SPATIAL PLANNING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL URBAN TOWNS – VISIONS OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Małgorzata STRZYŻ ◽  
Maria ŚMIGIELSKA
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Sustainable Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Today, spatial planning is playing a more and more significant role in forming spatial development at the local level (municipality, town/city). It is closely connected with numerous documents underlying the implementation of the sustainable policy in the sphere of local development. The article presents an analysis of relevant planning documents at the national level, especially, at the level of the Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Opolskie Voivodeships (provinces). Based on the analysis of spatial functioning in the range of small cities (towns) located in two provinces in the so-called Poland B (Eastern Poland) and one province in the so-called Poland A, the initial recognition of the impact of small urban centres on theregional development was made at different levels. The current economic system rooted in the premises of the innovative development of regions requires conducting detailed studies in the field of investigating its internal structure and external dependencies. As a complex, dynamic mechanism, generating an increase in the quality of life corresponding to the human resources, it also requires an appropriate management remaining in harmony with modern, strategic and spatial economy. The article selectively determines the problems appearing in the economic system of a region and indicates the need to solve the most essential development problems, e.g. those arising due to the obligatory introduction of social and economic scientific descriptions as the fundamental documents for the needs of creating sustainable development of the small-town landscape.  

scholarly journals The Impact of Simultaneous Local Elections (Pilkada) for the Achievement of Democratic Consolidation in the Election of Governors and Deputy Governors of Central Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Asrifai Asrifai
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
The Right ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Researchers' interest in studying the quality of democracy in Indonesia has been developed since the reform era. Although there was a pessimistic view on Indonesian democracy's achievement, the quality of Indonesian democracy has experienced significant development in a proper political perspective. The dynamics of the first wave of regional head elections in 2015 feature the face of Indonesian democracy nationally. Democratization at the national level is awakened by strengthening democracy at the local level. This paper aims to determine the impact of the Direct Regional Head Election (Pemilihan Langung Kepala Daerah - Pilkada) concurrent in Central Sulawesi to achieve Indonesia's democratic consolidation. This research was conducted by a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach that explained, described, and analyzed the implementation of the election of Governors and Deputy Governors of Central Sulawesi in 2015 to achieve democratic consolidation. The results showed that simultaneous elections have achieved strengthening democratic consolidation. This condition is seen in several aspects. Namely the development of a free civil society, the development of an open political society; the right rule of law; government effectiveness; and democratic culture development.

Determinants of regional and local development – their impact on socio-economic space

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rejman ◽  
Roman Fedan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Local Resource Management

Processes of the expected spatial socio-economic changes arise as a result of rational planning and continuation of development at regional and local level. A three-tier division ofthe local self-government creates opportunities for engagement of community in the rational planning model and local resource management, as well as usage of production factors; for socio-economic growth and improvement in the quality of life of the residents. The aim of the article is to show the functional structure and role of local government units in formation of regional and local policy toincrease economic growth, while maintaining the environmental protection requirements.

Reducing the Impact of Unemployment through Work-Sharing: Some Industrial Relations Considerations

