MONITORING OF RADIATION POLLUTION OF THE TERRITORY OF THE CHORNOBYL ZONE

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
Victor Movenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
The State ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Chernobyl Zone

Urgency of the Research. Thirty-five years have passed since the Chernobyl accident. During this time, the environment has undergone constant changes under the influence of natural and human factors. Knowledge of these changes is impossible without the separation of anthropogenic processes from natural, which is why they organize special observations on various parameters of the biosphere, which change as a result of human activity. It is in the observation of the environment, the assessment of its actual state, and the forecasting of its development, that the essence of monitoring of radiation pollution of the territory of the Chernobyl zone is under the present conditions. Target setting. Investigation of modern technological procedures and technical means of monitoring to further create a system of integrated radiological control of the environment will ensure the prevention and elimination of negative changes in the state of the environment in the territory of both the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) and throughout Ukraine. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Recent publications and reports on open access concerning the problems of monitoring of radiation pollution of the Chernobyl zone in the current conditions have been considered. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Maintaining integrated radio-ecological environmental monitoring in areas where radiation hazards are located requires constant monitoring and monitoring of the radiation environment in the environment in order to determine its level of contamination and respond quickly to emergencies and prevent possible radiation accidents, as well as to prevent their occurrence. and the environment. The research objective. Comprehensive monitoring of radiation pollution requires the adaptation of the RODOS system to the conditions of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and potential specific sources of emissions in the ChEZ, the creation of a complete register of collected data for the adaptation of the RODOS system to the conditions of the ChEZ, a systematic description of sources of emissions from forest fires, fires, during the decommissioning of the ChNPP. The statement of basic materials. The article deals with the issues of integrated radio-ecological monitoring of the environment in the areas of radiation hazard objects, the use of an automated radiation monitoring system (ASCRO), the implementation of a real time decision support system in response to nuclear accidents - RODOS in Chernobyl. Conclusions. The implementation of ASCRO and RODOS systems in the Chernobyl zone has allowed to create a comprehensive system of radio-ecological environmental monitoring of the state, regional and local levels, which is intended to solve the main tasks of environmental safety management, including, at high risk objects.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AFFECTED BY FOREST FIRE UNDER COMPLEX RADIATION CONDITIONS OF FIREFIGHTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (154) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
S. Azarov ◽  
R. Shevchenko ◽  
S. Shcherbak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Radiation Conditions

The paper deals with the problem of formation of general procedures for experimental study of environmental impact due to forest fire in complex radiation conditions of fire load formation and its further testing on the example of the ChNPP exclusion zone. The study carried out an experimental verification of the adequacy of the previously proposed methodological apparatus and identified the main directions of its further use as a basis for solving the problems of predicting the negative environmental impact on the environment. To this end, the following tasks have been solved:the general procedures of the methodology of experimental study of environmental impact due to forest fire in complex radiation conditions of fire load formation are formulated; a comprehensive experimental study was carried out using the developed method on the example of the fire load of the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Conducted studies in the field indicate that the content of radioactive smoke in the ground atmosphere of the Exclusion Zone can be dramatically increased by several orders of magnitude due to forest fires. Short-term (sever-al days) increased content of radioactive combustion products in the surface air can reach the level of radiation hazard for both the environment and directly for the life of the population living in a clean area at considerable distances (up to 30 km along the track axis) wildfire. The fires in the forests contaminated with Chornobyl radionuclide in the western trace due to the loss of TUE are of particular environmental danger, since the presence of plutonium combustion products in radioactive products results in significant dose loads for the environment and the population. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application for carrying out complex ecological audit of the territory, which is subject to secondary radiation influence both inside and outside the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl NPP. Keywords: ecological safety, forest fire, radiation exposure, complex fire load

scholarly journals Methodical apparatus for evaluating the state of aviation system safety and security

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Bachkalo ◽  
V. I. Zolotykh
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the existing problems that impede the effective safety management of the flights of the air forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. As a result, this analysis revealed the contradiction between the need to build a safety management system and the lack of effective mechanisms for assessing the state of the aviation system and taking into account the influence of the human factor of aviation professionals on flight safety. The contradiction identified the need for developing a set of methods to estimate the actual state of the aviation system protection from the effects of threats associated with the human factor of flight personnel. A methodological apparatus was developed for assessing the security status of an aviation system against hazardous factors, which is based on applying a personality-oriented approach to assessing and managing the state of an aviation system. The method of assessing the state of flight safety allows you to quantify the state of protection of the crew-aircraft system from the impact of hazards caused by the personal factor of a particular pilot before the flight and to assess in near real-time the state of protection of the crew-aircraft system during the flight. The method of assessing the state of safety in aviation formation allows you to assess the status of safety during the organization and conduct of flights, taking into account the influence of the human factor of flight personnel in  near real time.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF WBC/MONITORING OF FIREFIGHTERS PARTICIPATING IN RESPONSE TO CHORNOBYL FOREST FIRES IN APRIL–MAY 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
D. Bazyka ◽  
◽  
P. Fedirko ◽  
V. Vasylenko ◽  
O. Kolosynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Internal Radiation

