Opiekun dziecka jako sprawca urazu nieprzypadkowego w obrębie uzębienia. Część I. Identyfikacja zjawiska w aspekcie środowiskowym

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Godowska ◽  
Joanna Zemlik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Key Factor

Introduction. The problem of non-accidental injury has long been analyzed as a public health problem generating high social and economic costs. Aim. The aim of the study is to present views on the etiology of occurrence of the phenomenon of child abuse and its identification in order to take effective interventions interrupting the phenomenon of improper handling of a child. Material and methods. The publications in the PubMed scientific database were reviewed by applying the search criteria for the following keywords in Polish and English: “non-accidental injuries”, “children and adolescents”, “child abuse”, “identification of the phenomenon”, “perpetrator’s psychological profile”, “improper handling of the child”, “social and economic costs”, “public health”. Results. Medical community plays an important role in diagnosing non-accidental injuries. For a dental team, that may be dealing with physical violence injuries, correctly taken medical history and compliance of information provided by the child’s caregiver with visible head and neck post-traumatic injuries is the key factor to differentiate the origins of the trauma. By recognising the multifaceted risk factors in regards to child abuse (resulting due to the environment, the structure of the family, the life situation of the parent or directly related to the child), medical team will be required to intervene to stop child abuse. Conclusions. The authors of studies from various countries agree that despite many publications on the occurrence of the phenomenon of improper handling of a child, there is a need to constantly work on the competences of professionals in the child’s environment – including the dental environment, which can and should effectively respond to violence against children.

scholarly journals Multiple Magnetic Foreign Bodies Causing Severe Digestive Tract Injuries in a Child

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmin Si ◽  
Baofeng Du ◽  
Lei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Magnetic Elements

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common emergency as well as a major cause of accidental injury and represents a severe public health problem in childhood, especially in infants. Most cases of FB ingestion reported in children aged between 6 months and 3 years depend primarily on the fact that young children are more likely to explore objects using their mouth and are not able to distinguish edible objects from nonedible ones, their teeth are physiologically lacking, and they have poor swallowing coordination. Although, sometimes it can cause serious complications, FB ingestion generally has a low mortality rate. However, accidental ingestion of magnetic toys, as a rare kind of FB mostly encountered in children, has now become more common due to the increased availability of objects and toys with magnetic elements. The majority of magnetic FB traverse the gastrointestinal (GI) system spontaneously without complication, but in rare cases may cause severe damages to the GI tract due to its special pathogenesis [Kay and Wyllie: Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005;7: 212–218]. Ingestion of multiple magnets may be related to increased morbidity resulting in a delay of recognition of FB injury that can lead to serious complications and require surgical resolution.

scholarly journals Gender Violence in the Women of Azogues

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
María de los Ángeles Estrella-González ◽  
Isabel Cluet de Rodríguez ◽  
Paola Elizabeth Pérez-Uchuari ◽  
Mónica Viviana Siguenza-Bermeo ◽  
Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Level Of Instruction

- Gender violence is an issue that generates worldwide impact, in addition to being a public health problem, since there are high levels of patrimonial, psychological, physical and sexual violence that occur daily and are not reported due to fear, omission and Justification, that is why the importance of carrying out this research is born. Describe gender violence in women who attend the Health Center No. 1 of Azogues. Non-experimental study of descriptive, analytical, prospective and cross-sectional type with a quantitative approach. The participants were Women 15 to 49 years of age who went to an outpatient clinic. A survey was designed that included sociodemographic factors and consisted of 27 questions, which collected data on the types of patrimonial, psychological, physical and sexual violence. Results were obtained from 351 women who made up the established sample, where more than 50% belonged to the young adult population, they showed patrimonial violence 22.5%, Psychological 45.6%, Physical 20.8% and sexual 13, one%. There is a level of positive significance between age and patrimonial, psychological and physical violence, marital status with all types of violence and the level of instruction with a level of negative significance related to patrimonial, psychological and physical violence.

scholarly journals VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
ALTAF PERVEZ QASIM ◽  
MUHAMMAD ANWER SULEHRI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem

