scholarly journals War – Just or Justifiable? A Christian Orthodox Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Sławomir Nowosad
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Just War Doctrine ◽  
Moral Assessment ◽  
World Christianity

Being sent to the world Christianity had to determine its moral assessment of different worldly realities, war and peace among them. While the Western tradition rather early developed a just war doctrine, the East took a different path. War has constantly been perceived as evil though in some circumstances necessary and hence justifiable (but strictly speaking neither “just” nor “good”). Both the Greek Fathers and later Eastern authors and Church figures, like Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, would develop their understanding of warfare as “irrational” and an obstacle on every Christian’s path to theosis. The Russian Orthodox Bishops’ The Basis of the Social Concept is a rare example of a more elaborated theory of the justification of warfare.

7. St Augustine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bethke Elshtain
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Just War ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Orientations ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines Augustine of Hippo's political thought. After providing a brief biography of St Augustine, it considers the fate of his texts within the world of academic political theory and the general suspicion of ‘religious’ thinkers within that world. It then analyses Augustine's understanding of the human person as a bundle of complex desires and emotions as well as the implications of his claim that human sociality is a given and goes all the way down. It also explores Augustine's arguments regarding the interplay of caritas and cupiditas in the moral orientations of persons and of cultures. Finally, it describes Augustine's reflections on the themes of war and peace, locating him as the father of the tradition of ‘just war’ theory.

scholarly journals Social development in the philosophy of global constitutionalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 402-410
Author(s):  
Vitaly Viktorovich Goncharov ◽  
Sergey A. Balashenko ◽  
Artem A. Pukhov ◽  
Tatiana N. Mikhaleva ◽  
Grigory A. Vasilevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Constitutionalism

The fundamental laws of social development are investigated in the interpretation of the concept of global constitutionalism.  The author concludes that social development within the framework of the philosophy of global constitutionalism is entirely subordinate to the logic of the preservation and development of the world capitalist system, which allows to preserve power and property in the hands of global governing elites in the person of the global governing class. Research objective: to analyze social development in the interpretation of the socio-philosophical concept of global constitutionalism, to constitute its fundamental laws.  Object of research: the phenomenon of globalization of socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic development of national societies and states as a phenomenon of social reality, highlighted in the social concept of global constitutionalism.  Subject of research: theoretical content of social development in the interpretation of the philosophy of global constitutionalism in relation to its social essence.

scholarly journals Podstawy społecznej koncepcji Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego: problemy bioetyki i ekologii

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Artur Aleksiejuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The foundations of the social concept are one of the most important normative acts issued by the Russian Orthodox Church. The unanimous adoption of this document by the Holy Council of Bishops of the Russian Church, which took place on August 13-16, 2000 in Moscow, was not only a local event, but a significant fact on the scale of the entire Orthodox Church worldwide. For the first time in history, one of the autocephalous Orthodox Churches decided to formulate an official position on current social, economic, economic and cultural issues, as well as define the Church-state relationship in the conditions of historical reality in which it found itself at the threshold of the third millennium. The promulgation of the Foundations of the Social Concept has become a powerful impulse for the renewal of spiritual life, greater involvement of the Orthodox clergy in social life, the development of institutional and non-institutional forms of mission and evangelization, and the multidimensional dialogue of Orthodoxy with the world of science, politics and economy. The aim of this publication is to familiarize the Polish reader with the content of chapters twelve and thirteen of the document, which relate to bioethical and ecological issues. It is worth noting that this is their first translation into Polish. The translator hopes that they will contribute to a better understanding of the Orthodox Church’s position on issues that are currently among the most discussed social topics.

scholarly journals Grotius on Reprisal

Grotiana ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-348
Author(s):  
Randall Lesaffer
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Just War Doctrine ◽  
Novel Reading

Abstract In neither of his two major forays into the laws of war and peace – De iure praedae or De iure belli ac pacis – did Hugo Grotius discuss the legal institutions of reprisal – whether special or general – or privateering in their own right. His profoundly novel reading of the just war doctrine in the context of his theory of natural rights, however, gave powerful legitimisation to the practices of special reprisals, as well as of privateering in times of war and of peace.

scholarly journals The Genesis of Socio-Philosophical Understanding of the Peace and War Relationship in the Social World Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Iva Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Social World ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Dynamic Uncertainty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to research the genesis of the relationship between peace and war in the development of the social world was determined. It was found that the social world in concrete historical manifestations was considered by philosophers through the functioning of state-building processes of government and self-organization, and the absolutization of one of them led to war, and harmonization – to peace. The stages of formation of the problem were traced and the traditions of understanding the social world were determined. The first stage was characterized by the study of the world as a cosmic phenomenon – in the natural philosophical, mythological and cosmogonic traditions – and social – in the socio-organic, polis, paternalistic-subject traditions. The second stage – the dominance of the theocentric position – was characterized by the distinction between Heaven and Earth. The third stage – modernism – was marked by the dominance of the objectified world in connection with the invention of printing, the development of the institute of education, institutionalization of science. The fourth – stage of industrial institutionalization and world institutions, which was characterized by the consideration of peace and war as a world phenomenon, marked by ideological, idealistic, materialistic, managerial, psychological and peacekeeping traditions. In the fifth – the stage of information and virtual worlds formation, which took place in the integrity of the relationship “society – technology”, it was highlighted the system-holistic tradition. The sixth is the modern stage of the synergetic world, defined by the phenomena of hybrid and network war and peace and connected with the hybrid, network and synergetic traditions. Here the problem of the world as a whole in the dynamic uncertainty and technological aspect of the subjects’ activity is actualized.