Objective.of this study was to determine the levels of radionuclides in the rescuers’ bodies of the SES during firefighting in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and to assess the dose of internal radiation due to this receipt. Materials and methods. From 06.04.2020 to 19.05.2020 in the State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM) measurements of the content of incorporated gamma radionuclides on whole body counters (WBC) operational class «Screener-3M» (Minimum detected activity (MDA) is 300–500 Bq for 5 minutes of measurement at 137Cs) and expert high-sensitivity WBC (MDA is 20 Bq for 10 minutes of measurement at 137Cs). 470 people (523 measurements) in three groups of personnel of the SES of Ukraine who took part in the forest fire liquidation in the exclusion zone in the period from April 4 to May 5, 2020 were examined. Mathematical and spectrometric methods are used in the work. Results and conclusions. In the vast majority (95 %) of the personnel of the SES of Ukraine, examined at the WBC operational class «Screener-3M» (more than 500 measurements), the assessment of the values of the individual effective dose of internal radiation due to 137Cs in the body during firefighting, assuming that it receipt occurred during operation in the exclusion zone, did not exceed the minimum dose detected by MDD (5–14 μSv). The average value of the effective dose of internal radiation in the group of personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Kyiv, which participated in the elimination of forest fires in the exclusion zone from April 4 to May 5, 2020 (26 people) studied at the expert WBC, is 2.5 ± 1.1 μSv, in the group of personnel of the SES of Ukraine in Cherkasy region, which participated in the fire on April 19–24, 2020 (9 people) – 2.2 ± 0.6 μSv, in the group of personnel of the SES of Ukraine in the Kyiv region, which took part in the elimination of the forest fire in the exclusion zone on April 4 – May 5, 2020 (42 people) – 4.4 ± 2.4 μSv. Maximum values of 5.1 μSv, 3.5 μSv, 11.8 μSv in the groups of Kyiv city, Cherkasy and Kyiv regions, respectively, which is much lower than the basic dose limit for the population from man-made sources of 1000 μSv · year-1 according to the Law of Ukraine about protection of the person against influence of ionizing radiation. Key words: forest fire, Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, internal irradiation, whole body counters, 137Сs.

scholarly journals SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FIREFIGHTING IN RADIONUCLIDE-CONTAMINATED FORESTS OF THE CHORNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE

Fire Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
A. D. Kuzyk ◽  
D. V. Lagno
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Introduction. Forest fires are dangerous for people and environment. Their extinction requires appropriate human and material resources. Fires in the Chornobyl radionuclide-contaminated exclusion zone are especially dangerous. The purpose of paper is to analyze the causes of forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone, the characteristics of their elimination taking into account the danger of radioactivity and using protection equipment. Results. The causes for the occurrence of fires in the forests of the Chernobyl exclusion zone are natural and manmade. The clutter of forest areas creates preconditions for the emergence and spread of fire. Radioactive contamination of forests is caused by poor care. Illicit logging and illegal visitors to the exclusion zone contribute to the fires occurrence. In case of a fire, radioactive elements in dust and combustion products extend over long distances. Radionuclides fall on the skin of the firefighter and penetrate the body during of breathing. Dust contributes to dissemination of radionuclides and is caused by the movement of people, firefighting engines, and work of manual and mechanical means. To choose methods of forest fires extinguishing in conditions of radioactive contamination, it is necessary to take into account the avoidance or minimization of firefighters’ direct contact with radioactive materials. Each of the traditional methods of extinguishing fires has its advantages and disadvantages, taking into account cost, efficiency and safety. The paper analyses the following methods of extinguishing: striking on flame, using water, throwing ground into flame, extinguishing by explosion, creating mineralized strips, opposite burning, use of fire aviation, and artificial precipitation. Firefighters have to use appropriate protective clothing and personal protective respiratory equipment during extinguishing a fire in a radioactive environment. Conclusions. To eliminate a forest fire in a radiation-contaminated zone, it is necessary to choose the appropriate method of extinguishing, taking into account the radiation hazard, and to apply the appropriate personal protective equipment. The fire aviation allows eliminating a fire by avoiding direct contact of firefighters with a radiationcontaminated environment.

