scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF EXTRACT Cannabis sativa L. ON LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-643
Author(s):  
Bojan Konstantinović ◽  
Jovana Šućur ◽  
Mirjana Kojić ◽  
Nataša Samardžić ◽  
Senka Vidović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Variant

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. belongs to highly invasive weed species. In mid-1900s, the cultivation of this species as a forage crop led to its invasiveness (Peerzada et al., 2017). Yield losses it causes are up to 57-88% on very important agricultural and horticultural crops (Peerzada et al., 2017). It is highly tolerant to herbicides and rapid vegetative growth makes it difficult to control. Finding new methods that will help combat invasive species with less environmental impact is gaining importance. Allelopathy is very important for finding new compounds that can be used to combat invasive weeds (Arora et al., 2015). Allelochemicals are very important in relationship between plants and their environment (Cespedes et al., 2014). McPartland (1997) points to repellent and pesticidal properties of Cannabis sativa L.The aim of this study is to investigate allelopathic effect of C. sativa L. extract on lipid peroxidation activity in leaves of treated plants of S. halepense (L.) Pers.Extract obtained by the classical extraction process was applied at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25% and 10%, while the control variant was not treated. Plants of S. halepense L. (Pers.) were in the initial stages of growth when extract was applied. Experiment was performed under field conditions. Plants respond to adverse environmental effects by changes in biochemical processes (Sunmonu & Van Staden, 2014). Sampling of treated plants was performed after 6h and 24h. Biochemical analyzes of fresh leaves of S. halepense (L.) Pers. lipid peroxidation activity was determined.C. sativa L. extract caused changes in the lipid peroxidation activity of S. halepense (L.) Pers. Increased activity was only in variant of application of the highest concentration of extract with a statistically significant difference in both sampling moments. Value of monitored activity in control variant was 73.18 nmol MDA / g SBM while in variant with 100% application of the extract it was 99.36 nmol MDA / g SBM after 6h. After 24 h, a value of 100% extract of 80.02 nmol MDA / g SBM was obtained, as opposed to control with a lipid peroxidation value of 68.27 nmol MDA / g SBM. Other variants of application did not show statistically significant differences with respect to control after 6 h from moment of treatment. Less pronounced differences in obtained values were observed in variants with 50%, 25% and 10% compared to control after 24 h.An increase in lipid peroxidation activity in variants using 100% C. sativa L. extract is a response to plant exposure to stress, thus proving an allelopathic effect on treated plants.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens L.) on Germination and Growth of Some Weed Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tamer Üstuner ◽  
Kamal Almhemed ◽  
Muhammad Al Sakran ◽  
Menderes Üstüner
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Germination And Growth

The experiment was implemented by CRD design with three replications and lasted for 40 days, from 5 October until 15 November 2020. Four extract concentrations of D. graveolens 0, 2, 6, and 10% were used. The concentration of 0% was considered as control. The allelopathic effect has been studied on five weed species; Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Sorghum halepense L., and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. The research also aimed to determine the effect of Stinkwort extract on the growth of tomato seedlings. All concentrations affected seed germination for all studied weeds. The concentration of 10% was more influential in growth-related indicators compared to other concentrations. The seeds of L. multiflorum and rhizomes of S. halepense were more tolerant to D. graveolens allelochemicals in germination rate than A. retroflexus, P. oleracea, and C. campestris. All concentrations led to a reduction in the weed heights and the wet and dry weights compared with the controls. The effect of the extract with various concentrations was catalytic for the growth of tomato seedlings, as the average height of tomato seedlings was in direct proportion to the concentration.

scholarly journals Germination Ecology of Ivy-Leaved Morning-Glory: an Invasive Weed in Soybean Fields, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SIAHMARGUEE ◽  
M. GORGANI ◽  
F. GHADERI-FAR ◽  
R. ASGARPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

