scholarly journals Zuo Si (250–305) as the founder of the tradition of poems about daughters in classical Chinese poetry

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Daria Evgenevna Malakhevich
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

Zui Si (250–305) is a prominent Chinese poets of the early Middle Ages, however, his poetic heritage and translations of his works are fragmentary within the Russian sinology. His poetry is characterized by pronounced individuality, depicted within the framework of Chinese tradition. Special attention is given to female images in the lyrics of Zuo Si. The remarkable poem “My Beloved Daughters” is the first poem about daughters within the Chinese tradition, which gave rise to the entire subgenre that existed until the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). This article analyzes the poetics of the poem “My Beloved Daughters” by Zuo Si. The conclusion is made that the main feature of this poem, which determined the poetics and all its imitations, is the use of classical techniques characteristic to gongti shi (宫体诗), i.e. palace-style poetry, which creates a comic effect and casts doubt on the traditional gender stereotypes. The novelty of this research consists in examination of the works of the Chinese poet of the early Middle Ages Zuo Si from the perspective of gender poetics. The author’s special contribution lies in the full literal translation of the poem “My beloved Daughters” by Zuo Si, which is conducted in the Russian language for the first time.

scholarly journals On the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Viсtoriya Sergeevna Shatokhina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western European ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is the African paremiology. The object is the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language. The author examines the chronology of studying this field of linguistics by Western European and African scholars, cites their major works, and describes the peculiarities of their scientific views. Special attention is given to the works of the founders of African paremiology, as well as the perspective of modern scholars of Tanzania and Kenya upon the scientific heritage of proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article employs the theoretical research methods, namely the comparison of theoretical works in the Swahili and English languages. The analysis of a wide range of works in the Swahili language alongside the works of certain European authors, allows reconstructing the chronology of the process of studying Swahili paroemias, as well as highlighting most prominent African and European scholars in this field of linguistics. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that this topic is viewed in the domestic African Studies for the first time; foreign linguists also did not pay deliberate attention to this question. The author’s special contribution consists in translation of the previously inaccessible materials of the African and Western European into the Russian language, which helps the linguists-Africanists in their further research.

Root with Alternation of -ravn-/-rovn- (From Materials of the Academic Description of Russian Spelling)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
E. V. Arutiunova ◽  
E. V. Beshenkova ◽  
O. E. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The study investigates the rule of spelling the root -ravn-/-rovn- and is considered to be a fragment of the academic description of Russian spelling, which is currently being under investigation at the Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors clarify the meanings that determine the spelling of the unstressed root, supplement the lists of exceptions, denote words with meanings not corresponding to the given values-criteria, and, for the first time in linguistics, investigate the words that can be correlated with different values-criteria, that is, they have double motivation. The rule codifies the spelling of words that have double motivation and fluctuate in usus, dictionaries, study guides and reference books. Spelling recommendations for these words correspond to the current linguistic norm and were approved by the Spelling Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019. The linguistic commentary to the rule contains the most significant etymological facts concerning the root -ravn-/-rovn- and summarises the scientific and methodological attempts to figure out the distribution of vocabulary with root -ravn-/-rovn- based on the meanings selected in the spelling rules. In the paper it is shown that the instability in spelling of various verbs with the root -ravn-/-rovn- in modern writing and dictionaries is determined by the double motivation of words, as well as contradictory recommendations and gaps in the rules.

Reading literacy and periphrastic capacity in the context of individual language development

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
E. V. Arkhipova ◽  
L. V. Lagunova
Keyword(s):  
Information Age ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Informational Texts ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
New Information ◽  
Didactic Texts ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The aim of the study was to develop linguistic and methodological theoretical aspects of training the skill of paraphrasing, which constitutes an important element of reading literacy. To this end, the authors reviewed research and educational publications in the field of teaching the Russian language and conducted a pedagogical experiment to analyse pedagogical processes. Interrelation between the infosphere and axiosphere of Russian language lessons within the pedagogical discourse involves the division of didactic texts into informational and axiological, including modern linguistic and ethnographic texts that manifest Russian cultural concepts in the new information age. It is shown that various aspects of teaching paraphrasing and interpretation techniques on the basis of informational texts have already been elucidated quite efficiently. However, formation of the axiological component of reading literacy (teaching to paraphrase on the basis of linguo-ethnographic texts) has been undertaken within the framework of the present study for the first time. These issues should be considered comprehensively, in the context of language and values-based development of a personality.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS. COMPLEX OF ALGORITHMS OF “CLUTCH-TO-CLUTCH SHIFTS” TECHNOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURE, GENERALIZED STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT. PART 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (56) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Leonid G. KRASNEVSKIY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmissions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Functional Purpose