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah M. Meltz ◽  
Frank Reid
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Work Sharing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The Canadian Government has introduced a work-sharing program in which lay offs are avoided by reducing the work week and using unemployment insurance funds to pay workers short-time compensation. Compared to the lay-off alternative, there appear to be economic benefits to work-sharing for both management and employees. Reaction to the scheme has been generally positive at the union local level and the firm level, but it has been negative at the national level of both labour and management. These divergent views can be explained mainly as a result of short-run versus long-run perspectives. Managers at the firm level see the immediate benefit of improved labour relations and the avoidance of the costs of hiring and training replacements for laid-off workers who do not respond when recalled. The national business leaders are more concerned with work incentive and efficiency aspects of work-sharing.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Zuzana Stofkova ◽  
Peter Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The paper deals with the quality of life and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on people’s lives in Slovakia and in selected region. The concept of quality of life and dimensions of quality of life, which are necessary for its evaluation are mentioned, too. It also describes the current state of the issue in Slovakia and abroad on the basis of the selected indicators, where individual countries of the world are compared. Purpose of the article: There are mentioned approaches to quality of life assessment and to conduct a survey of quality of life in a selected region which deals with the development of the quality of life. The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in Slovakia and abroad. Various definitions of the term quality of life through several authors and views. Methods: Indices in a global and national level for assessment of selected aspects of objective and subjective quality of life in terms of pandemics COVID-19 are mentioned. In order to assess the impact of a pandemic related to COVID-19 on satisfaction of citizens with several aspects of their lives in selected region is analyzed on the basis of an e-survey. Findings & Value added: The result of the article is a comparison of individual indicators of the subjective quality of life in selected EU member states and the Slovak Republic. A survey of the satisfaction of the inhabitants of selected region with selected areas of quality of their lives connected with the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out in order to monitor and evaluate the quality of life at the level of local governments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel approach to community health care delivery in Ifanadiana District, Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Razafinjato ◽  
Luc Rakotonirina ◽  
Jafeta Benony Andriantahina ◽  
Laura F. Cordier ◽  
Randrianambinina Andriamihaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite the widespread global adoption of community health (CH) systems, there are evidence gaps in how to best deliver community-based care aligned with global best practice in remote settings where access to health care is limited and community health workers (CHWs) may be the only available providers. PIVOT partnered with the Ministry of Public Health to pilot a new two-pronged approach for care delivery in rural Madagascar: one CHW provided care at a stationary CH site while 2-5 additional CHWs provided care via proactive household visits. The pilot included professionalization of the CHW workforce (i.e. recruitment, training, financial incentive) and twice monthly supervision of CHWs. We evaluated the impact of the CH pilot on utilization and quality of integrated community case management (iCCM) in the first six months of implementation (October 2019-March 2020).We compared utilization and proxy measures of quality of care (defined as adherence to the iCCM protocol for diagnosis, classification of disease severity, treatment) in the intervention commune and five comparison communes, using a quasi-experimental study design and relying on routinely collected programmatic data. Average per capita monthly under-five visits were 0.28 in the intervention commune and 0.22 in the comparison communes. In the intervention commune, 40.0% of visits were completed at the household via proactive care. CHWs completed all steps of the iCCM protocol in 77.8% of observed visits in the intervention commune (vs 49.5% in the comparison communes, p-value=<0.001). A two-pronged approach to CH delivery and professionalization of the CHW workforce increased utilization and demonstrated satisfactory quality of care. National stakeholders and program managers should evaluate program re-design at a local level prior to national or district-wide scale-up.

scholarly journals Impact of Socioeconomic Differences on Distributional Cost-effectiveness Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-618
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Colin Angus ◽  
Ana Duarte ◽  
Duncan Gillespie ◽  
Simon Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Screening And Brief Intervention ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Public health decision makers value interventions for their effects on overall health and health inequality. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) incorporates health inequality concerns into economic evaluation by accounting for how parameters, such as effectiveness, differ across population groups. A good understanding of how and when accounting for socioeconomic differences between groups affects the assessment of intervention impacts on overall health and health inequality could inform decision makers where DCEA would add most value. We interrogated 2 DCEA models of smoking and alcohol policies using first national level and then local authority level information on various socioeconomic differences in health and intervention use. Through a series of scenario analyses, we explored the impact of altering these differences on the DCEA results. When all available evidence on socioeconomic differences was incorporated, provision of a smoking cessation service was estimated to increase overall health and increase health inequality, while the screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse was estimated to increase overall health and reduce inequality. Ignoring all or some socioeconomic differences resulted in minimal change to the estimated impact on overall health in both models; however, there were larger effects on the estimated impact on health inequality. Across the models, there were no clear patterns in how the extent and direction of socioeconomic differences in the inputs translated into the estimated impact on health inequality. Modifying use or coverage of either intervention so that each population group matched the highest level improved the impacts to a greater degree than modifying intervention effectiveness. When local level socioeconomic differences were considered, the magnitude of the impacts was altered; in some cases, the direction of impact on inequality was also altered.

