The Language of “Overthrown Religion”: Tvardovsky about God

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Pavlova ◽  
Irina V. Romanova ◽  
Evgeny V. Kazartsev
Keyword(s):  
Poetic Language ◽  
Old World ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Thinking ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Purpose. In the literature about A. T. Tvardovsky, the theme of the writer's religiosity was rarely touched upon. The memoirs of contemporaries retained contradictory facts, by which it is difficult to judge Tvardovsky’s true convictions. This article presents the results of the study of the language of the writer. His poetry served as the material, and “Workbooks” were also involved. Results. Analysis of the poetic language showed that the life of the church, its language were familiar to a native of the Smolensk hinterland, as to every person of his time. Numerous References to various church realities are indicative – objects, buildings, people, sacraments, holidays. The subject of the research is the lexeme “God” and the peculiarities of its functioning in the poetic language of Tvardovsky, as well as, for comparison, in his documentary prose. For the early Tvardovsky, the rejection of the “old world” and its beliefs for the sake of Marxist-Leninist ideology is relevant. One of the vivid evidence of this refusal is the reduction of the constants of the religious thinking of the Russian person to sayings, idioms, and mentioning God in vain. The most categorical atheistic statements are put into the mouths of the heroes of the poems, for example, Nikita Morgunok and Terkin. The word God in idiomatic expressions is usually desemantized. Leaders, political and cultural idols are most often compared with God. Later, Tvardovsky significantly softens his atheistic positions, showing signs of spontaneous faith. He writes the penitential poem “By the Right of Memory”, becomes more careful and selective in expressions. Prose speech is enriched by a more conscious mention of God, mainly in contexts of supreme judgment, repentance and miraculous help. Tvardovsky opposes aggressive ideological policies that rudely try to replace one religion with another. In this process, he sees a metaphysical transition to the side of Evil. Conclusion. Tvardovsky experienced a spiritual evolution from militant autheism to a spontaneous faith, in which he was most worried about the problems of Higher Judgment and repentance. The highest value for him continued to be a person.

Discrimination and the Church of England: To What Extent does the Equality Act 2010 Adequately Protect Church of England Clergy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Grout*
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Sensitive Question ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Abstract The extent to which members of the clergy are considered ‘employees’ for the purposes of secular employment and equality legislation has been the subject of much discussion, but essentially remains a fact sensitive question. The Equality Act 2010 (‘the 2010 Act’) seeks to prevent discrimination on the basis of nine ‘protected characteristics’. While recognizing that the application of the 2010 Act to the variety of clergy offices is ‘not straightforward’, the Church of England (‘the Church’) has opined that an equitable approach to clergy appointments is to proceed as if they were subject to the provisions of the 2010 Act. What follows is in`tended to be a thorough review of the eligibility criteria for clergy appointment in the Church to assess their compatibility with the requirements of the 2010 Act. In addition, particular consideration will be given to Schedule 9(2) to the 2010 Act which makes specific provision relating to religious requirements concerning the protected characteristics of sex, sexual orientation, and marriage and civil partnership. In short, where the employment is for the purposes of an organized religion, such as the Church, requirements which relate to these protected characteristics will not constitute discrimination where they engage the ‘compliance or non-conflict principle’. What these principles mean and how they might operate in practice is discussed below, taking into account the likely canonical and theological justifications for discriminating against certain individuals. Whether the law strikes the right balance between, on the one hand protecting clergy and, on the other, providing the Church with the autonomy to act in accordance with its established doctrine, will be explored in the final analysis.

African Theology of Reconstruction: The Painful Realities and Practical Options!

