ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ILLEGAL AMBER MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF RIVNE OBLAST

2020 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Oleh Kachanovskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Impact

Research rationale. The current state of the natural environment in the northwestern part of Ukrainian Polissia is characterized by a huge-scale changes in cultivated lands. The reasons for the disturbance of the structure of natural landscapes are the unauthorized extraction of gemstones, in particular, amber. Problem statement. For Ukraine, this issue has become particularly acute as the environmental consequences of illegal mining are quite disastrous as far as the disturbed biotopes cannot be restored to their original state in a natural way without human intervention, thus they need to be recultivated. Analysis of recent studies and publications. The researches that cover the agenda include the issues of monitoring and determination of locations of lands disturbed due to illegal amber mining as well as the use and classification of lands disturbed as a result of mining industry’s activities. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The introduction of an economic and legal mechanism for compensating by the violator for damage caused by illegal amber mining and the failure to carry out land reclamation after the completion of mining operations will ensure more effective protection of the interests of the state and territorial communities as well as the rights of owners and exploiters of land plots, and will have a positive impact on reducing breaches of law in the area of land utilization. Objective of the research. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact on the environmental condition of the Rivne oblast as well as economic assessment of the extent of damage caused by illegal gemstones mining. Statement of basic materials. Obvious signs of negative anthropogenic impact related to unauthorized use of subsurface resources have been established, namely: the unauthorized removal of the fertile soil layer, excitation of the entire structure of the soil cover, hydrological regime, geological structure of the subsoil area, destroyed vegetation. At the same time, disturbance of land, both for forest and agricultural purposes of various forms of ownership. Following the researches, the extent of damage and compensation to the state resulting from the illegal mining of gemstones was determined. Conclusions under the article. On the territory of the Ukrainian Polissa the technogenic sand massifs and badlands are being intensively formed, which area is constantly increasing. The spread of such formations on the lands of forestry and agricultural purposes creates a threatening ecological and economic situation throughout the region.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT ON FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Pikaliuk ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Security ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF LAND RECLAMATION AND PROTECTION DURING MINING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Olga Igorevna Ivanova ◽  
Aleksey Vasilevich Kozhukhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Actual Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

The purpose of the study is to influence land resources during mining operations, and the main stages of land reclamation during mining on the example of the Tyradinsky gold Deposit, the "Zolotaya Tyrada" quarry, located in the Yenisei region of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The main factors of impact on land resources in the process of mining the field are considered; the analysis of measures to reduce the negative impact on land resources in the process of mining the field is carried out. The actual height and area of overburden dump not to exceed project, the reconfiguration of dumps allowed us to reduce the impact of mining on the environment, to avoid placing parts of the dumps in the water protection zone of the river Terada, thus there is no need of land allocation to forests of the first group and reduced the amount of removed topsoil. During the reclamation, potentially fertile soils (loam) taken from the quarry were used. There will be no deterioration in the impact on land resources during the liquidation process, due to the short duration of the work and within the existing land allotment.

scholarly journals Warlords, the United States, and the state of anarchy in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Azami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As part of its “War on Terror”, the United States (US) provided immense sums of money and advanced equipment to Afghan warlords in order to defeat and dismantle the Taliban and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Nearly two decades after the 2001 US-led intervention in Afghanistan that toppled the Taliban regime, the US continues supporting the warlords in various ways. As the intervention was also aimed at establishing a functioning state and reconstruction of the war-torn country, the US needed the support of local warlords to achieve its goals. However, over time, warlords and warlordism became a major challenge to the postTaliban state-building project and in many ways undermined the overall security and the state monopoly on violence. These warlords, who had been mostly expelled and defeated by the Taliban regime, returned under the aegis of the B52 bombers, recaptured parts of the country and reestablished their fiefdoms with US support and resources. They not only resist giving up the power and prestige they have accumulated over the past few years, but also hamper the effort to improve governance and enact necessary reforms in the country. In addition, many of them run their private militias and have been accused of serious human rights abuses as well as drug trafficking, arms smuggling, illegal mining and extortion in the areas under their control or influence. In many ways, they challenge the government authority and have become a major hurdle to the country’s emerging from lawlessness and anarchy. This paper explores the emergence and reemergence of warlords in Afghanistan as well as the evolution of chaos and anarchy in the country, especially after the US-led intervention of late 2001. It also analyzes the impact of the post-9/11 US support to Afghan warlords and its negative consequences for the overall stability and the US-led state-building process in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Impact of Financial Inclusion on Income Generation and Savings in Mountain Regions: A Case Study of Rural Households of Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kandari ◽  
Kusum Dobriyal ◽  
Uma Bahuguna
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
Caste Groups ◽  
The Impact