The Impact of the Slow City Movement on Place Authenticity, Entrepreneurial Opportunity, and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Çiçek ◽  
Sevincgul Ulu ◽  
Can Uslay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Place Marketing ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Impact

The Slow City (Cittaslow) concept represents an emerging global trend where participant small cities commit to growing sustainably by preserving their authenticity while celebrating their local culture and diversity. Meanwhile, marketers increasingly find authenticity to be critical for campaigns with efficacy. Using a sample of 762 residents from slow cities, neighboring cities, and other Turkish cities, the authors empirically examine the Slow City movement and demonstrate its positive impact on place authenticity. Slow City membership also positively moderates the effect of perceived authenticity on both perceived entrepreneurial opportunities and economic development, which positively impact quality of life and intention to stay respectively. The results also indicate that the benefits of the Slow City movement spill over to neighboring cities. The Slow City movement offers much promise for place marketing and has potential to slow down the heavy migration from rural to urban areas in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Agglomeration Economies in Small Cities and Business: The Impact of the Great Recession in Aragón (Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael González-Val ◽  
Miriam Marcén
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Employment

In this paper, we analyze the effects of productive specialization and productive diversity on employment growth at the local level during the Great Recession in Aragon, a NUTS II region in Spain. This region is characterized by (i) a high population density in the capital city (around half of the total population), giving rise to a very uneven population distribution and therefore a lot of small cities and municipalities, and (ii) a large proportion of small businesses (95% of the firms in this region have fewer than ten employees). We use annual data from 2000 to 2015 and panel data models, and grouped local business activities into three main categories: industry, construction and services. Our results show that, during this period, local specialization in any of these activities hurt local employment growth, whereas diversity had a non-significant effect on employment growth. Only in the case of services did we obtain a positive effect of diversity on local employment growth, which was restricted to the most populated cities (i.e., cities with more than 3000 inhabitants). Therefore, only diversity in services activities located in large cities contributed to employment growth during the Great Recession.

scholarly journals Seducing for Truth and Justice: Civil Society Initiatives for the 1965 Mass Violence in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The World

The article examines both civil society initiatives that seek to address the mass violence of 1965 and 1966 and the state's responses to them. Unlike other political-transition contexts in the world, a transitional justice approach is apparently a formula that state authorities have found difficult to implement nationally for this particular case. The central government has, through its institutions, sporadically responded to some of the calls from civil society groups and has even initiated policy reforms to support such initiatives. Nevertheless, these responses were not sustained and any suggested programmes have always failed to be completed or implemented. Simultaneously, however, NGOs and victims are also voicing their demands at the local level. Many of their initiatives involve not only communities but also local authorities, including in some cases the local governments. In some aspects, these “bottom-up” approaches are more successful than attempts to create change at the national level. Such approaches challenge what Kieran McEvoy refers to as an innate “seductive” quality of transitional justice, but at the same time these approaches do, in fact, aim to “seduce” the state to adopt measures for truth and justice.

scholarly journals Assessing women's satisfaction with family planning services in Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Chavane ◽  
Martinho Dgedge ◽  
Patricia Bailey ◽  
Osvaldo Loquiha ◽  
Marc Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
National Level ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe contraceptive prevalence rate in Mozambique was estimated as 11.3% in the last Demographic and Health Survey. The impact of family planning (FP) on women's health and on the reduction of maternal mortality is well known.MethodsAcknowledging the importance of user satisfaction in the utilisation of health services, exit interviews were used to assess women's satisfaction with FP services in Mozambique. The survey, conducted in 174 health facilities, was representative at the national level, covered all provinces, and both urban and rural areas.ResultsOverall, 86% of respondents were satisfied with FP services, but issues such as insufficient supplies of oral contraceptives and the low quality of healthcare provider/client interactions were given as reasons for women's dissatisfaction.ConclusionDefined actions at the level of health service provision are needed to tackle the identified issues and ensure improved satisfaction with, and better utilisation of, FP services in Mozambique.

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