Exchange ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masiiwa Ragies Gunda
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
African Theology ◽  
African People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractReconstruction theology in Africa has been the latest theological project coming out of Africa, beginning in 1990 it has gradually established itself and from 2003 a number of publications have come out on the subject. This paper seeks to make an addition to this growing list of publications. In this paper, I question the validity of the blame of external forces for all the woes that Africa is going through now. I instead propose that a functional reconstruction theology should primarily tackle the evil that we commit against ourselves. When we deal with this evil we have a likelihood of bringing African people into a proper unified group that can stand together against foreign elements. I also take issue with the selection of Nehemiah as the model upon which we can do our reconstruction theology. It is in this context that this paper suggests the prophet Amos over and above Jesus as the right model needed to confront the sort of problems we face as Africans. There is need for the church in Africa to undergo a reconstruction of its own after which the church can lead in the African reconstruction. This paper brings to the fore the painful realities of internally perpetrated evils, which are bigger than has been appreciated in many earlier contributions.

Wyclif and the Independence of the Church in England

1923 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alva Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
English Society ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
John Wyclif ◽  
The Church ◽  
Better Than

I was moved to investigate the subject of this study by an admiration of long standing for John Wyclif, and by the feeling that James Gairdner, the latest historian of Lollardy, had done scant justice to the religious movement that began with Wyclif, and that survived through a century and a half to lend powerful aid to Henry VIII, when the hour struck for the rejection of the Roman jurisdiction. When the work was finished, I found myself at a goal not far removed from that of Dr. Gairdner, although I had reached it with less reluctant feet. Dr. Gairdner had the spirit of the true archivist.1 He had no aversion to dust; he could endure even dirt; but disorder, never. And Lollardy, in English society in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, was a source of disorder. I do not revolt at disorder when great changes are necessary. Unlike Dr. Gairdner, I can find great uses for the man who “refused to recant or bow to the opinion of trained judges,” even though they “presumably understood such questions better than himself.” I cannot view the literature of Lollardy, admittedly crude, as “poisonous.” And I respectfully dissent from the view that an admission of the right of sects to exist is “fatal to the essence of Christianity itself.” But I have found ever increasing reason to concur in the conclusion to which Dr. Gairdner's unrivalled knowledge led him, viz., that Lollardy survived through the troubled days of the fifteenth century to “help Henry VIII put down the Pope,” that Henry's reformation of the Church was “precisely on Lollard lines,” and that “Lollardy affected the Church more and more after his death.”

THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH VENERATION OF THE ICONS OF ST. NICHOLAS «RATNY» AND THE STUDY OF THE MEDIEVAL ICON «NIKOLA OF MOZHAISKY»

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100
Author(s):  
M.A. KOMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Local History ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The purpose of the article is to present the history veneration of icons-copies of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, who was located in the fortress of Mozhaisk. The iconography of «Nikola Mozhaisky» or «Nikola the Feat» was distin-guished by the image of a sword in the right hand of the Saint. The historical and cultural study of the icon «Nikola Mozhaisky, the Miracle of Nicaea» from the collection of the Orel museum of local history is being conducted for the first time. The author offers a comprehensive method of historical and art history research with a combination of the method of art history analysis of the subject.The author dates the subject to the last third of the 16-th century, defines the historical and cultural context of this subjectorigin and existence, and also considers the historical and artistic sources of and similar objectsoriginin late medieval Russian culture.

scholarly journals O processo canônico sobre os delitos contra menores

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (287) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Denilson Geraldo
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Canonical Process ◽  
The Press ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