ABSTRACT: Ivy-leaved morning-glory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.) is an exotic species that is becoming an increasing problem in soybean fields of Golestan province, Iran. Because little information is available on the biology of this weed species in Iran, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different factors on seed germination and emergence of Ivy-leaved morning-glory. Maximum germination occurred at constant temperature of 20 oC (82%) and alternating temperature of 15/25 oC (94%). Germination was reduced with increasing salinity and drought stresses. Sodium chloride concentration and osmotic potential that inhibited 50% maximum germination were -1.64 and -1.03 MPa, respectively. Acidity was a limiting factor for the germination, due to inhibiting effect of alkaline conditions on germination. However, the results showed that high temperature pretreatment >100 oC decreased seed germination. Germination decreased from 82 to 3% as temperature increased from 100 to 130 oC. There was no significant difference between seedling emergence in burial depths of 1 to 10 cm, but emergence reduced with increasing burial depth from 10 to 14 cm, and no seedling was emerged from a depth of 15 cm. The results of the flooding experiment also revealed that the seeds of this species are sensitive to this stress, so that emergence was 9% after 3 d flooding.

PALYNOLOGICAL PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALLERGENIC AND INVASIVE WEEDS PLANTS FOR BIODIVERSITY IN DISTRICT LAKKI MARWAT USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
KHUSHDIL Khan ◽  
Fawad Khan ◽  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
KHAN BAHADAR Marwat
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Polar Diameter ◽  
Asteraceae Family

A total of 16 different allergenic and invasive weed species belonging to 12 different families collected from different areas of study area. Among the studied plants, most of the species belong to the Asteraceae family. For morphological studies of pollen through LM and SEM the samples were acetalized. We done the fieldwork for the collection of weed plants and also performed the experimental work i.e. SEM and LM for the pollen morphology. Most of the species recorded with pollen of tricolporate and echinate. Species belonging to Asteraceae were considered as most abundant and allergenic as compared to others. The maximum polar diameter was noted in the Convolvulus arvensis is 40.00 µm and the minimum were noted in Oxalis corniculata is 6.15 µm. Maximum exine thickness was noted in convolvulus arvensis is 3.70 µm and Minimum were noted in Sorghum halepense is 1.65 µm. It was noticed that most of the allergenic and invasive weeds found in plain areas of Lakki Marwat during September and April. Present study provides information about the allergenic and invasive weeds plants and their threats to biodiversity. The pollen of such weed plants causes asthma and atopy disease in humans.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Jasminum Officinale on Weed Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Steliana RODINO ◽  
Marian BUTU ◽  
Alina BUTU
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Radicle Elongation

Allelopathy is generally defined as any direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effect of one plant on another mediated by the production allelochemicals. The scope of this study was the evaluation of the potential allelopathic effect of Jasminum officinale against some weed species.  The effects of extracts obtained from root, stem and leaves of J. officinale, were evaluated against ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and Johnsonn grass (Sorghum halepense). The aqueous leachates of jasmine demonstrated promising allelopathic potential by inhibiting seed germination and radicle elongation of all tested species. The more profound research in the field of allelopathy will eventually lead to the development of bioproducts designed for pest or weed control using allelochemicals.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens L.) on Germination and Growth of Some Weed Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Tamer Üstuner ◽  
Kamal Almhemed ◽  
Muhammad Al Sakran ◽  
Menderes Üstüner
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Germination And Growth

The experiment was implemented by CRD design with three replications and lasted for 40 days, from 5 October until 15 November 2020. Four extract concentrations of D. graveolens 0, 2, 6, and 10% were used. The concentration of 0% was considered as control. The allelopathic effect has been studied on five weed species; Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Sorghum halepense L., and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. The research also aimed to determine the effect of Stinkwort extract on the growth of tomato seedlings. All concentrations affected seed germination for all studied weeds. The concentration of 10% was more influential in growth-related indicators compared to other concentrations. The seeds of L. multiflorum and rhizomes of S. halepense were more tolerant to D. graveolens allelochemicals in germination rate than A. retroflexus, P. oleracea, and C. campestris. All concentrations led to a reduction in the weed heights and the wet and dry weights compared with the controls. The effect of the extract with various concentrations was catalytic for the growth of tomato seedlings, as the average height of tomato seedlings was in direct proportion to the concentration.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicides on the Management of the Invasive Weed Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Jackline Abu-Nassar ◽  
Maor Matzrafi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Solanum Rostratum ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Late Growth