Background: Violence against women is an important public health problem. It has global significance regarding violation of human rights. Violence is an important risk factor related to ill health of women, having far reaching consequences affecting physical, social, mental and reproductive health of the victims. Objectives: To study the various types of interpersonal violence against women and find out the magnitude of physical violence and sexual assault among the victims. Study Design: A descriptive hospital record based study. Setting & Duration: The study was conducted from January to December 2005 in casualty out patient department of Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College (PMC), Faisalabad. Methodology: Total 286 cases of violence, who reported for medico-legal examination during calendar year 2005, were included in the study. The cases of physical violence / sexual assault were examined in detail. Findings were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among total 286 cases, 221 (77%) victims were married, and commonly involved age group was 21–30 years accounting for 82 (28.68%) victims. Blunt trauma was sustained by 193 (67.50%) victims, sharp edged weapon affected 17 (6.0%) cases, firearm bears the responsibility in 13 (4.54%) victims, a mix pattern of injuries by sharp / blunt objects was observed in 8(2.80%) females and (1.75%) women were said to be burnt. Forty-three (15%) cases were reported as victims of alleged sexual assault with peak incidence during 2nd decade of life in age group 11–20 years involving 23 (53.5%) cases. Among total 43 cases of sexual assault, 27 (63%) victims belonged to rural areas. Twenty Eight (65%) unmarried girls were subjected to sexual assault. In 43 sexual assault victims, semen was detected in 28 (65%) cases, 13 (30%) cases were negative; whereas reports of 2 (5%) cases were not available in the record. Conclusions: The cases of physical violence are common in Faisalabad and incidence of sexual assault is higher in rural areas more commonly affecting the unmarried young girls. There is need to attend this public health problem with concrete efforts to stop the violence against women & reduce the incidence of sexual assaults. 

Opiekun dziecka jako sprawca urazu nieprzypadkowego. Część II. Badanie podmiotowe i przedmiotowe w ujęciu wiktymologicznym

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Zemlik ◽  
Beata Godowska
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Non Accidental Injury

Introduction. Post-traumatic injuries are significant problems of paedodontic dentistry that parents with children urgently report to dental practice. Aim. The aim of the study is to indicate the necessity of maintaining the victimological awareness of the dental team in assessing injuries of deciduous and permanent teeth in terms of differentiating accidental and non-accidental injuries. Material and methods. The publications in the PubMed scientific database were reviewed by applying the search criteria for the following keywords in Polish and English: “non-accidental injury”, “children and youth”, “perpetrator of abuse”, “phenomenon identification”, “interview and clinical examination”. Results. Interview and clinical examination are among the basic diagnostic tools for correct diagnosis, which results in the implementation of proper therapeutic management in a child after an injury. This also an opportunity to observe disturbing behavior of children that may indicate abuse. Regardless of the provided information, the subject examination is verifying the compliance of an interview with post-traumatic injuries arising in a simple physical mechanism – the greater the energy, the greater destruction. This will provide relevant information that verifies the compliance of the interview with the clinical examination, thanks to the reliable victimological knowledge of the dentist, results in the correct diagnosis, implementation of appropriate treatment, and child abuse intervention. Conclusions. The likelihood of a child’s non-accidental injury requires medical professionals to take decisive action to protect the child from the effects of physical violence in particular during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which minors forced by the external situation spend more time with perpetrators of abuse, they are more exposed to harm. Victimology education and an appropriate response to child abuse will allow for effective intervention regarding both the therapeutic process and measures to prevent further harm to children.

scholarly journals Mongolian spot

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Roshan Bista ◽  
Prativa Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Lumbar Area ◽  
Mongolian Spot

Colorful skin spots on a pediatric patient can easily be mistaken as signs of child abuse.  Professionals should therefore gain knowledge about Mongolian spots; also known as Mongolian blue spots. These are flat, congenital and benign birthmarks, commonly located in sacro-coccygeal or lumbar area of an infant. Child abuse is a major public health problem across the world. The most common manifestations of physical child abuse are cutaneous, and their recognition and differential diagnosis are of great importance. Mongolian spots may appear as signs of child abuse; however, Mongolian spots are harmless.

scholarly journals Prevention and Contrast of Child Abuse and Neglect in the Practice of European Paediatricians: a Multi-national Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani ◽  
Nigri Paola ◽  
Corsello Giovanni ◽  
Nigri Luigi ◽  
Bali Donjeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Shared Risk

