Tourism Research is an Academic Field or a Multidisciplinary Subject, a Systematic Literature Review on Theoretical Development in Tourism Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Lodhi ◽  
Ahmad Ali Harasis ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Nohman Khan ◽  
Muhammad Imran Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
History Of

The relatively short history of tourism research is characterized by an ongoing debate on whether tourism is an independent academic field or an independent field of research with sole characteristics. In scientific research, tourism has been approached by different disciplines using different theoretical backgrounds and methods. That could conclude that tourism, lacking its theory and method, is merely a research object. This study is formulating the overall theoretical development of tourism research. For this purpose, two reputed databases, web of science and Scopus, are select to review the literature. Quality assessment criteria of inclusion and exclusion are followed by PRISMA statement 2015 for better results. The final 47 studies are selected after the comprehensive process. The classification of literature is a critical phase, and theories are used in tourism research are discussed in detail, and social exchange theory, theory of planned behavior, and tourism theories are more commonly discussed in the literature. The bibliometric analysis is done to find the collaborations on citations and co-occurrence of the author's keyword in the literature used. Finally, the study's findings show that tourism research is about the theories that are the focus of the literature. The surfacing of the literature is strongly recommended that the tourism research is individual discipline.

scholarly journals Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Interracial Marriage ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Market Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Marriages ◽  
Racial Lines

This paper studies marriages across black, white, and Asian racial lines. Marrying across racial lines is a rare event, even today. Interracial marriages account for approximately 1 percent of white marriages, 5 percent of black marriages, and 14 percent of Asian marriages. Following a brief history of the regulation of race and romance in America, I analyze interracial marriage using census data from 1880–2000, uncovering a rich set of cross-section and time-series patterns. I investigate the extent to which three different theories of interracial marriage can account for the patterns discovered. After also testing a social exchange theory and a search model, I find the data are most consistent with a Becker-style marriage market model in which objective criteria of a potential spouse, their race, and the social price of intermarriage are central.

scholarly journals Post-Neo-Kantianism. What is this?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jan Noras
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kantian Philosophy

The article attempts to define the concept of “post-neo-Kantianism” based on the nature of its relationship to the concept of “neo-Kantianism”. Concerning this matter, the author poses the following tasks: to characterize the phenomenon of neo-Kantianism, to point out the problems of its definition, to identify the relevance of the term “post-neo-Kantianism” and its relation to the philosophy of I. Kant in particular. The author emphasizes the need to introduce this term in the classification of philosophy of the XX century with the appropriateness of building the model of “Kantianism - Neo-Kantianism - Neo-Neo-Kantianism - Post-Neo-Kantianism”, where each new stage is determined by the nature of the reflection of thinkers of a certain period over the fundamental philosophical problems articulated in Kant's “Critics”. Among the post-Neo-Kantians, A. Noras names thinkers traditionally considered to be german phenomenologists, such as E. Husserl and M. Heidegger: it is from the philosophical concept of Husserl that one can speak of the emergence of post-Neo-Kantianism, and the semantically correct interpretation of Heidegger, according to author, is most clearly understood in the framework of Baden Neo-Kantianism. Investigating the phenomenon of post-Neo-Kantianism, the need is established for answering a question regarding the preceding Neo-Kantian tradition, within which there is still a number of contradictions unresolved in the history of philosophy regarding the classification of Neo-Kantian schools and the distinction between the two periods of Neo-Kantianism: early (classical) and late (“correct”). Neo-Kantianism shows the relevance of Kantian philosophy, highlighting the ongoing debate about understanding the Kantian “Critique of Pure Reason”. Post-Neo-Kantianism plays an important role in terms of the perspectives of modern Kant studies, which include Gottfried Martin, Manfred Brelage, or Hans-Michael Baumgartner.

scholarly journals Olga Pankratievna Teslenko, the Enthusiast and Innovator of Scientific Research: to the 50th Anniversary of the First Edition of the Library Bibliographic Classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-672
Author(s):  
Olga E. Fedulova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Kononova
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
National Library ◽  
Schedule Optimization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Priority Table