scholarly journals The state of mountain forest ecosystems in the Bashkir Nature Reserve (Southern Urals)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Ainur Biembetov ◽  
Nur Yanybayev ◽  
Ilnar Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Current State

Environmental monitoring of specially protected natural reservations in Russia makes it necessary to analyze periodically the parameters of natural reservations to identify the state of components of nature. The Bashkir Nature Reserve is located in the Southern Urals. The availability of materials on forest management in 1956, 1969, 1979, and 2016 is one of the special features of the scientific fund of the Bashkir Nature Reserve. The analysis of these materials showed stable positive dynamics of the development of coniferous and small-leaved deciduous forestry and its current state.

scholarly journals Data assimilation in Agent-based models using creation and annihilation operators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tang
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Null Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Agent-based models are a powerful tool for studying the behaviour of complex systems that can be described in terms of multiple, interacting ``agents''. However, because of their inherently discrete and often highly non-linear nature, it is very difficult to reason about the relationship between the state of the model, on the one hand, and our observations of the real world on the other. In this paper we consider agents that have a discrete set of states that, at any instant, act with a probability that may depend on the environment or the state of other agents. Given this, we show how the mathematical apparatus of quantum field theory can be used to reason probabilistically about the state and dynamics the model, and describe an algorithm to update our belief in the state of the model in the light of new, real-world observations. Using a simple predator-prey model on a 2-dimensional spatial grid as an example, we demonstrate the assimilation of incomplete, noisy observations and show that this leads to an increase in the mutual information between the actual state of the observed system and the posterior distribution given the observations, when compared to a null model.

scholarly journals MODELING OF THE OPERATIONAL SITUATION IN THE EXCLUSION ZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
A Tsyhankov ◽  
V Nizhnyk ◽  
Y Feshchuk ◽  
O Teslenko ◽  
Yа Ballo
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Empirical Dependence ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Fire Station ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Normative Response ◽  
Definition Of

The urgency of the work is due to the objective dynamics of changes in the level of man-made and natural threats in the exclusion zone and unconditional (compulsory) resettlement, increasing the volume of taskssolved by operational and rescue units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the need for security people who are, work and live in the Exclusion Zone. Potential threats and dangers in the exclusion zone and unconditional (compulsory) resettlement have been identified. The analysis of statistical data on the involvement of fire and rescue equipment for firefighting. The empirical dependence of the involvement offire and rescue equipment of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine on the elimination of fires in the exclusion zone during the year on their number has been established. It was found that most often 4 to 7 units of fire and rescue equipment of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine are involved in extinguishing fires. Based on the processing of numerical analysis of statistical data, the following conclusions were made: 95% of the time during the year, fire and rescue units are on duty (without calls); 438 hours a year put out single fires; Two hours a year, two fires are extinguished simultaneously. The analysis of calls by service time is carried out. It is established that the service time of calls of fire and rescue units in 25% of cases is up to 2 hours and in 22% of cases is 7-8 hours. An assessment of the locations of fire and rescue units and forest posts with the definition of their service areas. As a result of calculations, it was established that to ensure the normative response to fires at existing facilities in the exclusion zone, it is necessary to provide 4 additional locations of forces and means of fire and rescue units, as well as to ensure the functioning of the fire station on the Vector complex. 

scholarly journals Improving state policy on forest fire prevention and extinguishing: administrative and legal aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
M. V. Oleynik
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
The State ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention

In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the existing legal mechanisms for the formation of the state system for the prevention and elimination of forest fires, to outline ways to improve state policy in this area. The author presents the results of the analysis of the content of text arrays of normative legal acts regulating the prevention and elimination of forest fires. disaster Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The genesis of legislative acts reflecting the functions of the state to protect the population and territories from emergency situations is carried out. With the help of content analysis, the characteristics of various governing documents in the field under consideration are given. The main key points contained in the analyzed documents are shown. The positive and negative sides, as well as contradictions affecting the functioning of the RSChS and the functional subsystem of the Federal Forestry Agency for the protection of forests from fires and their protection from pests and forest diseases are revealed. The qualitative approach of content analysis allowed us to determine the content of problematic issues that are poorly reflected in regulatory legal documents, or have a logical contradiction when compared with each other. The proposals for improving the state policy in the field of prevention and elimination of forest fires in Russia are substantiated.

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