Zawartość metali ciężkich jako czynnik determinujący bezpieczeństwo spożywania syropu brzozowego i kategorię jego rejestracji

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Bilek ◽  
Aleksandra Mielnik ◽  
Stanisław Mielnik ◽  
Sławomir Bakier
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Introduction. Birch syrup is a unique foodstuff produced only in the several areas of the world through the evaporation of water from birch sap. It is a sweetener addition to various dishes and, at the same time, a rich, comprehensive source of minerals. The Polish forest environment provides sufficient raw material base for the production of birch syrup, but previous studies of native birch sap have highlighted the significant content of heavy metals. Aim. Verify the cadmium and lead content in birch syrup produced from the sap of birches growing on agricultural land in a region considered ecologically clean. Material and methods. Birch sap collection was carried out on 7-16 March 2019. The daily volume of sap from 20 trees was evaporated to a syrup consistency (68.5 ± 1.15°Brix) to obtain a foodstuff that complies with the recommendations. Cadmium and lead content was examined in an accredited laboratory using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. An increase in heavy metal content has been observed over time. The cadmium content ranged from 0.16 to 0.36 mg/kg, and for lead, respectively 0.046 to 0.14 mg/kg. These concentrations should be considered high and disqualifying birch syrup in the light of health safety standards specified for the vast majority of foodstuffs. In addition, the very high percentage of implementation of the TWI for cadmium, already when consuming small amounts of birch syrup, indicates that its home production and consumption may be associated with serious health risks. Conclusions. Dietary supplements are the only category of foodstuffs for which the measured levels of cadmium and lead did not exceed the permitted safety standards. Registration of birch syrup as a dietary supplement is fully justified by the statutory definition of this group of foodstuffs, a form that allows dosage in limited quantities, as well as the chemical composition, characterized by a high content of minerals.

The interasin raw material base of coke-chemical production of Ukraine: Problems of charge formation, its preparation and coking

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Popov ◽  
V.I. Gavrilyuk ◽  
N.V. Mukina ◽  
E.T. Kovalev ◽  
I.D. Drozdnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Charge Formation

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF USE LAND IN CONDITIONS OF INFRINGEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Oksana Sakal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Land User ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Welfare Theory

The article is devoted doctrinal issues of environmental and economic effectiveness of use land in conditions of infringement of institutional transformations. The modern approaches to the definition of content of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use are analyzed. It is established that the overwhelming majority of domestic researchers interpret this notion regarding the use of agricultural land or farm land. It is proved that such an approach is justified, taking into account the structure of the land fund of Ukraine. However, this reduces other goals of the land user and functions of the land. It is proposed to investigate the category of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use in accordance with the provisions of the ecological economics, social welfare theory, and concept of total economic value. Based on the classification of land functions, the criteria of selection material content and social form of ecological and economic effectiveness of land use are determined.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ownership Data from Consolidated Land Threatened by Water Erosion in the Vlára Basin, Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pagáč Mokrá ◽  
Jakub Pagáč ◽  
Zlatica Muchová ◽  
František Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Water erosion is a phenomenon that significantly damages agricultural land. The current land fragmentation in Slovakia and the complete ambiguity of who owns it leads to a lack of responsibility to care for the land in its current condition, which could affect its sustainability in the future. The reason so much soil has eroded is obvious when looking at current land management, with large fields, a lack of windbreaks between them, and no barriers to prevent soil runoff. Land consolidation might be the solution. This paper seeks to evaluate redistributed land and, based on modeling by the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method, to assess the degree of soil erosion risk. Ownership data provided information on how many owners and what amount of area to consider, while taking into account new conditions regarding water erosion. The results indicate that 2488 plots of 1607 owners which represent 12% of the model area are still endangered by water erosion, even after the completion of the land consolidation project. The results also presented a way of evaluating the territory and aims to trigger a discussion regarding an unambiguous definition of responsibility in the relationship between owner and user.

scholarly journals Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rusin ◽  
Joanna Domagalska ◽  
Danuta Rogala ◽  
Mehdi Razzaghi ◽  
Iwona Szymala
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractChemical contamination of foods pose a significant risk to consumers. A source of this risk is due to the consumption of products contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The aim of the study was to research the levels of Cd and Pb contamination of selected species of vegetables and fruits in the form of fresh, frozen, dried and processed products. The goal was to verify which of these food groups was more contaminated with heavy metals. The study covered 370 samples of fruits and vegetables including apples, pears, grapes, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, as well as beetroots, celeries, carrots and tomatoes. The content of Cd and Pb was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Quantitative results were analyzed using statistical models: analysis of variance, outlier analysis, post-hoc multiple comparison Tukey test. The tests showed that the levels of Cd and Pb concentration in samples of fresh, processed, frozen and dried fruits and vegetables varied substantially. The highest concentrations were recorded in dried products. Several fruit and vegetable samples exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of Cd and Pb. The contamination of these products could be a significant source of consumer exposure to heavy metals when these products are a part of the diet.

Cadmium and lead content in Hypericum sp. collected from different areas of Serbia and in its commercial herbal mixture and oil

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. S180-S181
Author(s):  
Danijela Djukic-Cosic ◽  
Marijana Curcic Jovanovic ◽  
Zorica Plamenac Bulat ◽  
Vesna Matovic
Keyword(s):  
Lead Content ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

scholarly journals Determination of cadmium and lead in beverages after leaching from pewter cups using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Talanta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgana B. Dessuy ◽  
Maria Goreti R. Vale ◽  
Bernhard Welz ◽  
Aline R. Borges ◽  
Márcia M. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Study on Influence of Silicate Morphology Based on pH Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Ya Jing Liu ◽  
Yong Lin Cao ◽  
Li Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Stability

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

The 3 C's of the Circular Economy for Food. A conceptual framework for circular design in the food system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Fassio
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Circular Design

Food, the basic connecting unit of all the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, plays a crucial role in the ecological transition towards a circular economic paradigm. This paper takes scientific considerations as a starting point in order to contribute to the definition of a theoretical-operational framework in which to grow the Circular Economy for Food. This is a still-open question in a sector of the circular economy that is emerging as vital to sustainable development. The 3 C's of Capital, Cyclicality and Co-evolution offer a systemic, holistic vision of the food system's role. Within this conceptual framework, the designers can find the main boundaries of the system, within which to express their creativity. The aim must be to avoid damaging relationships with the best supplier of raw material known to humanity (Nature), respecting planetary boundaries and at the same time offering a fair space to civil society.

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