scholarly journals Correlation between mortality due to COVID-19, wealth index, human development and population density in districts of Metropolitan Lima during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-767
Author(s):  
Zalia E. Dorregaray Farge ◽  
Alonso Soto Tarazona ◽  
Jhonny De La Cruz Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Masculine Gender

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between mortality due to COVID-19 and incidence of poverty and district human development index (HDI) in the department of Lima. METHODOLOGY: An observational, ecological, correlational study. The population were patients who died from COVID-19 in Lima Metropolitana. We included all patients reported dead in the open data base of the Ministerio de Salud. The dependent variable was mortality due to COVID-19, calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total district population, and the independent variables were the incidence of poverty and HDI. We carried out a secondary analysis evaluating the fatality by COVID-19. The correlation was calculated through Spearman’s non-parametric method. RESULTS: 13 154 people died of COVID-19 during the period between March and September, the majority was of masculine gender with an average age of 66 years. We did not find a significant correlation between mortality and incidence of poverty (rho=-0,2230; p=0,15). We found a significant correlation between mortality due to COVID-19 and HDI (rho= 0,4466; p=0,002). Mortality was correlated with population density (rho=0,7616; p=<0,001). We found a positive (rho=0,32) and significant (p=0,037) correlation between fatality and incidence of poverty. We found a significant correlation between fatality due to COVID-19 and population density (rho=0,7616; p=<0,001). We did not find a significant correlation between fatality and HDI. CONCLUSIONS: Population density was a factor associated in the most consistent manner with mortality and fatality due to COVID. Poverty was associated to greater fatality, but not to greater mortality.

scholarly journals HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY IN PAPUA PROVINCE, 2010-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nurisqi Amalia ◽  
Anisa Nurpita ◽  
Rina Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Independent Variables

Papua Province is one of the poorest provinces in Indonesia. Some of the variables that affect health levels including Human Development Index (HDI) and unemployment rate. This research analyzes Human Development Index and unemployment rate to poverty level in districts/cities in Papua Province during 2010-2015. Research data used in this research is secondary data from Central Bureau of Statistics of district/city in Papua Province. The independent variables used are open unemployment rate and Development Index. While the dependent variable used is poverty level in districts/citis in Papua Province year 2010-2015. The analysis tool used is regression with panel data. The result of this research shows that the average of district/city’s poverty rate in Papua 2010-2015 is 32,34 percent. The highest level is in District Deiyai and the lowest is in District Merauke. The Human Development Index has decreased significantly to the poverty rate of district/city in Papua Province, while the open unemployment rate is positive to the poverty rate of district/city in Papua Province. Human Development Index and open unemployment rate as a whole and together affect poverty level in district/city in Papua Province.

scholarly journals Effect of human development index parameters on tuberculosis incidence in Turkish provinces

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsuk Taylan ◽  
Melike Demir ◽  
Sureyya Yılmaz ◽  
Halide Kaya ◽  
Hadice Selimoglu Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Human Development ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Lower Population

Introduction: A country’s development level is measured with a quantitative parameter called the human development index (HDI). The present study researched the effects of HDI parameters (such as healthcare standards, income, and education level) on the incidence of tuberculosis. Methodology: HDI data of 36 provinces of Turkey and the tuberculosis surveillance data were obtained from the Ministry of Development and the Ministry of Health, respectively. The associations between the incidence of tuberculosis and other HDI parameters were analyzed. Results: Higher population density (n/km2) (CI = 0.05 to 0.40) and higher relapse rate of tuberculosis (CI = 0.36 to 1.48) were identified to be independent predicting factors that increased the incidence of tuberculosis, whereas higher gross national product (CI = -0.06 to 0.00), the population that holds a green Medicare card (CI=-0.58 to -0.04), increased general practitioners per 100,000 people (CI=-0.66 to -0.01), female population (CI = -0.70 to -0.06), married population (CI = -1.34 to -0.03), were found to be significant negative predicting factors that were relevant to the incidence (protective against tuberculosis). Conclusions: Tuberculosis is a disease that is affected by multiple factors, including the components of HDI. Improvement of income level, facilitation of access to health services via health insurance, urbanization with lower population density strategy, and provision of enough general practitioners may be useful in reducing the incidence of TB' in provinces of developing countries such as Turkey.

