scholarly journals METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND SENSORIAL QUALITY OF COFFEE IN THE MANTIQUEIRA REGION OF MINAS GERAIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Meira Borém ◽  
Marcos Paulo Santos Luz ◽  
Thelma Sáfadi ◽  
Margarete Marin Lordelo Volpato ◽  
Helena Maria Ramos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Meteorological Variable ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Thermal Amplitude ◽  
Sensorial Quality ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

<p>The objective of this study was to identify meteorological variables related to the sensorial quality of the coffees from Mantiqueira region in Minas Gerais.  Meteorological conditions are strongly related to the coffee’s sensorial characteristics, however, there aren’t many studies quantifying this relation. Air temperature and rainfall data were collected and spatialized for regional analysis. These were associated to the 2007 through 2011 coffees’ beverage scores. The region is stratified according to relief characteristics. The bigger frequency of high scores occurred on the region’s central-south, where coffee cultivation is performed above 900 m altitude. For the <em>in loco </em>study, meteorological data and coffee samples were collected in selected pilot areas. Coffee crops were selected in three altitude ranges: below 1000 m, between 1000 and 1200 m, and over 1200 m. Above 1000 m the meteorological variable that presented the biggest variation was the air temperature. Above 1000 m  the smallest thermal amplitude occurred, which provided superior quality coffees. The study demonstrates the importance of the meteorological variable characterization aiming to identify locations with greater vocation to the specialty coffees production.</p>

scholarly journals Ground Clutter Mitigation for Weather Radars Using the Autocorrelation Spectral Density

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2049-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián M. Torres ◽  
David A. Warde
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Meteorological Variable ◽  
Clutter Suppression ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
Ground Clutter ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates

Abstract Radar returns from the ground, known as ground clutter, can contaminate weather signals, often resulting in severely biased meteorological estimates. If not removed, these contaminants may artificially inflate quantitative precipitation estimates and obscure polarimetric and Doppler signatures of weather. A ground-clutter filter is typically employed to mitigate this contamination and provide less biased meteorological-variable estimates. This paper introduces a novel adaptive filter based on the autocorrelation spectral density, which is capable of mitigating the adverse effects of ground clutter without unnecessarily degrading the quality of the meteorological data. The so-called Clutter Environment Analysis using Adaptive Processing (CLEAN-AP) filter adjusts its suppression characteristics in real time to match dynamic atmospheric environments and meets Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) clutter-suppression requirements.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Precipitation Phase over the Swiss Alps to Different Meteorological Variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Froidurot ◽  
I. Zin ◽  
B. Hingray ◽  
A. Gautheron
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Precipitation Phase

Abstract In most meteorological or hydrological models, the distinction between snow and rain is based only on a given air temperature. However, other factors such as air moisture can be used to better distinguish between the two phases. In this study, a number of models using different combinations of meteorological variables are tested to determine their pertinence for the discrimination of precipitation phases. Spatial robustness is also evaluated. Thirty years (1981–2010) of Swiss meteorological data are used, consisting of radio soundings from Payerne as well as present weather observations and surface measurements (mean hourly surface air temperature, mean hourly relative humidity, and hourly precipitation) from 14 stations, including Payerne. It appeared that, unlike surface variables, variables derived from the atmospheric profiles (e.g., the vertical temperature gradient) hardly improve the discrimination of precipitation phase at ground level. Among all tested variables, surface air temperature and relative humidity show the greatest explanatory power. The statistical model using these two variables and calibrated for the case study region provides good spatial robustness over the region. Its parameters appear to confirm those defined in the model presented by Koistinen and Saltikoff.

scholarly journals Análise comparativa da velocidade do vento e da temperatura do ar, entre dados gerados por reanálises meteorológicas e dados observacionais na região de Minas Gerais

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mauren Lucila Marques de Morais Micalichen ◽  
Nelson Luís da Costa Dias
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Wind Speed Data

