scholarly journals Assessing the influence of human settlements on the plant diversity in wetlands of Phobji and Gangtey, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Pema Lhamo ◽  
Ahmedul Kabir ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Plant diversity in the wetlands of Phobji and Gangtey represents an important aspect of the overall wetland ecosystem. However, over the years, the increasing trend in population has initiated the building of many infrastructures and accommodations which lie at close proximity to the core wetland area. The plant diversity in human settled area and core undisturbed area was studied, with an objective to assess the influence of human settlement on the plant diversity. A belt transect method was used for the purpose of vegetation survey and Shannon Wiener diversity was calculated using the relative dominance. Plants were analyzed for their diversity, richness, dominance and invasive nature. Additionally, soil and water parameters were also tested to see the current situation of the pH and nutrient levels. A total of 136 species belonging to 39 families was identified in both the areas. The overall diversity index and species richness was found to be higher in the undisturbed areas. Soil analysis did not show much of a difference in physical and chemical parameters except for a slight difference in potassium content. Similarly, water parameters did not show much difference but only showed variation in calcium content. The findings of the study indicated towards the increasing influence of human settlement in the wetland.

scholarly journals Efek Tiga Jenis Pohon Penaung terhadap Keragaman Serangga pada Pertanaman Kopi di Perkebunan Rakyat Manglayang, Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siska Rasiska ◽  
Abdirrassyiddin Khairullah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

ABSTRACTThe Effects of Three Types of Shade Trees on the Diversity of Insects in Coffee PlantationArabican coffee (Coffea arabica) is one of the plantation commodities that has economic, social, and ecological value in Indonesia. Commonly, coffee is grown in a shaded condition that will affect the diversity of insects. This research was aimed to study the effects of three types of shade trees on the diversity of insects in coffee plants. This research was conducted at Manglayang Peasant Coffee Plantation, Cipulus Village, Cilengkrang Subdistrict, Bandung Regency and the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used was descriptive survey through observation with systematic diagonal method in selected locations based on three types of shade trees, namely suren (Toona sureni Merr), white teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb), and pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh). The results showed that diversity index of the insects of coffee plants in suren shade trees was low to medium, and the highest percentage of abundance was Empoasca sp. Coffee plant diversity index of the insects with white teak shade trees were medium with highest percentage abundance in the Agromyzidae family and Emposca sp. Coffee plant diversity index of the insect with pine shading trees was low to moderate with the highest abundance of Empoasca sp. and Agromyzidae family.Keywords: Shade tree, Diversity, Insect, Coffee plantABSTRAKKopi arabika (Coffea arabica) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi, sosial, dan ekologis bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Pada umumnya, kopi ditanam pada kondisi ternaungi sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap keragaman serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek dari tiga jenis pohon penaung terhadap keragaman serangga pada pertanaman kopi. Penelitian dilakukan di Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat Manglayang, Desa Cipulus, Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei deskriptif dengan cara observasi dengan metode diagonal sistematis pada beberapa lokasi yang dipilih berdasarkan tiga jenis pohon penaung, yaitu suren (Toona sureni Merr), jati putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb), dan pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangga tanaman kopi pada tanaman penaung suren indeks keragamannya rendah sampai sedang, dan persentase kelimpahan tertingginya adalah Empoasca sp. Serangga tanaman kopi dengan pohon penaung jati putih indeks keragamannya sedang dengan persentase kelimpahan tertinggi pada family Agromyzidae dan Emposca sp. Serangga tanaman kopi dengan pohon penaung pinus indeks keragamannya rendah hingga sedang dengan kelimpahan tertinggi Empoasca sp. dan famili Agromyzidae.Kata Kunci: Pohon penaung, Keragaman, Serangga, Tanaman kopi

scholarly journals Analisis Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Invasif Di Kawasan Hutan Pantai Balekambang Desa Srigonco Kecamatan Bantur Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Miftahul Mukarromah ◽  
Ari Hayati ◽  
Hasan Zayadi
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Sida Rhombifolia