scholarly journals DISPARITAS REGIONAL PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
S Syahrial ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽  
Yeti Lis Purnamadewi
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Underdeveloped Region ◽  
The Impact

Regional autonomy policy has been implemented since 2001, but in 2013 as many as 66.67 percent of districts in West Sumatra still categorized as a relatively underdeveloped region by the Ministry of Development Underdeveloped regions. This indicates the occurrence of inequality considerable development in the Province of West Sumatra. This study not only examines the degree of inequality between regions, but also analyze the impact of GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, and the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure against the inequalities based on economic position (the pattern and structure of economic growth). Analysis of the data use the Index Williamson and panel data regession from 2005 to 2012. The results showed disparity of regional development in the Provinces of West Sumatra increasing. Simultaneously and partially three independent variables (GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure) significant and positive influence as a major source of regional disparities in the Province of West Sumatra.Regional autonomy policy has been implemented since 2001, but in 2013 as many as 66.67 percent of districts in West Sumatra still categorized as a relatively underdeveloped region by the Ministry of Development Underdeveloped regions. This indicates the occurrence of inequality considerable development in the Province of West Sumatra. This study not only examines the degree of inequality between regions, but also analyze the impact of GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, and the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure against the inequalities based on economic position (the pattern and structure of economic growth). Analysis of the data use the Index Williamson and panel data regession from 2005 to 2012. The results showed disparity of regional development in the Provinces of West Sumatra increasing. Simultaneously and partially three independent variables (GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure) significant and positive influence as a major source of regional disparities in the Province of West Sumatra.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic, demographic and human developmental correlates of physical activity and sitting time among South American adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André O. Werneck ◽  
◽  
Kabir P. Sadarangani ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Se-Sergio Baldew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
South American ◽  
Development Index

Abstract Background Our aim was to investigate the association of macroeconomic, human development, and demographic factors with different domains of physical activity and sitting time among South American adults. Methods We used data from nationally representative samples in Argentina (n = 26,932), Brazil (n = 52,490), Chile (n = 3866), Colombia (n = 14,208), Ecuador (n = 19,883), Peru (n = 8820), and Uruguay (n = 2403). Our outcomes included leisure time (≥150 min/week), transport (≥10 min/week), occupational (≥10 min/week), and total (≥150 min/week) physical activity, as well as sitting time (≥4 h/day), which were collected through self-reported questionnaires. As exposures, gross domestic product, total population, population density, and human development index indicators from the most updated national census of each country were used. Age and education were used as covariates. Multilevel logistic regressions with harmonized random effect meta-analyses were conducted, comparing highest vs. lowest (reference) tertiles. Results Higher odds for transport physical activity were observed among the highest tertiles of total population (ORmen: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23–1.62), ORwomen: 1.51; 95% CI:1.32–1.73), population density (ORmen: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.18–1.57, ORwomen: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.30–1.70), and gross domestic product (ORmen: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00–1.35, ORwomen: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.20–1.61). For leisure physical activity, women living in departments with higher human development index presented 18% higher odds for being active, and for total physical activity a similar estimate in both sexes was observed among those who live in more populated areas. No consistent associations were found for occupational physical activity and sitting time. Conclusion Macroeconomic, demographic and human development indicators are associated with different domains of physical activity in the South American context, which can in turn guide policies to promote physical activity in the region.

scholarly journals DETERMINANT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-137
Author(s):  
Radite Teguh Handalani
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Independent Variables