The use of alternative sources of meteorological data has become increasingly common, making it possible to evaluate areas with no long or continuous series of meteorological data. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of data series from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction / National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) for the state of Minas Gerais and verify the possible use of them in the absence of data observations of air temperature and wind speed. The analyzes were performed by comparing observation data from 17 meteorological stations and reanalysis data of the CFSR and CFSV2 models. From the results of the statistical analysis, it is observed that the air temperature reanalysis data presented a good performance in the region of study. However, wind speed data show a weak correlation. These results show that the air temperature data from these reanalyses have the potential to be used as an alternative source of data. Further studies are suggested regarding the use of wind speed data from these reanalyses.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profile of Coffea arabica L. Resistant to Leaf Rust Grown in Two Environments of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
L. O. Fassio ◽  
M. R. Malta ◽  
G. R. Carvalho ◽  
G. R. Liska ◽  
P. M. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Specialty Coffee ◽  
Sensorial Quality ◽  
Sensorial Attributes ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

The quality of the coffee drink is defined by its sensorial attributes which are developed through the chemical predecessors found on raw grains. Due to this relation, this present work had a goal evaluating the sensorial characteristics of resistant coffee cultivars to leaf rust for the production of specialty coffee and correlate them with the profile of fatty acids present on raw grains, enabling the distinction of cultivars in two environments of Minas Gerais. For this purpose, seven cultivars of Coffea arabica resistance to leaf rust were evaluated and two susceptible cultivars, in two growing environments: Lavras, in the South of Minas Gerais and Patrocínio, in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais. The C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 w-6, C18:3 w-3 fatty acids common in coffee grains, were identified in the cultivars. The presence of an acid uncommon in coffee grains, the gamma linolenic acid (C18:3 w-6, GLA) was also detected. The palmitic and alpha linolenic fatty acids presented correlation with the sensorial quality of the drink. The linoleic, palmitic, alpha linolenic and gamma linolenic fatty acids were capable to differentiate the Patrocinio and Lavras environments. The profile of the fatty acids permitted differentiate the leaf rust resistant cultivars, the environments as also the interaction between these two matters related to the sensorial quality.

scholarly journals Árbol De Decisión, Aplicación Con Datos Meteorológicos/Decision Tree, Application With Meteorological Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mariana Haro Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Abstract Data

La minería de datos es una técnica que hoy en día se aplica en muchas áreas de las ciencias, es por ello que con el objetivo de identificar variables meteorológicas predominantes a ocho intervalos de tiempo se aplicó la técnica supervisada árbol de clasificación en data mining. La información se obtuvo de la estación Alao, misma que se encuentra ubicada a 3064 m.s.m en la provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. El estudio se realizó mediante código desarrollado en el software estadístico R; los datos corresponden a información por hora del año 2016, las variables analizadas fueron; temperatura del aire, humedad relativa, presión barométrica, radiación solar difusa, radiación solar global, temperatura del suelo a −20cm y velocidad de viento. El árbol mostró que la principal variable en esta zona es la radiación solar global, a horas comprendidas de 06h00 a 08h00, si ésta es mayor o igual a 120w/m2, entonces se puede determinar la presión barométrica de 09h00 a 11h00 de la mañana; y si ésta es mayor o igual que 709w/m2, entonces se predice la temperatura del aire. El árbol de decisión es una técnica que permitió identificar variables meteorológicas relevantes, en determinadas horas donde se encuentra ubicada la estación Alao. Abstract: Data mining is a technique that today is applied in many areas of science, which is why in order to identify predominant meteorological variables at eight time intervals the supervised tree classification technique was applied in data mining. The information was obtained from the Alao station, which is located at 3064 m.s.m in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador. The study was carried out using a code developed in statistical software R, the data correspond to information by hour of the year 2016, the variables analyzes were air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, diffuse solar radiation, global solar radiation, soil temperature at −20cm and wind speed. The showed that the main variable in this area is the global solar radiation, at hours between 06h00 and 08h00, if it is greater than or equal to 120w/m2, then the barometric pressure can be determined from 09h00 to 11h00 of the morning, if, and it is great than or equal to 709w/m2, then the air temperature is predicted. The decision tree is a technique that allowed us to identify relevant meteorological variables in certain hours where the Alao station is located. Palabras clave: árboles de decisión, datos meteorológicos. Keywords: decision tree, meteorological data.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on “evaporation paradox” in province of Jiangsu in southeastern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247278
Author(s):  
Mengsheng Qin ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Shiquan Wan ◽  
Yuan Yue ◽  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Hydrological Cycles ◽  
Different Characteristics

