scholarly journals The Economic Significance of Work Experience for Elderly Employment in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Kritsada Wattanasaovaluk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Do So

A rapid demographic change to the aging and aged population in Thailand has led to a reduction in the labor force, and an increasing concern about the economic potential of the country. Therefore, a study of older adults who are capable of working, and an analysis of the significance of their work experience is vital for public policy. An analysis of the data from the 2018 Labor Force Survey in Thailand demonstrates that older adults in the age groups of 60-64 and 65-69 who are capable of working constitute 24.2% and 21.2% of the population, respectively. Among these older adults are retirees, who have the highest potential because they are well educated and highly experienced. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to correct the selectivity bias in the analysis of the return on work experience. The results indicate that the marginal return on work experience is 2.75% for high-skilled occupations. There are similar results for semi-skilled and low-skilled occupations (1.99% and 1.73%), however, diminishes more rapidly in the latter than in the former. These findings indicate that the value of experience increases with occupations that require skills, and diminishes significantly in jobs that mainly require physical strength (i.e., low-skilled occupations). This study suggests that older adults with the potential to do so should be encouraged to remain active in the labor market, and that labor demand is enhanced by emphasizing the value of their experience.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and health characteristics of older adults cared for by a multiprofessional family health team

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Tatiana Silveira Marzola ◽  
Maycon Sousa Pegorari ◽  
Lislei Jorge Patrizzi ◽  
Suraya Gomes Novais-Shimano
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiprofessional Team ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Family Health Team ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Population aging may give rise to a greater burden of diseases and disabilities, leading to the greater use of health services and the need for studies of the aged population. Health care teams and specialized residency programs constitute a strategy for the monitoring of older adults’ health status. Objective: To investigate the socioeconomic profile and health status of older adults in different age groups cared for by a multiprofessional family health team. Methods: This cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 249 older adults registered in a Family Health Strategy (FHS) program in Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Socioeconomic and health status data were collected through home interviews using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square analysis was used for descriptive and bivariate analyses (p < 0.05). Results: Most older adults aged 60-70 years were functionally independent, married and had a mean monthly income of 1-3 times the Brazilian minimum wage. Older adults aged 70 - 79 years made use of 1 - 3 medications and had morbidities such as depression, cataract and glaucoma. There was a greater proportion of illiterates in the age group 80 years or over. Conclusion: Socioecnomic and health status were associated with age groups. Of note, there was a higher prevalence of medication use and morbidities among older adults aged 70 -79 years. The knowledge of these characteristics helps FHS team members to implement more accurate and customized strategies and interventions to deliver more effective and efficient care to older adults. Moreover, participation in a multiprofessional team provides an interdisciplinary learning and work experience for health professionals.

scholarly journals The Role of Intergenerational Neighborhood Relations for Precarious Aging During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 531-531
Author(s):  
Anna Wanka
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Neighborhood Relations ◽  
Do So

Abstract Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, the immediate living environment has significantly gained importance - particularly for people framed as ‘risk-groups’, such as older adults. Effects of contact restrictions to contain the spread of the virus have affected inequalities, uncertainties and loneliness in later life differently depending on the intergenerational relations, informal infrastructures of provisioning and networks of solidarity given in a certain neighborhood. The paper presents findings from a recent mixed-methods study in Frankfurt, Germany, combining a quantitative survey (n=1.000) with a longitudinal qualitative study (n=60). Results show how intergenerational neighborhood relations can play a crucial role in mediating risks of pandemic precariousness in later life, but also how older adults themselves significantly contributing to neighborhood networks of provisioning. Strengthening such very local relations is key to protecting all age groups from the effects of crises beyond the pandemic, and, in conclusion, ways to do so are being discussed.

scholarly journals Age and Socioeconomic Gradients in Frailty Among Older Adults in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Ravindra Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradients ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Age Patterns

Abstract Although individuals with frailty and lower socioeconomic status (SES) are vulnerable to morbidity and early mortality, few studies have investigated this association. We intend to fill this gap with a study using older adults aged ≥ 50 years from the SAGE WAVE II in India. The Aim of study is to examine the association of frailty with SES and how this association varies across different age groups. A modified Fried phenotype approach with five frailty indicators was used to categorize 6560 older adults as frail, pre-frail or robust who had more than two, one or zero indicators, respectively: grip strength, exhaustion, weight loss, walking speed and physical activity. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the likelihood of being pre-frail and frail for various levels of SES, controlling and not controlling for confounders. This study also shows the overall socioeconomic gradients and age patterns of socioeconomic gradients of frailty indicators using predicted probabilities. Approximately 26%, 55% and 20% participants were robust, pre-frail and frail, respectively. The number of frailty indicators was positively associated with lower income and education levels in the case of controlling and not controlling for confounders. Also, among the higher age groups, individuals with low SES had higher chances of being frail.Overall, the results in this research indicated a negative low SES and frailty association as found in previous studies worldwide. This highlights the need for comprehensive and centered public health interventions for older adults with low SES.