As notícias sobre crimes contra menores envolvendo clérigos têm repercutido intensamente na imprensa. Nos últimos tempos, a legislação eclesiástica sobre o assunto foi sendo aperfeiçoada em duas direções: assegurar o cumprimento da justiça e a proteção às vítimas e o direito de defesa aos clérigos acusados. A notícia ou denúncia do delito ao Ordinário deve responder aos requisitos: o conteúdo do delito contra o sexto mandamento e a credibilidade da denúncia. O agir do Ordinário ao receber a notícia sobre o delito visa, inicialmente, a proteção do menor; por isso, a prudência é sempre a primeira das virtudes, assegurando a boa fama do clérigo investigado. Neste sentido, desenvolvem-se as normas sobre o método da investigação prévia que pode chegar ao afastamento do acusado do ministério sagrado, iniciando o processo penal administrativo ou judicial. Contudo, a falta de credibilidade da acusação pode levar ao encerramento e ao arquivamento da denúncia. De fato, o processo canônico é instrumento de justiça e todos os envolvidos neste trabalho eclesial são chamados a testemunhar a caridade.Abstract: News of crimes against minors involving clerics has been strongly reflected in the press. In recent times the ecclesiastical legislation on the subject has been refined in two directions: firstly to ensure the fulfilment of justice and protection to victims, and secondly the right to defend accused clergy. The news of the offence to the Ordinary must meet the following requirements: the content of an offence against the sixth commandment and the credibility of the complaint. The initial act of the Ordinary on knowledge of the offence is to protect minors, so caution is always the first virtue, as well as ensuring the good reputation of the cleric is investigated. In this sense, the Church has developed rules on the method of prior research, which may result in the removal of the accused from the sacred ministry, and include initiating criminal proceedings and/or administrative proceedings. However, the lack of credibility of the prosecution can lead to a conclusion and the filing of the complaint. In fact, the canonical process is an instrument of justice and all involved in this work and within the Church are called to witness to charity.

scholarly journals SUBJECTIVE SIGNS OF THE COMPOSITION OF CRIMES IN THE LAWS OF THE STATES OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
B. A. Molchanov ◽  
M. V. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
The Church

The paper discusses formation and development of criminal legislation on the subject and subjective signs of the crime in the countries of medieval Europe within the comparative jurisprudence. The authors note that the level of culture and statehood in any society and its government bodies as a whole depends on the attitude of the society and the state to those who committed unlawful, criminally punishable acts. On the materials of criminal law in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages (Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece, etc.) a strict liability was in law-enforcement practice. New states were formed during the Middle Ages. That led to the need of strengthening their authority of state power and statehood. Consequently, the state got the right to protect the interests of the individual and society, and the right to creation a new criminal legislation and its institutions. The church survived after liquidation of many public and state institutions. On the one hand, it contributed to the preservation of scientific achievements of the Ancient World. On the other hand, the church deprived science of free critical attitude to the issues under study. Philosophy and jurisprudence were based on theology. Criminal-legal institutions could be developed only in the direction, which had been approved by the church. Clearly, the idea of protecting the rights of the individual, strict liability and conditions of sanity could not be widely applied. As soon as the states were originated, strict liability was necessary to stop the blood feud and delegation of the judiciary from the society to the state. The obtained knowledge about the world and deeper understanding of the causality of what is happening facilitated the process. From the political point of view, theology (a Christian doctrine) influenced the criminal law policy in Medieval Time. The legislator regulated a range of subjects of the crime. In X - XI centuries, ancient ideas of strict liability were accepted in Europe. Crimes were divided into willful and not deliberate. The principle of the personal guilty is directly related to the subject of the crime. Murderers, rapists, thieves, swindlers and others were declared criminals. Judicial practice of many times and peoples gives us numerous examples confirming the existence of views on the animal as a subject of crime. Age limits of legal responsibility were defined as the minority, which is different from the social maturity, and sometimes old age, were considered the reason for the undisputed crime blamed of a crime to a subject. People under 14 years old could not be subjected to the death penalty, except when "malice can make up for the lack of age". The authors pay attention to the fact that the interests of healthy individuals guided medieval jurisprudence and medicine. They also regulated peculiarities of the healthy individuals’ legal capacity, presence of dementia and mental illnesses, etc. The mitigation of punishment in some cases when the fault of the subject of the crime was absent, fixing the criminal-legal significance of the motive of the crime, intent and some other subjective features in the legislation were a progress. Studies of the Medieval European States shows that the legislator at that time did not formulate general signs of the subject of the crime and did not know the criminal legal concept of strict liability. However, there was a need to solve the problem. Thus, the paper discusses the essence of the criminal legal significance of the сorpus delicti, its place in the criminal law and law enforcement practiceю. The authors used scientific literature of both foreign and Russian