The article continues the series of the author publications, which considers the main provisions of the “Clutch-to-Clutch Shifts” (CTC) technology — technology for automatic controlling the switching of automatic transmission (AT) stages, used in the global mass production of vehicles, hybrid and battery electric vehicles. It provides high-quality shifts, brought to the level of continuously variable transmissions. Development of power units in recent years has led to a rapid increase in the number of AT stages, which is accompanied by a complication of kinematic schemes, designs, control algorithms and, in general, an increase in the role of mechatronic control systems (MCS) in ensuring their high technical level. Effectiveness of the CTC technology depends on the perfection of the algorithms used. But their composition is not specified, which, with a large amount of information, makes it difficult for potential users to navigate in this set. In this paper, we propose (for the first time in the Russian language) the generalized structure of a set of standard algorithms necessary for the implementation of this technology in the AT MCS, which is developed on the basis of their selection from a pre-formed database of patents and publications on the theory and technology of AT control, following classification and grouping by functional purpose. For each item of the structure, there are links to patents with matching names. Detailed descriptions of several typical CTC algorithms in the AT MCS of General Motors patents are given.

scholarly journals Negative Russian Pronoun Что

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-658
Author(s):  
Irina V. Trufanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Substitution Method ◽  
Linguistic Understanding ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sentence Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Genitive Case

For the first time in linguistics, the article distinguishes negative pronouns of a pronoun-noun and pronoun-adjective. Their lexical meanings, grammatical features and syntactic functions are determined. A negative pronoun is a noun that means nothing (in Russian both - ничто and ничего ), a negative Russian pronoun что meaning whatever, none. Both pronouns function as the principle sentence component, mainly in negative genitive sentences or as a predicate in a two-memberSubject-Predicate sentence. Subject of a pronoun-noun, which is expressed by the noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective, which is an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. Subject combined with a pronoun-noun could be expressed by a noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective что , which could also be formed by an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. The meanings of both negative pronouns are syntactically limited (by the function of the predicate or the principle component of the negative genitive sentence) and structurally determined (be found in the construction with the dative of the authorizer). The meaning of a negative pronoun-adjective is also phraseologically confined, a negative pronoun is an adjective that is always used with the Russian words like проку, толку, выгоды, пользы, прибыли, добра . Three meanings stand out for a negative pronoun ничто : 1) ontological vacuum, nonexistence, absence of an object; 2) something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention; 3) denial of the significance of a person, insignificance. A negative pronoun что is a noun that means something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention (or (as it were) the absence of something/someone (for the authorizer)), or absence (of benefit). A negative pronoun что is an adjective that has one of the meanings of a negative pronoun-adjective никакой meaning none of the available or possible. Despite the indeclinability, a negative pronoun что expresses the noun-meanings of the nominative and genitive cases, while being a negative pronoun-adjective to denote the genitive case, either masculine or feminine. The data collected is retrieved from the National Corps of the Russian Language (NCRL). As the main methodological technique, the substitution method was applied. The theoretical basis of the article was the work on homocomplexes, functional homonyms, poly-functional words, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results allow us expand the linguistic understanding of the semantic and grammatical nature of the pronoun as well as the issue of pronoun syncretism in general, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy of the classes of pronouns, as well as the varieties of genitive sentences. The data collected can be useful for lexicographic practice: compiling dictionaries of homonyms, grammatical homonyms, explanatory dictionaries, as well as to clarify the typology of one-member sentences. The relevance of the topic is determined by the necessity to establish the full list of pronouns in the Russian language, as well as the importance of studying the phenomena of functional homonymy, transition and syncretism and the importance of solving the problem of distinguishing homonymy and polysemy.

scholarly journals Features of artistic translations of the Saami poets into the Russian language

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-623
Author(s):  
V. B. Bakula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

Introduction: the article is devoted to the topical issue of cross-cultural relations of Kola Saami literature. The subject of the analysis is the interlinear translations of the Saami poets’ works into the Russian language. Objective: to identify the equivalence of translations of the Saami authors into the Russian language in the transmission of cultural meanings, values, and ethnic psychology. Research materials: the poetic works of the Saami authors and variants of their translations. Results and novelty of the research: the article analyzes Russian-Saami literary contacts for the first time. The focus of the work is on the accuracy and peculiarities of translations of the Saami poets into the Russian language. The analysis of the material allowed us to conclude that poetic translations of the Saami authors into the Russian language do not always accurately recreate the meanings and images of the interlinear translations, which is due to the complexity of the task in translating national literature. The Russian translators saturate the text with poetic liberties; adorn it with visual and expressive means that reflect the Russian national color; include Russian proverbs, sayings and stable phrases, religious and Christian notions; use translations as an excuse to create their own poem, which, in turn, distorts the general meaning of the original, deprives it of ethnicity, and makes poetic translations of Saami interlinear translations culturally adapted, authorized, and ethnocentric.