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis indeks pembangunan manusia yang bersifat multidimensional dan kompleks,  mencakup aspek ekonomi, aspek tata kelola pemerintahan dan aspek demografi yang diwakili oleh 13 variabel independen di 10 negara di Asia Tenggara. Namun, upaya tersebut seringkali terkendala oleh ketidaklengkapan data dan keandalan data. Berbeda dengan beberapa penelitian terdahulu yang lebih memfokuskan aspek pembangunan manusia pada variabel pembentuk human development index seperti angka harapan hidup, angka melek huruf dan literasi serta angka rerata akses lamanya menempuh pendidikan atau variabel-variabel independen aspek ekonomi. Penelitian ini memasukan aspek tata kelola pemerintahan dan aspek kependudukan yang diharapkan dapat melengkapi spektrum dan kajian terhadap aspek pembangunan manusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi data panel (pooled least squares) dan serangkaian pengujian untuk menghasilkan spesifikasi model dan estimator terbaik. Dalam penelitian yang menggunakan tingkat keyakinan sebesar 95% pada p-value pada nilai α=0,05 ditemukan bahwa dari 13 variabel hanya terdapat 5 (lima) variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan indeks pembangunan manusia.   Kata kunci: Indeks pembangunan manusia, tata kelola pemerintahan, demografi   ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the human development index that is multidimensional and complex which includes economic, governance and demographic aspects represented by 13 independent variables in 10 countries of Southeast Asia. However, these efforts are often constrained by incomplete data and data reliability. Unlike some previous studies which focused more on the variables forming the human development index, such as life expectancy, literacy rates and the average number of years of education or independent variables of economic aspects. This research includes aspects of governance and population aspects that are expected to complement the spectrum and study of aspects of human development. The method used in this study uses pooled least squares. In research that uses a 95% confidence level, it was found that from 13 variables there are only five variables that significantly influence increasing human development index.   Keywords: human development index, governance, demografi  

scholarly journals Analisis Kausalitas Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Muslikhati Muslikhati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Human development is one of the indicators of the success of economic growth. The good quality of human resources goes hand in hand with economic growth, this is because resources as part of the factor of production are the most valuable assets in the economic activities of a country. This study aims to determine and analyze the causality of economic growth towards the quality of human resources. The method used in this study was using the Granger Causality method. Granger Causality Approach is used to measure the strength of the relationship between two or more variables, or it can also be used as a tool to see the direction of the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. The variable Human Development Index (HDI) as the dependent variable and per capita income variable as the independent variable. From this study it was concluded that the granger causality test on the proposed research model states that there is no causality relationship between two independent variables and the dependent variable, but significantly the Indonesian economic growth variable has a one-way relationship with the human development index (HDI).Human development is one of the indicators of the success of economic growth. The good quality of human resources goes hand in hand with economic growth, this is because resources as part of the factor of production are the most valuable assets in the economic activities of a country. This study aims to determine and analyze the causality of economic growth towards the quality of human resources. The method used in this study was using the Granger Causality method. Granger Causality Approach is used to measure the strength of the relationship between two or more variables, or it can also be used as a tool to see the direction of the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. The variable Human Development Index (HDI) as the dependent variable and per capita income variable as the independent variable. From this study it was concluded that the granger causality test on the proposed research model states that there is no causality relationship between two independent variables and the dependent variable, but significantly the Indonesian economic growth variable has a one-way relationship with the human development index (HDI).

scholarly journals Factors Influencing The First and Second Peak of COVID-19 Global Cases: A Survival Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesar Ahmed Oshan ◽  
Begum Zainab ◽  
Dipankar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Hasinur Rahaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Peak

Objectives: The number of reported cases continues to increase everyday, since the first case of COVID-19 was detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Using the global COVID-19 data of 188 countries extracted from the Our World in Data between January 22, 2020--January 18, 2021, this study attempts to explore the potential determinants of the number of days to reach the first and second peak of COVID-19 cases for all 188 countries. Methods: A semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard (PH) model has been used to explore the covariates that are associated with the number of days to reach the first and second peak of global COVID-19 cases. Results: As of January 18, 2021, the first and second peak were found in 175 and 59 countries, out of 188 countries, respectively. The median number of days to hit the first peak was 60 days for countries which have median age above 40 while the median number of days to hit the second peak was 267 days for countries which have population density above 500 per square kilometer. Countries having population density between 250 and 500 were 2.25 times more likely to experience the first peak of COVID-19 cases (95% CI: 1.15-4.45, P<0.05) than countries which have population density below 25. Countries having population density between 100 and 250 were 67% less likely to get the second peak (95% CI: 0.119-0.908, P<0.05) compared to countries which have population density below 25. Countries having cardiovascular death rates above 350 were 2.94 times more likely to get the first peak (95% CI: 1.59-5.43, P<0.001). In contrast, countries having diabetes prevalence rate 3 to 12 were 85% less likely to experience the second peak of COVID-19 cases (95% CI: 0.036-0.680, P<0.05) than countries which have diabetes prevalence rate below 3. Besides, highly significant difference is found in the Kaplan-Meier plots of the number of days to reach both peaks across different categories of the country's Human Development Index. Conclusions: The number of days to the first peak was considerably small in Asian & European countries but that to the second peak in the countries where diabetes prevalence was very higher. Country's life expectancy had a significant effect on determining the first peak and so was the case for two other variables--the cardiovascular death rate and hospital beds per thousand. A contrast result was found for Human Development Index factor under the second peak. Additionally, it was found that the second peak was more likely to occur in more densely populated countries.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN REGRESI KOMPONEN UTAMA DENGAN REGRESI KUADRAT TERKECIL PARSIAL PADA INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-505
Author(s):  
Vetranella .T.R.A. Sinaga ◽  
Diah Safitri ◽  
Rita Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Independent Variables