The article examines the biography of Olga Pankratieva Teslenko (1911—1974), the eminent library scientist, developer and the first chief editor of the Library bibliographic classification (LBC). Her name is inextricably linked with the history of the national Library bibliographic classification and introduction of LBC in the practice of libraries.The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance of personality of the scientific supervisor in the formation of potential of sustainable development of the national classification system, ensuring its fundamental nature, comprehensiveness and integrity at all stages of the LBC development.The completion of publication of LBC schedules for scientific libraries (1960—1968) became an outstanding event in the national library science. Theoretical development of the LBC was most fully reflected in the Introduction to the Classification and in the numerous articles published in special periodicals. There were formulated theoretical and philosophical principles of LBC construction, substantiated the sequence of the main classes, the principles of classification of sciences. O.P. Teslenko has developed the priority table of LBC index signs for their automatic ordering. O.P. Teslenko made significant contribution to the study of issues related to the use of LBC as a language for automated information search. She carried out a lot of work on the analysis of LBC schedules in the light of the requirements of the automated information retrieval system (IRS) and developed the program of schedule optimization. As scientific supervisor, O.P. Teslenko created organizational structure for coordinating activity with the largest libraries of the country, their interaction with scientific and branch institutions and organizations cooperating in the development of the national classification.O.P. Teslenko’s articles on LBC, published in press, have found the response abroad, were translated into many languages and still serve as a source of theoretical and methodological basis in research studies on classification of sciences and library and information activities.

To Understand the Informal (on the Book BY V. L. Tambovtsev “Economics of Informal Institutions”)

2015 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
A. Zaostrovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Classification

The review considers the first attempt in the history of Russian economic thought to give a detailed analysis of informal institutions (IF). It recognizes that in general it was successful: the reader gets acquainted with the original classification of institutions (including informal ones) and their genesis. According to the reviewer the best achievement of the author is his interdisciplinary approach to the study of problems and, moreover, his bias on the achievements of social psychology because the model of human behavior in the economic mainstream is rather primitive. The book makes evident that namely this model limits the ability of economists to analyze IF. The reviewer also shares the author’s position that in the analysis of the IF genesis the economists should highlight the uncertainty and reject economic determinism. Further discussion of IF is hardly possible without referring to this book.

Assessment criteria for aggregate social welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2358-2371
Author(s):  
S.A. Moskal'onov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Exchange Economy ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Impossibility Theorem ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Arrow's Impossibility Theorem ◽  
History Of

Subject. The article addresses the history of development and provides the criticism of existing criteria for aggregate social welfare (on the simple exchange economy (the Edgeworth box) case). Objectives. The purpose is to develop a unique classification of criteria to assess the aggregate social welfare. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and mathematical analysis. Results. The paper considers strong, strict and weak versions of the Pareto, Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky, and Samuelson criteria, introduces the notion of equivalence and constructs orderings by Pareto, Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky, and Samuelson. The Pareto and Samuelson's criteria are transitive, however, not complete. The Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky citeria are not transitive in the general case. Conclusions. The lack of an ideal social welfare criterion is the consequence of the Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, and of the group of impossibility theorems in economics. It is necessary to develop new approaches to the assessment of aggregate welfare.

COLLECTING THE PERSONAL ORIGIN DOCUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR PERIOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Elena M. Burova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

The article covers the issues of initiative acquisition of archives in the documents of personal origin during the Great Patriotic War, the organization of work to identify and collect the wartime documents. Collecting documents of ordinary citizens, in particular letters from the front and to the front is analyzed. Proposals to create the specialized archives of documents on the history of the war were never implemented. Quite a lot of the actions, search operations and expeditions were conducted in the country, for example, the “Chronicle of the Great Patriotic War”, the “Frontline letter”, the “Search”, the “Memory”, etc., during which a significant number of documents of war participants and home front workers were collected and stored. Not so much of the documents of personal origin of the war participants are concentrated in the archives. In general, there prevails the collection type of organization for storing documents from the period of the Great Patriotic War. With reference to the corpus of documents of personal origin of the war period the research literature pays its attention mostly to correspondence and diaries, memoirs. Historians and archivists, analyzing wartime letters, offer different classifications depending on the authors, recipients, subjects, etc. The article provides a generalized classification of letters based on their inherent similarities. The author also analyzes the reasons for a small number of extant diaries and memoirs, and provides examples of their classification. Likewise the article describes current approaches to the collection of personal papers within the frames of the Moscow Glavarkhiv project “Moscow – with care for history” and the Ministry of Defense project “The Memory Road”.

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
А. Н. Сухов
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This given article reveals the topicality not only of destructive, but also of constructive, as well as hybrid conflicts. Practically it has been done for the first time. It also describes the history of the formation of both foreign and domestic social conflictology. At the same time, the chronology of the development of the latter is restored and presented objectively, in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The article deals with the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The subject of social conflictology includes the regularities of their occurrence and manifestation at various levels, spheres and conditions, including normal, complicated and extreme ones. Social conflictology includes the theory and practice of diagnosing, resolving, and resolving social conflicts. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics, and classification of social conflicts. Therefore, it is no accident that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social conflicts. Without this, it is impossible to talk about effective settlement and resolution of social conflicts. Social conflictology is an integral part of conflictology. There is still a lot of work to be done, both in theory and in application, for its complete design. At present, there is an urgent need to develop conflict-related competence not only of professionals, but also for various groups of the population.

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