scholarly journals Yuly Aykhenvald and Petr Bitsilli: Reconstruction of the philosophical and aesthetic dialogue

Literary Fact ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 322-336
Author(s):  
Elena Takho-Godi
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
Russian Poetry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Literature And Language

The article compares for the first time the philosophical and aesthetic views on Russian literature and language of two prominent representatives of Russian abroad — the critic Yu.I. Aykhenvald (1872–1928) and the medievalist, interpreter of Russian classics P.M. Bitsilli (1879–1953). A full overview of factual materials identified to date is given, confirming the mutual interest of Yu.I. Aykhenvald and P.M. Bitsilli: documents from P.M. Bitsilli collection at the Institute of Russian literature (Pushkin House) of the RAS, Yu.I.Aykhenvald’s review from the Berlin newspaper “Rul'”on P.M. Bitsilli’s “Studies on Russian Poetry”, obituary of Yu.I. Aykhenvald, which was published by P.M. Bitsilli in the Sofia newspaper “Golos”. Among the issues raised are the impact which Aykhenvald’s immanent method of analyzing a literary text had on P.M. Bitsilli’s aesthetically individualizing method, the approaches of both authors to solving the morphology of Russian culture and philosophy of the nation, the connection of the Pushkin theme with thoughts about the fate of post-revolutionary Russia and Russian language in their works, which they articulated during the discussion of S. and A. Volkonsky’s book “In defense of the Russian language”.

Approaches to the study of the Russian as a native language in primary school

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Irina A. Pavlinova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
National Language ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Language Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

This study is a logical continuation of the work “On the formation of value attitude to the Russian language study at school”, which addressed the issues of language learning in three aspects: as a state, as a native and as a foreign language. In July 2018, Russia adopted the law “On the study of native languages” for the first time. Along with other national languages, for the first time Russian was considered not only as a state language, but also as a national language, requiring special attention and study. In this regard, we raise the problem of the choice of scientific approaches to the native Russian language study at the first stage of education. We study the course of “native Russian language”, define its goals and objectives and propose a list of scientific and methodological approaches to its teaching. We offer the native Russian language study from the position of four scientific aspects: axiological, communicative-activity, linguocultural and hermeneutic. The essence of each presented approaches is analyzed from the standpoint of the degree of study, development, expediency of use in primary school in theory and practice. We connect the conclusions about the success of applying the presented approaches to the native Russian language study, first of all, with the teachers, who should be an example of real knowledge of the Russian language, love for it, recognize and appreciate the richness of the native culture. We note that the introduction of additional hours of the Russian language is not intended to level the gaps in the students’ knowledge of basic course of the Russian language. Native language study should contribute to the formation of students’ perception of themselves as part of Russian culture, to form a valuable attitude not only to the language, but also to its study.

scholarly journals Говор деревни Койды Мезенского района Архангельской области (в сопоставлении с соседними говорами)(

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margje Post
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The North ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Sea Coast

The present article deals with the dialect of Kojda, a village situated on the White Sea coast in the Mezen' rajon of the Archangel'sk oblast'. The dialects of the Archangel'sk oblast' are poorly described, because most of the area is not included in the Dialect Atlas of the Russian Language (DARJa).The dialects spoken to the north of the Northern Dvina developed from the Old Novgorod dialect of the first Russian settlers, who came in the Middle Ages. Kojda was founded at a later stage, in the 17th century, presumably by people from neighbouring settlements. A large proportion of the present population, however, are descendants of Old Believers from Novgorod.The main part of the article consists of an enumeration of the main dialectical features of Kojda. These features were found on a tape recording of an 88-year old inhabitant of the village. These dialectal char-acteristics were compared with data from several publications dealing with dialects from the Archangel'sk oblast', in particular with dialects from the Pinega rajon, which is situated near Kojda.Most features are typical of the Archangel'sk dialects. An exception is the comparatively open pronunciation of the Old Russian jat'. Some data suggest that there are more features which are not typical of all dialects of the Archangel'sk oblast', but further research is needed. My findings suggest that the dialect of Kojda is more similar to the Pinega dialects than might be expected from the literature, though it seems to be less archaic.

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