The multiple regression classic assumptions are used to give linear unbiased and minimum variance estimator. In Human Development Index (HDI) and influencing factors in East Java, there are two variables with VIF more than 10 so the assumption of non-multicollinearity is not fulfilled. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLS-R) can solve this problem. By doing principal component analysis, there are two linear combinations to take as the new   independent variables which are free from collinearity. In the PLS-R, NIPALS algorithm is used to calculate the components and other structures and to estimate the parameter. While in PCR all independent variables are significant, the percentage of households with drinking water is feasibles is not significant in the model. PLS-R’s  is 95,85% is greater than PCR’s  = 93,42%. PCR’s PRESS = 81,78 is greater than PLS-R’s PRESS = 61,0595.Keywords: Human Development Index (HDI), Multicollinearity, Principal Component Regression, Partial Least Squares Regression, , PRESS

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL, DAN KETERBUKAAN EKONOMI TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI NEGARA- NEGARA ASEAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adnan Azzaki
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Effect Model

ABSTRACTEconomic openness through International Trade has a complex relationship with human development. Mainstream economies generally assume that human development automatically follows on from economic growth. This study uses human development index (HDI) as one of the indicators of development progress in aspects of human quality in the State. There are several reasons the human development index is used as an indicator of a country's development among the fundamental components of longevity, health, knowledge, and living standards. This research uses human development index (HDI) variables as dependent variables while International trade is proxies with Export, Import and economic openness values as independent variables. These variables are data located in ASEAN countries during 2013-2019. This research aims to provide information on the influence of international trade and economic openness to the Human Development Index (HDI) in ASEAN. The analysis technique used is the regression of panel data with fixed effect model. The results showed that simultaneously the Variables of Export, Import, and Economic Openness affect the human development index in ASEAN, and partially the independent variables of Export, Import, and Economic Openness have a significant effect on the Human Development Index. ABSTRAKKeterbukaan ekonomi melalui Perdagangan Internasional memiliki hubungan yang kompleks dengan pembangunan manusia. Ekonomi mainstream umumnya berasumsi bahwa pembangunan manusia secara otomatis mengikuti dari pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Indeks pembangunan manusia sebagai indikator pembangunan pada aspek kualitas manusia dalam negara. Ada beberapa alasan indeks pembangunan manusia dijadikan sebagai Indikator dari pembangunan suatu negara diantara komponen mendasar yaitu umur panjang, kesehatan, pengetahuan, dan standar hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) sebagai variabel dependen sedangkan perdagangan Internasional yang di proksikan dengan nilai Ekspor, Impor dan keterbukaan ekonomi sebagai variabel independen. Variabel tersebut merupakan data yang berada di negara-negara ASEAN selama tahun 2013-2019. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai pengaruh perdagangan internasional dan keterbukaan ekonomi terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di ASEAN. Teknik analisis menggunakan regresi data panel model efek tetap (Fixed Effect Model). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara bersamaan (Simultan) variabel Ekspor, Impor, dan Keterbukaan Ekonomi mempengaruhi indeks pembangunan manusia di ASEAN, dan secara satuan (Parsial) variabel Independen Ekspor, Impor, dan Keterbukaan Ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia.JEL : F13, F10, F41

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