scholarly journals Ethics, Interpretive Social Science and War

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 252-270
Author(s):  
Mervyn Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This chapter explores radical interpretivism as an approach to understanding contemporary war and the implications that flow from its application to questions about what ought to be done in contemporary asymmetrical wars. It argues that the currently dominant version of the relationship between just war theory and the world to which it is to be applied is misguided. It is widely held that policymakers facing ethical decisions about war and peace, have first to ascertain the empirical state of affairs in which they find themselves, and then, in a second step, consider what it would be ethical to do, given the circumstances. On this view, questions about the justice of going to war arise only after the completion of an empirical analysis about how things stand in the world. Radical interpretivism denies the possibility of determining a given “state of affairs” in social relations in purely empirical terms that do not involve engaging with ethical considerations from the outset. A central strand of the argument is that in the analyses of the circumstances that precede wars, what must be understood are the histories of actions and reactions of the parties involved. These, as is the case with all actions, can only be understood within the social practices in which the actors are participating. Such understandings involve an ethical engagement at every point. This interpretive approach is particularly important for a proper understanding of asymmetrical wars.

For the Life of the World and Orthodox Political Theology

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
Cyril Hovorun
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

The article explores the document For the Life of the World: Toward a Social Ethos of the Orthodox Church ( FLW) in the contexts that had instigated its promulgation. It maps this document in the coordinates of the Orthodox political theology during the long twentieth century. FLW corresponds to a line in “the theology of the 1960s,” which advocated for liberal democracy and against anti-Westernism. The article argues that FLW fulfills the unaccomplished mission of the Panorthodox council in producing a comprehensive Orthodox social doctrine. It compares FLW with the social corpus adopted by the Russian Orthodox Church during the 2000s.

scholarly journals Jumping Ship

Philosophy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-359
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Just War ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
Just War Doctrine ◽  
Rule Out

Following the revelations about what had been going on in Iraqi prisons, run by American and British troops, there has been universal and justified condemnation. Moral philosophers will hardly need in the future to invent arguments against the utilitarian justification of torture or to look for examples of inuria in bello.Amid all the furore, one small but possibly significant phenomenon has been a steady procession of erstwhile supporters of the war, now seeking to distance themselves from the whole operation. Some are now saying that they had been wrong to support it in the first place.This may indeed be the case. They might indeed have been wrong all along, for a whole variety of reasons, moral and practical. What, though, would be unfortunate would be if the misconduct of one operation meant that the whole question of wars of humanitarian intervention were to disappear from the philosophical and political agenda. Apart from anything else it would seem to blur any distinction between ius ad bellum and ius in bello.But more important, we still have to consider whether it might ever be morally imperative to invade another country to protect its people, and if so when. Such a consideration may never have been part of the traditional just war doctrine. But that doctrine was formulated in times very different from our own, times when neither communications nor state nor military power were anything like they are to-day.To put the matter bluntly: should we in the West be ashamed that we did little or nothing in Rwanda in the 1990s, say, even though Western interests were hardly affected by what was going on? We knew well what was going on, and we did nothing as hundreds of thousands were butchered. Would it be right or wrong for a coalition of states (any coalition) to intervene were such a situation to happen again? Or would the high probability that at least some of those the invaders thought they were liberating would come quickly to resent their ‘liberation’ be sufficient to rule out action of the part of those not directly affected?The sad truth is that we cannot rule out a situation like Rwanda arising again in various parts of the world. Sudan may be on the verge of such a catastrophe even at the time of writing. We need to be prepared philosophically as well as practically.

scholarly journals On the Importance of Philosophical Principles to the Social Concept of Global Constitutionalism

wisdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Vitaliy GONCHAROV ◽  
Jacek ZALESNY ◽  
Sergey BALASHENKO ◽  
Grigory VASILEVICH ◽  
Artem PUKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Constitutionalism

This article is devoted to the study of the role and place that philosophical principles play in the formation and development of the social concept of global constitutionalism. The objective defined is to analyze the significance of philosophical principles in global constitutionalism as a social concept. In the research, the author concretized and substantiated the concepts (1) of philosophical principles in social concept, (2) basic philosophical principles of the social concept of global constitutionalism (of development; of cognizability of the world; of the material unity of the world; of the unity of the historical and logical; of ascent from the abstract to the concrete), (3) global constitutionalism as the dominant interpretation of social reality.

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