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Video Games and Emotion Regulation

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Preferences

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Czernochowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

The Effect of Labor-Demand Shocks on Women’s Participation in the Labor Force: Evidence from Palestine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belal Fallah ◽  
Marcelo Bergolo ◽  
Iman Saadeh ◽  
Arwa Abu Hashhash ◽  
Mohamad Hattawy
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Demand Shocks ◽  
Women's Participation

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONGST STUDENTS IN UTTAR PRADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kohli ◽  
Neha Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Postgraduate Level

This research paper analyses factors that impact entrepreneurial intention among graduate and postgraduate students enrolled in professional courses at government and private institutes in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The objective of this study is to analyze whether the student’s academic background, demographic profile and family background impact various factors that affect entrepreneurial intention. The study was conducted during 2015-16 on a sample of 460 student respondents across various cities of Uttar Pradesh.The results of the analysis indicate that students of male gender, belonging to higher income, in older age groups, having work experience, enrolled in government institutes, belonging to business background and enrolled at postgraduate level are more likely to consider entrepreneurship as a more attractive career option, perceive that it is easier to start and do business, have more positive perception about family and societal support they receive in entrepreneurial career choice, are more open to risks and are more confident about their entrepreneurial skills and knowledge . The students having work experience, enrolled in government institutes, and belonging to business background are more likely to find availability of capital as a constraint in entrepreneurial career. The students belonging to older age groups, having work experience and enrolled in government institutes are more likely to consider availability of land/premise and resources as a constraint in entrepreneurial choice. The findings of this study will be instrumental in understanding and in designing policy imperatives for promoting entrepreneurship in the state.Key Words: Entrepreneurial intention, Students, Demographic factors, Family background, Educational background.

scholarly journals ‘Too old to test?’: A life course approach to HIV-related risk and self-testing among midlife-older adults in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Johnson ◽  
Moses Kumwenda ◽  
Jamilah Meghji ◽  
Augustine T. Choko ◽  
Mackwellings Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Self Testing

Abstract Background Despite the aging HIV epidemic, increasing age can be associated with hesitancy to test. Addressing this gap is a critical policy concern and highlights the urgent need to identify the underlying factors, to improve knowledge of HIV-related risks as well as uptake of HIV testing and prevention services, in midlife-older adults. Methods We conducted five focus group discussions and 12 in-depth interviews between April 2013 and November 2016 among rural and urban Malawian midlife-older (≥30 years) men and women. Using a life-course theoretical framework we explored how age is enacted socially and its implications on HIV testing and sexual risk behaviours. We also explore the potential for HIV self-testing (HIVST) to be part of a broader strategy for engaging midlife-older adults in HIV testing, prevention and care. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurrent themes and variations. Results Midlife-older adults (30–74 years of age) associated their age with respectability and identified HIV as “a disease of youth” that would not affect them, with age protecting them against infidelity and sexual risk-taking. HIV testing was felt to be stigmatizing, challenging age norms, threatening social status, and implying “lack of wisdom”. These norms drove self-testing preferences at home or other locations deemed age and gender appropriate. Awareness of the potential for long-standing undiagnosed HIV to be carried forward from past relationships was minimal, as was understanding of treatment-as-prevention. These norms led to HIV testing being perceived as a threat to status by older adults, contributing to low levels of recent HIV testing compared to younger adults. Conclusions Characteristics associated with age-gender norms and social position encourage self-testing but drive poor HIV-risk perception and unacceptability of conventional HIV testing in midlife-older adults. There is an urgent need to provide targeted messages and services more appropriate to midlife-older adults in sub-Saharan Africa. HIVST which has often been highlighted as a tool for reaching young people, may be a valuable tool for engaging midlife-older age groups who may not otherwise test.

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