The major drive for financial inclusion started in the country mainly from year 2014 after the launch of Jan Dhan Yojana which focused mainly towards empowering dwellers of resource deprived and underdeveloped regions. Economic empowerment of such deprived sections is possible only when they are provided with ample opportunities for income generation in various economic activities. The prominent aim of financial inclusion is to facilitate residents of such deprived regions by reaching out to them and delivering them facilities so that they could identify and work on their capabilities to generate employment and income earning opportunities. The economically deprived and vulnerable population, through it, could be secured, from falling in the trap of poor informal level activities. These low-level informal activities are not suitable for them and for their overall development in the long run. Financial inclusion thus helps them in getting out of the poverty trap and hence acts as one of the important facility or an instrument which could help in a larger achievement of the goal of the development of residents of such deprived regions. Keeping these aspects in consideration the present study aims to understand the impact of financial inclusion on two important variables i.e. income generation and enhancement of savings among the residents of Mountain regions of the state which also represents the deprived and underdeveloped regions. The study was conducted in three mountain districts of the state and the results of the study shows that financial inclusion has helped in income generation in these regions but the impact of it has been different among different caste categories. Further the study shows that financial inclusion worked to enhance the income generation with larger benefits to households having higher levels of income. The study also depicts the positive impact of financial inclusion on savings but with noticeable variations in its impact on different caste groups.

CALCULATION OF INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MINING ENTERPRISES ON THE STATE OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Olha Bohomaz ◽  
◽  
Оlena Zavialova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Enterprise ◽  
Physical Fields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining ◽  
Specific Impact

Purpose. The aim of the work is to quantify the indicators of the environmental impact of mining enterprises on the state of the natural environment during the operation of a mining enterprise and after its liquidation. Method. The paper uses a computational and analytical research method. Results. Based on the calculations performed, it was established that the specific assessment of the environmental impact on the biosphere components of the Mining Enterprise PJSC "MM "Pokrovskoe" for the entire estimated period of the mine's existence: lithosphere – 0.071; hydrosphere – 0.02; atmosphere – 0.77; biota – 0.009; physical fields – 0.13. After the liquidation of the mine, due to the termination of coal mining operations from methane-free coal seams, the absence of emergency gas emissions, as well as a decrease in noise and heat pollution, the specific impact on the atmosphere (0) and physical fields (0.0004) is significantly reduced, but at the same time, the impact on the hydrosphere (0.26) and lithosphere (0.72) significantly increases, which is associated with changes in the hydrological regime of water and the deterioration of mine discharges of water quality in the hydrographic network due to pumping mine effluents to the daytime surface, with the dry method closing the mine, and waterlogging of the territory with a wet and combined method of closing the mine. The indicator of specific impact on the biota (0.009) does not change. Scientific novelty. A methodology for calculating indicators of the environmental impact of mining enterprises on the state of the natural environment is proposed. Practical significance. The obtained indicators of environmental impact on the components of the biosphere can serve as a basis for developing measures to reduce the negative manifestations of mining enterprises on the state of the natural environment. Key words environmental risk, mining enterprise, biosphere components, environmental impact.

scholarly journals History of Agriculture of Galicia from the Second Half of 19th to First Third of 20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-61
Author(s):  
Ihor Makaruk ◽  
Natаlia Tokar ◽  
Larysa Filoretova ◽  
Volodymyr Klapchuk
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

From the second half of the 19th century until the beginning of the World War I, there was significant economic advancement in all sectors of farm management in the territory of Galicia (Halychyna), which was under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during that period of history. This paper focuses on the impact of popular scientific extension, one of the key criteria for communicating the latest economic management techniques at that time. This allowed the region, which was significantly behind the other regions within the Austro-Hungarian Empire during that period, to progress economically. There was a breakthrough in methods and approaches to farm management during the studied period. The processes of mechanization, novel tillage techniques and land reclamation were introduced. Agricultural processing industry started to develop intensively. A serious consideration has been given to selective breeding of animals, which had a positive impact on the livestock rearing development. All these aspects have led to a significant improvement in the industry’s performance.

scholarly journals Legal support for the restoration of lands disturbed by mining operations: Experience in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
IGNAT’EVA Margarita Nikolaevna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Development Goals