Balekambang Beach is the most visited beach destination in Malang Regency until the end of 2015. One of the invasive pathways of invasive plants is Tourism. The purpose of this study was to identify invasive plant species, diversity and compare the value of the diversity index with abiotic factors.This research method is descriptive with systematic sampling techniques using Belt Transect, and measurements of abiotic factors include edafic factors and climatic micro factors. Invasive alien plant species found in the Balekambang coastal forest are identified as seventeen species namely (Hemighraphis glaucescens), (Oplismenus sp), (Amomum coccineum), (Arenga obtusifolia), (Leucaena leucochephana), (Mimosa sp), (Cassia siamea), (Eupatorium odoratum), (Hyptis capitata), (Cynodon dactylon), (Sida rhombifolia), (Synedrella nudiflora), (Chromolaena odorata),  (Leucaena leucochepala), (Mimosa pudica), and (Ruellia tuberosa) with the index value of invasive plant diversity in protected forests and production classified as high compared to mangroves. The results of the diversity index value with abiotic factors showed a positive (+) direction on soil sailinity where the R2 value was 0.5606 or 50%, which means it showed a relationship between soil salinity and an abundance of invasive plants in Balekambang coastal forest area of 50%.  Keywords:invasive plants, Balekambang beach, belt transect, diversity ABSTRAK Pantai Balekambang adalah destinasi wisata alam pantai di Kabupaten Malang yang paling banyak dikunjungi hingga akhir tahun 2015.Salah satu jalur invasi dari tumbuhan invasif adalah Tourism (Wisata). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis tumbuhan invasif, keanekaragaman dan membandingkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman dengan faktor abiotik. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif dengan tehnik pengambilan sampling secara sistematis menggunakan Belt Transect, dan pengukuran faktor abiotik meliputi faktor edafik dan faktor mikro klimatik. Jenis spesies tumbuhan asing invasif yang terdapat di hutan pantai Balekambang diidentifikasi sebanyak tujuh belas spesies yaitu Hemighraphis glaucescens, Oplismenus sp, Amomum coccineum, Arenga obtusifolia, Leucaena leucochephana, Mimosa sp, Cassia siamea, Eupatorium odoratum, Hyptis capitata, Cynodon dactylon, Sida rhombifolia, Synedrella nudiflora.Chromolaena odorata, Leucaena leucochepala, Mimosa pudica, dan Ruellia tuberose dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman tumbuhan invasif pada hutan lindung dan produksi tergolong tinggi dibanding mangrove. Hasil analisis uji korelasi nilai indeks keanekaragaman dengan faktor abiotik menunjukkan arah positif (+) pada salinitas tanah dimana nilai R2 sebesar 0.5606 atau 50%, yang artinya menunjukkan hubungan antara salinitas tanah dengan kelimpahan tumbuhan invasif di kawasan hutan pantai Balekambang sebesar 50%. Kata kunci: tumbuhan invasif, pantai Balekambang, belt transect, keanekaragaman

scholarly journals Impact of heated waters on water quality and macroinvertebrate community in the Narew River (Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Krolak ◽  
Krzysztof Lewandowski ◽  
Zbigniew Kasprzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dikerogammarus Haemobaphes ◽  
Sinanodonta Woodiana

AbstractThe effect of heated waters from coal-burning power stations on the water parameters and the occurrence of macroinvertebrates depends on the individual characteristics of the river to which the heated waters are discharged. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of heated water from the Ostrołęka Power Station on selected water properties and the macroinvertebrate community in the Narew River. Samples were collected in years: 2013-2016 along two river stretches: upstream and downstream of the canal. The water temperature was higher and the oxygen concentrations were lower at the downstream sites compared to the upstream sites of the canal. The values of conductivity, concentrations of nitrates, phosphates, chlorides and calcium were similar at the sampling sites. A total of 33 families of macrozoobenthos were found. The numbers of families were positively correlated with the temperature and conductivity and negatively correlated with oxygen. The heated waters were found to have no effect on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The inflow of heated waters increased the percentage of Gammaridae, represented by species Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841) and decreased the percentage of Chironomidae. The presence of the thermophilous bivalve Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1934) was noted downstream of the canal.

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Perifiton Pada Lamun Jenis Thalassia hemprichii dan Cymodocea rotundatta di Kawasan Pantai Sanur

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Putu Satya Pratama ◽  
Dwi Budi Wiyanto ◽  
Elok Faiqoh
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Nursery Ground ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

