hasil yang dapat diperbandingkan.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract.</strong> Biochar is a new material researched intensively within the last ten years in various parts of the world. This is fuelled by the fact that the lands of Terra Preta in the Amazon region of South America is known to be very fertile because it contains charcoal that was formed from the minimum oxygen combustion (pyrolysis) at times thousands of years ago. Under the conditions of technological advances like nowadays, researchers tried to replicate it in obtaining similar material which was then widely known by the term biochar and test its usefulness mainly to improved soil conditions in order to generate growth and better crop production and the same time capable of being a barrier to the release of carbon into the atmosphere (carbon sequestering). As a new research topic, it is understandable that it raises pros and cons, especially on its benefits. The pro-side emphasized on the proven beneficial application of biochar to improve growth and yield of crops as well as on soil properties. Others, rised the controversy focused on the limited data reported and somewhat inconsistency on the results. The following review is trying to look at it from the two angles to give the real picture for the prospective applicants of biochar such as researchers and users of biochar for the benefit of improving health and productivity of the soil. At the end of the discussion it is given the necessity for quality standard of biochar to obtain comparable results.</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Effects of carbonaceous nanomaterials on soil-grown soybeans under combined heat and insect stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Zoe S. Welch ◽  
Aaron R. Ramirez ◽  
Dermont C. Bouchard ◽  
Joshua P. Schimel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Industrial Carbon ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Environmental contextEngineered nanomaterials have the potential to accumulate in agricultural soils where they may influence crop plants. There is, however, little information about how adverse environmental conditions may interact with nanomaterial effects on plants and plant-microbe interactions. We report the comparative effects of three carbonaceous nanomaterials on the growth, nodulation and foliar health of a globally important legume crop, soybean, under the combined stresses of high temperature and insect pests. AbstractBecause carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) are expected to enter soils, the exposure implications to crop plants and plant–microbe interactions should be understood. Most investigations have been under ideal growth conditions, yet crops commonly experience abiotic and biotic stresses. Little is known how co-exposure to these environmental stresses and CNMs would cause combined effects on plants. We investigated the effects of 1000mgkg−1 multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and industrial carbon black (CB) on soybeans grown to the bean production stage in soil. Following seed sowing, plants became stressed by heat and infested with an insect (thrips). Consequently, all plants had similarly stunted growth, leaf damage, reduced final biomasses and fewer root nodules compared with healthy control soybeans previously grown without heat and thrips stresses. Thus, CNMs did not significantly influence the growth and yield of stressed soybeans, and the previously reported nodulation inhibition by CNMs was not specifically observed here. However, CNMs did significantly alter two leaf health indicators: the leaf chlorophyll a/b ratio, which was higher in the GNP treatment than in either the control (by 15%) or CB treatment (by 14%), and leaf lipid peroxidation, which was elevated in the CNT treatment compared with either the control (by 47%) or GNP treatment (by 66%). Overall, these results show that, while severe environmental stresses may impair plant production, CNMs (including CNTs and GNPs) in soil could additionally affect foliar health of an agriculturally important legume.

scholarly journals USE OF INDUSTRIES BYPRODUCT AS AN ALTERNATIVE LIQUID FERTILIZER IN SOILLESS CULTURE AND ITS EFFECT ON SWEET PEPPER

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Jahedur Rahman ◽  
Shahjahan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Different Doses

There is a gaining interest in reducing the production cost of agricultural crops. Salt industries byproduct (SIB) can reduce production cost as it is a cheaper fertilizer source. SIB is the effluent of salt industries. But there is no research on its effects in agricultural crop production in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is important to identify the dose of SIB in sweet pepper/capsicum in Bangladesh. In this study, growth and yield parameters in sweet pepper by applying different doses of SIB were investigated. Five concentrations of salt industries byproduct (SIB) are considered as treatments, viz. S1 = ¾ strength Rahman and Inden (2012) + 0 ml.L-1 SIB, S2 = ¾ strength Rahman and Inden (2012) + 0.25 ml.L-1 SIB, S3 = ¾ strength Rahman and Inden (2012) + 0.5 ml.L-1 SIB, S4 = ¾ strength Rahman and Inden (2012) + 0.75 ml.L-1 SIB and S5 = ¾ strength Rahman and Inden (2012) + 1.0 ml.L-1 SIB. Different concentrations of salt industries by product showed significant variation in most of the parameters. The highest plant height, the maximum number of fruit/plants, individual fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit volume, and yield were found highest in S3. But all the parameters were drastically reduced when S5 treatment was applied. Therefore, S3 treatment can be used for sweet pepper cultivation in soilless culture system in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Effect of Application of Different Quality Water through Pitcher Irrigation and Tillage Types on Tomato Production and Soil Properties of Coastal Saline Soil of West Bengal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Adhikary ◽  
Arunabha Pal ◽  
S.K. De
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Coastal Saline Soil ◽  
Quality Water

Background: Water and tillage are the primary input for crop production and increasingly become scarce due to its high demand in agricultural sector. Pitcher irrigation, a traditional system of irrigation alternative to drip method is the effective innovation of localized methods of irrigation. Methods: In this experiment different quality water through pitcher irrigation and tillage types were taken from coastal saline soil. The effects of yield factor, soil chemical properties of saline soil were studied using pitcher irrigation and tillage types. Result: Results indicate that soil physical and chemical properties were all significantly improved by different pitcher irrigation with tillage practices. Results also showed that present experiment favoring better soil conditions, nutrient availabilities towards better growth and yield of crops. Our study suggests that blending of saline with freshwater in presence of mulch tillage can provide the best estimation in the improving soil properties and tomato production above the coastal saline soil.

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