Contrary to the common expectation that the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which is an indicator of the atmospheric evaporation capability, increases in warming climate, the decline of the ETo has been reported worldwide, and this contradiction between the expected increasing ETo and the observed decreasing one is now termed the “evaporation paradox”. Based on the updated meteorological data (1960–2019), we separately detected the spatiotemporal characteristics and the causes of the “evaporation paradox” in three subregions, namely Huaibei, Jianghuai, and Sunan, and throughout the entire province of Jiangsu in southeastern China. Different from the reported continuous unidirectional variations in the ETo, in the province of Jiangsu, it generally showed a decreasing trend before 1990 but followed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019, which led to the different characteristics of the “evaporation paradox” in the periods from 1960 to 1989, from 1990 to 2019, and from 1960 to 2019. In the first 30 years, the reduction of the wind speed (WS) was the main reason for the decreased ETo, which consequently gave rise to the “evaporation paradox” in spring and winter in the Huaibei region and only in winter in the two other subregions and throughout the entire province. We noticed that the “evaporation paradox” in spring in the Sunan region was expressed by the decreased daily mean air temperature (Tmean) and the increased ETo which was chiefly induced by the decreased relative humidity (RH) and the increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD). After 1990, the decreased WS also dominated the decreased ETo and resulted in the “evaporation paradox” in winter in the Jianghuai region. Furthermore, the decreased sunshine hour (SH) was the main factor influencing the decreased ETo, thereby inducing the “evaporation paradox” in summer and autumn in the Jianghuai region and only in autumn in the Huaibei region and throughout the whole province from 1990 to 2019. In the whole study period from 1960 to 2019, the decreased SH was also found to be responsible for the decreased ETo and for the “evaporation paradox” in summer in all the subregions and throughout the whole province. However, regarding the “evaporation paradox” in autumn, in winter, and in the entire year in the Huaibei region and throughout the whole province, the observed decreased ETo was largely due to the reduced WS from 1960 to 2019. In summary, in addition to the air temperature, the ETo has shifted due to the other meteorological variables (especially the WS, the SH, and the VPD) and shaped the unique spatiotemporal characteristics of the “evaporation paradox” in the province of Jiangsu in southeastern China. Moreover, future studies and simulations addressing the regional climate change and hydrological cycles should take account of the changeable key meteorological variables in different subregions and seasons of the province of Jiangsu.

scholarly journals SAMPLING DENSITY FOR CHARACTERIZING THE PHYSICAL QUALITY OF A SOIL UNDER COFFEE CULTIVATION IN SOUTHWESTERN MINAS GERAIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélida E. Q. Silvero ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Diego S. Siqueira ◽  
Romário P. Gomes ◽  
Milene M. R. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Sampling Density ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

scholarly journals Accuracy of air temperature forecasts and its use for prediction of the reference evapotranspiration