Seagrass has function as nursery ground, spawning ground, feeding ground and habitat for many coastal organism (benthic, fish and epiphytes). Tourism activities in Sanur beach, the habitat of seagrass, could change the water condition, it indirectly influencing the existences of seagrass plants and periphyton in Sanur beach. The aim of this study are to analyze community structure of periphyton on seagrass leaves (Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundatta) and its relationship with water parameters in four stations at Sanur beach area that has the unique characteristics. Water parameters measured were temperature, salinity, DO (Dissolved oxyen), pH, nitrate, phosphate, and TSS (Total Suspended Solid). Data analysis using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to see the parameters that most influence on the abundance of periphyton. The results showed diversity index (H’) of periphyton is moderate, eveness index (E) moderate to high, and dominance index (C) is low to medium. It concluded that conditions of Sanur waters is stable but it is easily changed due to anthropogenic influences. PCA analysis showed that the parameters of the water have different effects on the abundance of periphyton at each seagrass leaves. Periphyton on Thalassia hemprichii was influenced by TSS, while Cymodocea rotundatta was influenced by phosphate, nitrate, temperature, DO, and TSS.

Biodiversitas dan Sebaran Karang Jamur (Fungiidae) di Perairan Teluk Amurang, Minahasa Selatan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bambang Hermanto
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Mushroom Coral ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Range Of Values

<strong>Biodiversity and Distribution of Mushroom Coral (Fungiidae) in The Amurang Bay, South Minahasa.</strong> Mushroom coral is the one of sclerectinians that has essential role to form coral reefs. This kind of species act as a microhabitat for other marine organisms such as shrimp. cryptobenthic fish, barnacle and crab. Most of these unique species have an ability to move from one habitat to another during benthic phase. The aim of this research was to determine the community structure and distribution of mushroom corals. This research was conducted in February 2017 at 4 research stations using belt transect method with  50x2m<sup>2</sup> length of transects. The results showed that 431 individuals consisting of 19 species and 11 genus were recorded. Generally, the range of values of diversity index (H) was between 0,85-1,06  (low to medium level). The evennes index (J) values was ranged from 0,81 to 0,89 (high level) while the richness index (D) was 2,47-3,58 (low level). Lythophyllon repanda, Lythophyllon concinna and Fungia fungites were the most dominant mushroom coral spesies in the Amurang Bay waters.

Phytoplankton species turnover controlled by physical forcing at different time scales

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrine Pannard ◽  
Myriam Bormans ◽  
Yvan Lagadeuc
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physical Forcing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Changes in the physical and chemical environment induced by forcing events such as wind and rain can control the short-term dynamics of the phytoplankton community of inland waters. In two temperate reservoirs, species composition, diversity index, and species dynamics were characterized over periods of 3 weeks during different seasons, in parallel with changes in the physical and chemical structure of the water column. Dominant species and diversity index were shown to be controlled by environmental factors fluctuating on a seasonal and weekly time scale, whereas some rarer species responded to wind events and were indicators of a very short-term environmental change. As a consequence of the response of indicator species, the rate of change in species composition increased following meteorological events. Shifts in species composition were observed during each sampling period, except during the strongest stratification period. The shifts were associated with a modification of resource availability or intensity of stratification. We found that the resistance of the phytoplankton community to short-term physical forcing by wind increased with intensity of stratification. After the forcing event, the community did not return to its original structure because of modifications of the physical and chemical conditions induced by meteorological forcing on a weekly time scale.

Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbance Measures on Plant Diversity of Understory Vegetation in Moso Bamboo Forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4288-4293
Author(s):  
Yan Rong Fan ◽  
Shuang Lin Chen ◽  
Hua Lin ◽  
Qing Ping Yang ◽  
Yi Cong Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Moso Bamboo Forest

Anthropogenic disturbance measures have complex effects on understory plants. In order to establish a theoretical basis for moso bamboo forest sustainable management, three types of moso bamboo forests with many years not weeding, hilltops weeding and herbicides weeding were choosed. And species names, numbers and coverages of all arbors, shrubs, herbs and vines were recorded in every quadrat. Species composition and α-diversity were analyzed to compare understory vegetation under the three types of moso bamboo forests with consistent stand structure and site conditions. There are four major findings in this study: (1) 74 species belonged to 47 families and 58 generas which are recorded in the three types of moso bamboo forests. Many years not weeding, hilltops weeding and herbicides weeding are respectively 33 families 39 genera 40 species, 33 families 37 genera 41 species and 37 families 43 genera 49 species. (2) Dominant species of arbors and shrubs within hilltops weeding and herbicides weeding moso bamboo forests are less than the ones of many years not weeding moso bamboo forest, whereas dominant species of herbs increased. Meanwhile, co-dominant specie of arbors is Cunninghamia lanceolata, shrubs is Rubus reflexus, and herbs are Melastoma dodecandrum and Dicranopteris dichotoma. (3) Richness of herbicides weeding and hilltops weeding moso bamboo forests is significantly lower than (p<0.05) the one of many years not weeding moso bamboo forest, and Containing absolute abundance diversity index (I) of hilltops weeding moso bamboo forest is also significantly lower than (p<0.01) many years not weeding moso bamboo forest. The differences of Simpson dominance index (C), Simpson diversity index (D),Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) and Pielou evenness index (J) among the three types of moso bamboo forests are not significant. Considering understory plant diversity and system structure stability analysis, anthropogenic hilltops weeding measure is suggested to be used for understory vegetation interference.