Solanum rostratum Dunal is an invasive weed species that invaded Israel in the 1950s. The weed appears in several germination flashes, from early spring until late summer. Recently, an increase in its distribution range was observed, alongside the identification of new populations in the northern part of Israel. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide application for the control of S. rostratum using two field populations originated from the Golan Heights and the Jezreel Valley. While minor differences in herbicide efficacy were recorded between populations, plant growth stage had a significant effect on herbicide response. Carfentrazone-ethyl was found to be highly effective in controlling plants at both early and late growth stages. Metribuzin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and tembutrione showed reduced efficacy when applied at later growth stage (8–9 cm height), as compared to the application at an early growth stage (4–5 cm height). Tank mixes of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen with different concentrations of surfactant improved later growth stage plant control. Taken together, our study highlights several herbicides that can improve weed control and may be used as chemical solutions alongside diversified crop rotation options. Thus, they may aid in preventing the spread and further buildup of S. rostratum field populations.

Optimization and characterization of flavonoids extracted from Cannabis sativa fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110277
Author(s):  
Qilu Cui ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Chongwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Degumming Process

In this paper, the extraction process of flavonoids from hemp fibers was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of the extraction parameters indicated that optimized results would be ethanol concentration 76 vol.%, bath ratio 1:50, and reaction time 139 min; therefore, an optimal extraction rate of flavonoids of 0.2275% can be obtained. The chemical structure, surface morphology and element composition of flavonoid extracts were analyzed. The test results indicated that hemp extract contains flavonoids, which can be used to extract flavonoids from hemp fiber, so as to comprehensively develop hemp fiber and reduce the discharge of waste liquid in the traditional degumming process.

scholarly journals Using a concentrate of phenols obtained from olive vegetation water to preserve chilled food: two case studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fasolato ◽  
Barbara Cardazzo ◽  
Stefania Balzan ◽  
Lisa Carraro ◽  
Nadia Andrea Andreani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
The Impact

Phenols are plant metabolites characterised by several interesting bioactive properties such as antioxidant and bactericidal activities. In this study the application of a phenols concentrate (PC) from olive vegetation water to two different fresh products – gilt-head seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>) and chicken breast – was described. Products were treated in a bath of PC (22 g/L; chicken breast) or sprayed with two different solutions (L1:0.75 and L2:1.5 mg/mL; seabream) and then stored under refrigeration conditions. The shelf life was monitored through microbiological analyses – quality index method for seabream and a specific sensory index for raw breast. The secondary products of lipid-peroxidation of the chicken breast were determined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) test on cooked samples. Multivariate statistical techniques were adopted to investigate the impact of phenols and microbiological data were fitted by DMfit software. In seabream, the levels of PC did not highlight any significant difference on microbiological and sensory features. DMfit models suggested an effect only on H<sub>2</sub>S producing bacteria with an increased lag phase compared to the control samples (C: 87 h <em>vs</em> L2: 136 h). The results on chicken breast showed that the PC bath clearly modified the growth of <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>. The phenol dipping was effective in limiting lipid-peroxidation (TBARs) after cooking. Treated samples disclosed an increase of shelf life of 2 days. These could be considered as preliminary findings suggesting the use of this concentrate as preservative in some fresh products.

scholarly journals Defense Mechanisms of Two Pioneer Submerged Plants during Their Optimal Performance Period in the Bioaccumulation of Lead: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Li ◽  
Linglei Zhang ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Xiaojia He ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mda Content

Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, two pioneer, submerged plants, effectively remove heavy metals from contaminated water. The present work evaluates the bioaccumulation and defense mechanisms of these plants in the accumulation of lead from contaminated water during their optimal performance period. C. demersum and H. verticillata were investigated after 14 days of exposure to various lead concentrations (5–80 μM). The lead accumulation in both C. demersum and H. verticillata increased with an increasing lead concentration, reaching maximum values of 2462.7 and 1792 mg kg−1 dw, respectively, at 80 μM. The biomass and protein content decreased significantly in C. demersum when exposed to lead. The biomass of H. verticillata exposed to lead had no significant difference from that of the controls, and the protein content increased for the 5–10 μM exposure groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were much higher in C. demersum, suggesting considerable damage from lipid peroxidation and sensitivity to lead stress. Enzyme inhibition and inactivation were also observed in C. demersum at high lead concentrations (40–80 μM). The excellent growth status, low damage from lipid peroxidation, and high activity of catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) observed in H. verticillata illustrate its better tolerance under the same lead stress.

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