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ricardo da Silva ◽  
Lucas Andrade Barbosa ◽  
Rafael Resende Finzi ◽  
Bruno Teixeira Riberio ◽  
Nildo da Silva Dias
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Forecast Horizon ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to verify the quality of the short-term forecasts made by some web sites, as well as the potential of its use in estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo). For the period 2012-2013, every 4-days, the maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature forecasts for horizons of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours provided by public sites for Uberlandia-MG were collected and used for calculating the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) calibrated equation. The sites www.accuweather.com (WEATHER); www.cemig.com.br (CEMIG); jornaldotempo.uol.com.br; (JORNAL) and www.climatempo.com.br (CLIMA) were evaluated. For the same period, the meteorological data were taken at the National Institute of Meteorology (www.inmet.gov.br). The performance of the Tmax and Tmin forecasts as well as the ETo estimates were made by regression analysis, the mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and t-test. For all sites, there was a better performance in the prediction of Tmin when compared to Tmax, especially by a reduction in errors (MBE and RMSE) and an increase in coefficients b and R2. For ETo, the site CLIMA had lowest MBE and RMSE (0.9 mm d-1) following by the WEATHER and JORNAL. On the other hand, the site CEMIG presented higher values for MBE (-1.3 mm d-1) and RMSE (1.6 mm d-1). There was no worsening with an increase of the forecast horizon in these indices, except for R² values. The site CLIMA was the only one that did not differ significantly from the ETo values observed.  The results of diagnostic verification procedures indicate the potential use of air temperature forecasts in irrigation management.

scholarly journals Detrended Multiple Cross-Correlation Coefficient applied to solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea de Almeida Brito ◽  
Heráclio Alves de Araújo ◽  
Gilney Figueira Zebende
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Cross Correlations

AbstractDue to the importance of generating energy sustainably, with the Sun being a large solar power plant for the Earth, we study the cross-correlations between the main meteorological variables (global solar radiation, air temperature, and relative air humidity) from a global cross-correlation perspective to efficiently capture solar energy. This is done initially between pairs of these variables, with the Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, ρDCCA, and subsequently with the recently developed Multiple Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2. We use the hourly data from three meteorological stations of the Brazilian Institute of Meteorology located in the state of Bahia (Brazil). Initially, with the original data, we set up a color map for each variable to show the time dynamics. After, ρDCCA was calculated, thus obtaining a positive value between the global solar radiation and air temperature, and a negative value between the global solar radiation and air relative humidity, for all time scales. Finally, for the first time, was applied $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2 to analyze cross-correlations between three meteorological variables at the same time. On taking the global radiation as the dependent variable, and assuming that $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}={\bf{1}}$$DMCx2=1 (which varies from 0 to 1) is the ideal value for the capture of solar energy, our analysis finds some patterns (differences) involving these meteorological stations with a high intensity of annual solar radiation.

scholarly journals The effect of air temperature on hospital admission of adults with community acquired pneumonia in Baotou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfang Guo ◽  
Letai Yi ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Baojun Wang ◽  
Minhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Lower Temperature Range ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

AbstractThe relationship between air temperature and the hospital admission of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was analyzed. The hospitalization data pertaining to adult CAP patients (age ≥ 18 years) in two tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China from 2014 to 2018 and meteorological data there in the corresponding period were collected. The exposure–response relationship between the daily average temperature and the hospital admission of adult CAP patients was quantified by using a distributed lag non-linear model. A total of 4466 cases of adult patients with CAP were admitted. After eliminating some confounding factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, air pressure, long-term trend, and seasonal trend, a lower temperature was found to be associated with a higher risk of adult CAP. Compared to 21 °C, lower temperature range of 4 to –12 °C was associated with a greater number of CAP hospitalizations among those aged ≥ 65 years, and the highest relative risk (RR) was 2.80 (95% CI 1.15–6.80) at a temperature of − 10 °C. For those < 65 years, lower temperature was not related to CAP hospitalizations. Cumulative lag RRs of low temperature with CAP hospitalizations indicate that the risk associated with colder temperatures appeared at a lag of 0–7 days. For those ≥ 65 years, the cumulative RR of CAP hospitalizations over lagging days 0–5 was 1.89 (95% CI 1.01–3. 56). In brief, the lower temperature had age-specific effects on CAP hospitalizations in Baotou, China, especially among those aged ≥ 65 years.

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