Abstract Background: Child abuse and neglect, or maltreatment, is a serious public health problem, which may cause long-term effects on children’s health and wellbeing and expose them to further adulthood vulnerabilities. Studies on child maltreatment performed in Europe are scarce, and the number of participants enrolled relatively small. The aim of this multi-national European pilot study, was to evaluate the level of understanding and perception of the concepts of child abuse and neglect by European paediatricians working in different medical settings, and the attitude toward these forms of maltreatment in their practice.Methods: The study was performed by a cross-sectional, descriptive, online survey, made available online to European paediatricians members of 50 national paediatric, who belonged to four different medical settings: hospital, family care, university centres and private practice. The questionnaire, designed as a multiple choice questions survey, with a single answer option consisted of 22 questions/statements. Frequency analyses were applied. Most of the data were described using univariate analysis and Chi-squared tests were used to compare the respondents and answers and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 applied.Results: Findings show that European paediatricians consider the training on child maltreatment currently provided by medical school curricula and paediatric residency courses to be largely insufficient and continuing education courses were considered of great importance to cover educational gaps. Physical violence was recognized by paediatricians mostly during occasional visits with a significant correlation between detecting abuse during an occasional visit and being a primary care paediatrician. Results also showed a reluctance by paediatricians to report cases of maltreatment to the competent judicial authorities.Conclusions: Data of this study may provide useful contribution to the current limited knowledge about the familiarity of European paediatricians with child maltreatment and their skills to recognize, manage and contrast abusive childhood experiences in their practice. Finally, they could provide local legislators and health authorities with information useful to further improve public health approaches and rules able to effectively address shared risk and protective factors, which could prevent child abuse and neglect from ever occurring.

scholarly journals Prevention and contrast of child abuse and neglect in the practice of European paediatricians: a multi-national pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Nigri ◽  
Giovanni Corsello ◽  
Luigi Nigri ◽  
Donjeta Bali ◽  
Giorgina Kuli-Lito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Shared Risk

Abstract Background Child abuse and neglect, or maltreatment, is a serious public health problem, which may cause long-term effects on children’s health and wellbeing and expose them to further adulthood vulnerabilities. Studies on child maltreatment performed in Europe are scarce, and the number of participants enrolled relatively small. The aim of this multi-national European pilot study, was to evaluate the level of understanding and perception of the concepts of child abuse and neglect by European paediatricians working in different medical settings, and the attitude toward these forms of maltreatment in their practice. Methods The study was performed by a cross-sectional, descriptive, online survey, made available online to European paediatricians members of 50 national paediatric, who belonged to four different medical settings: hospital, family care, university centres and private practice. The questionnaire, designed as a multiple choice questions survey, with a single answer option consisted of 22 questions/statements. Frequency analyses were applied. Most of the data were described using univariate analysis and Chi-squared tests were used to compare the respondents and answers and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 applied. Results Findings show that European paediatricians consider the training on child maltreatment currently provided by medical school curricula and paediatric residency courses to be largely insufficient and continuing education courses were considered of great importance to cover educational gaps. Physical violence was recognized by paediatricians mostly during occasional visits with a significant correlation between detecting abuse during an occasional visit and being a primary care paediatrician. Results also showed a reluctance by paediatricians to report cases of maltreatment to the competent judicial authorities. Conclusions Data of this study may provide useful contribution to the current limited knowledge about the familiarity of European paediatricians with child maltreatment and their skills to recognize, manage and contrast abusive childhood experiences in their practice. Finally, they could provide local legislators and health authorities with information useful to further improve public health approaches and rules able to effectively address shared risk and protective factors, which could prevent child abuse and neglect from ever occurring.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Maxillofacial Trauma in the Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital between 2014-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Laura Alexandra Grigorie ◽  
Carmen Daniela Domnariu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Clinical Emergency

Abstract Worldwide, trauma is the sixth leading cause of death and represents 10% of all-time mortality, being a serious public health problem with significant social and economic costs. This study aims at analysing the costs regarding the maxillofacial trauma of the patients admitted to the Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, during the period 2014-2017 as well as comparisons regarding the costs of the different treatment methods.

scholarly journals Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Alfredsson ◽  
Bruce K. Armstrong ◽  
D. Allan Butterfield ◽  
Rajiv Chowdhury ◽  
Frank R. de Gruijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Eyes Closed

This article aims to alert the medical community and public health authorities to accumulating evidence on health benefits from sun exposure, which suggests that insufficient sun exposure is a significant public health problem. Studies in the past decade indicate that insufficient sun exposure may be responsible for 340,000 deaths in the United States and 480,000 deaths in Europe per year, and an increased incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, autism, asthma, type 1 diabetes and myopia. Vitamin D has long been considered the principal mediator of beneficial effects of sun exposure. However, oral vitamin D supplementation has not been convincingly shown to prevent the above conditions; thus, serum 25(OH)D as an indicator of vitamin D status may be a proxy for and not a mediator of beneficial effects of sun exposure. New candidate mechanisms include the release of nitric oxide from the skin and direct effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on peripheral blood cells. Collectively, this evidence indicates it would be wise for people living outside the tropics to ensure they expose their skin sufficiently to the sun. To minimize the harms of excessive sun exposure, great care must be taken to avoid sunburn, and sun exposure during high ambient UVR seasons should be obtained incrementally at not more than 5–30 min a day (depending on skin type and UV index), in season-appropriate clothing and with eyes closed or protected by sunglasses that filter UVR.

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