The effectiveness of the restoration of lands disturbed by mining operations largely depends on the perfection of the legislation regulating this process. The purpose of the study is to identify evolutionary changes in the legal framework for reclamation and bottlenecks that require the improvement of legal acts. Research methods – scientific generalization, comparisons, analogy method, comparative and evolutionary analysis. Результаты. The relevance of reclamation in modern conditions has been substantiated, which is confirmed by the basic requirements of sustainable subsoil use and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The information concerning the legal support of reclamation is generalized and analyzed, the stages of this process are determined; setting back by a decade in the formation of legal support for reclamation in Russia of the Soviet period from foreign countries is identified. In Russia, the initial stage is attributed to the period of the 1950s– 1970s, when legislative documents were sporadic and did not practised on such a systematic basis. The period of the 1970s–1980s was defined as the main one, during which there was the approval of the “Basic provisions on the reclamation of lands disturbed during the development of mineral deposits and peat, conducting geological exploration, construction and other works” (1977), which have been successfully used for almost 20 years. At the same time, GOSTs and standards regulating reclamation began to operate. The following were subject to regulation: financing, accounting for the costs of reclamation work, compensation for any damage caused by the recipient, transfer of reclamation lands to land users, etc. Since the 1990s, there has been a certain decline in research focused on reclamation, although this period is characterized by the approval of quite important legislative acts, including the “Basic Provisions on Land Reclamation, removal, conservation and rational use of the fertile soil layer” (1995). Reclamation provisions are reflected in a number of federal laws and strategic documents. The highly anticipated government act defining the procedure for land reclamation and conservation was adopted in 2018. Deficiencies in the existing legislation regulating reclamation were identified, requiring amendments and additions to the latter. First of all, this concerns the Federal Law called “On Subsoil”, as well as the regulation of the financing of reclamation. Conclusion. Improving the legal framework for reclamation work will undoubtedly help to increase the efficiency of this process.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF PLACE MARKETING FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Jurijs Grizāns ◽  
Jānis Vanags
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Place Marketing ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
The Impact

Cities are an important resource for the socio-economic and regional development of the state. Urban development depends on resources, capital, labour force, which mobility from the impact of scientific and technological progress increases all the time. Resources don't belong largely to the concrete place anymore as it was before. That is why cities could think about the possibilities of increase of their attraction and competitiveness at the context of sustainable development. It means that one of the most important goals of the urban development and management is to create such kind of the urban environment which will be in line with the needs and requirements of the city inhabitants, which will be attractive for the foreign investors and tourists, which could compete with other cities. But the most important is that urban environment could give us all an opportunity to be active, participate and enjoy. The world practice shows that the use of the principles and instruments of the marketing for provision of sustainable urban development has positive impact on the socioeconomic and regional development of the state – it improves the investment environment, increases the rate of the economic investments, promotes business and tourism, improves the quality of education, increases welfare and mental development. The necessity of more detailed analysis of the importance of place marketing for sustainable urban development determines actuality of this research.

CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS OF THE STATE POLICY OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN THREATS AND DIGITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Olga GARAFONOVA ◽  
◽  
Liydmyla POLISHCHUK ◽  
Liudmyla DYKHNYCH ◽  
Inna YASHCHENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the relevance of identification and typology of modern risks and threats to the economic security of Ukraine. According to the nature of modern risks and threats, they are classified as hybrid. The hybrid nature of modern threats to Ukraine’s economic security necessitates the application of new approaches to the formation and implementation of state policy to ensure the economic security of Ukraine’s national economy. It is shown that the economic security of the state is a complex dynamic system that requires constant monitoring and management of resilience to internal and external threats in order to ensure a positive impact on socio-economic development, improve macroeconomic development, ensure quality and necessary structural changes and institutional reforms. formation of the system of competitiveness of the national economy. Under such conditions, the general goal of state policy should be to improve Ukraine’s economic security system, ensure a higher level of its resistance to the impact of hybrid risks and threats, factors and conditions of globalization and the world order. The elements of the state policy of economic security of Ukraine are determined, namely – the initial conditions, the purpose of state policy, goals and principles of policy, directions of formation of the system of counteraction to security threats, financial-resource and organizational-managerial support. The practical significance of the research results is that the immaturity of the integral system of economic security of the state is identified, which is due to the imperfection of the institutional environment, the imbalance of its structure, the predominance of the role of informal institutions over formal ones. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the conceptual provisions of state policy to ensure the economic security of the state in the face of non-standard hybrid risks and threats.

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