scholarly journals Fish assemblages along a morphodynamic continuum on three tropical beaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie E. M. C. C. Oliveira ◽  
André L. M. Pessanha
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Estuarine Beaches ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A comparative study involving three mesotidal beaches from reflective to estuarine states was conducted between October 2010 and September 2011 in the estuary of Mamanguape River, northeastern Brazil. The aim was to test for differences in fish assemblages along a morphodynamic continuum, particularly the effects of wave action. In total, 3,732 fish from 71 species were examined; Rhinosardinia bahiensisand Atherinella brasiliensisdominated the estuarine beach, whereas Trachinotus carolinus dominated the reflective beach. Fish assemblages were structured by spatial differences among the sites, and overall abundance, richness and biomass demonstrated a clear increasing trend from the reflective to the estuarine beaches, indicating a primary influence of wave exposure in the measured parameters. The Mamanguape River estuary plays a crucial ecological role as a nursery for several species that depend on its resources and have adapted to the high variability of its physical and chemical factors and the diversity of its habitats.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS ECHINODERMATA DI KAWASAN INTERTIDAL GILI MENO, LOMBOK UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
M. Irsyad A. Ghafari ◽  
Gito Hadiprayitno ◽  
M. Liwa Ilhamdi ◽  
Noar Muda Satyawan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
The Stability

AbstrakEchinodermata merupakan salah satu kelompok invertebrata yang memegang peranan penting, baik secara ekologi maupun ekonomi. Pengetahuan tentang organisme ini sangat dibutuhkan terkait dengan keberadaannya di alam yang semakin tergerus oleh pembangunan dan aktivitas manusia yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas Echinodermata di kawasan intertidal Gili Meno, Lombok Utara, yang dilakukan pada bulan April 2018 di 6 stasiun pengamatan yang tersebar di kawasan intertidal. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode belt transect dengan pengulangan sebanyak 2–4 kali pada setiap stasiun, dengan luas transek 100 m2. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 13 spesies yang berasal dari 4 kelas Echinodermata, yaitu Asteroidea (1 spesies), Echinoidea (4 spesies), Holothuroidea (4 spesies), dan Ophiuroidea (4 spesies). Hasil penghitungan indeks ekologi menunjukkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman komunitas Echinodermata berkisar antara 0,16–1,36 (kategori rendah-sedang). Indeks dominansi di setiap stasiun berkisar antara 0,32–0,94 (kategori rendah-sedang), sedangkan indeks kemerataan sebesar 0,25 (kategori rendah). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa stabilitas komunitas Echinodermata di kawasan intertidal Gili Meno tergolong rendah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pembangunan kawasan wisata yang ramah lingkungan tanpa mengabaikan keberadaan sumber daya hayati laut di kawasan Gili Meno, Lombok Utara.Abstract Echinoderms are one group of invertebrates that play an essential role, both ecologically and economically. Knowledge about this organism is needed concerning its presence in nature, which increasingly eroded by the development and activities of people who are not environmental friendly. This study aims to determine the structure of the Echinoderms community in the intertidal area of Gili Meno, North Lombok, were conducted on April 2018 at six observation stations. Data were collected by belt transect method with repetition of 2–4 times at each station, with 100 m2 transect area.  The observations showed that found 13 species included in 4 classes of Echinoderms, namely Asteroidea (1 species), Echinoidea (4 species), Holothuroidea (4 species) and Ophiuroidea (4 species). The ecological index of the Echinoderms community showed that the diversity index ranged from 0.16–1.36 (low-medium). The dominance index at each station ranged from 0.32 to 0.94 (low-medium), while the evenness index was 0.25 (low). The stability of the Echinoderms community in Gili Meno intertidal area relatively low. The results expected to be a reference in the development of environmentally friendly tourism areas without ignoring the existence of living aquatic resources in the Gili Meno, North Lombok.

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