The Attitude of the Orthodox Parishioners Toward Euthanasia: Evidence From Georgia

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengiz Verulava ◽  
Mariam Mamulashvili ◽  
Iago Kachkachishvili ◽  
Revaz Jorbenadze
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Background The right of euthanasia is the subject of worldwide discussion today, as it is one of the most controversial medical, religious, political, or ethical issues. This study aims to survey the attitudes of Orthodox parishioners toward the euthanasia. Methods: Within the quantitative study, the survey was conducted through a semistructured questionnaire. Respondents were the parishioners of the Orthodox Church. Within the qualitative study, the survey of the experts of the Orthodox Church, in particular the clergy, was conducted. During the survey of the experts, we used the snowball method. Results The majority of respondents (81%) were aware of euthanasia. The dominant opinion is that euthanasia is “ the consent to life termination during the illness, when there is no way out and recovery is impossible” or “ a terminally ill person voluntarily decides to end life painlessly.” Those who disagree with euthanasia rely on the religious factors (why the church prohibits it). Those who agree with euthanasia action argue the legitimate human rights and free will of person. Most of the respondents (86%) have not heard about euthanasia practices in Georgia. Most of the respondents (71%) knew that the Orthodox Church prohibits euthanasia; 39% of the respondents believe that euthanasia is justified in medical terms. Conclusion It is advisable to raise public awareness on euthanasia in religious, medical, cultural, social, and legal aspects.

scholarly journals “SOCIOLOGY OF ONTOLOGY”: IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE STRUGGLE FOR THE CREED AT THE FIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCIL

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
VIKTOR S. LEVYTSKYY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ecumenical Council ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
Important Milestone

The process of adoption of the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed is well documented and studied in modern literature. As a rule, it becomes the subject of research in religious studies or theological discourses. However, it raises philosophical problems. Interdisciplinary research allows us to see a tool in the struggle for church authority and power in a theoretical debate on the central principles of Christian dogma: “copyright” on the ontological basis of the teachings of the Church automatically increased the importance of its owners in the church hierarchy. Acknowledging the growing cultural influence of the Church, the confrontation of the opposing groups during the First Ecumenical Council was an important milestone in the struggle for the right to form the central meanings of the new social reality, as well as identities and institutions, which were based on it. The article analyzes the factors that ensured the victory of the party of Alexander Athanasius and ultimately led to the adoption of the Orthodox Symbol of Faith...

Contemporary Machiavellian theses "The strategy of the role of the absurd state as a model"

2020 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ali Hussein Hameed ◽  
Saif Hayder AL.Husainy
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Information Revolution ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modern Technologies

In the anarchism that governs the nature and patterns of international relations characterized by instability and uncertainty in light of several changes, as well as the information revolution and the resulting developments and qualitative breakthroughs in the field of scientific and advanced technological knowledge and modern technologies.  All of these variables pushed toward the information flow and flow tremendously, so rationality became an indispensable matter for the decision maker as he faces these developments and changes. There must be awareness and rationality in any activity or behavior because it includes choosing the best alternative and making the right decision and selecting the information accurately and mental processing Through a mental system based on objectivity, methodology, and accumulated experience away from idealism and imagination, where irrationality and anarchy are a reflection of the fragility of the decision-maker, his lack of awareness of the subject matter, his irresponsibility, and recklessness that inevitably leads to failure by wasting time and Effort and potential. The topic acquires its importance from a search in the strategies of the frivolous state and its characteristics with the ability to influence the regional, and what it revealed is a turning point in how to adapt from the variables and employ them to their advantage and try to prove their existence. Thus, the problem comes in the form of a question about the possibility of the frivolous state in light of the context of various regional and international events and trends. The answer to this question stems from the main hypothesis that (the aim which the frustrating state seeks to prove is that it finds itself compelled to choose several strategies that start from the nature of its characteristics and the goals that aim at it, which are centered in the circle of its interests in the field of its struggle for the sake of its survival and area of influence).

Strategi Humas Partai Gerindra dalam Membangun Citra Partai pada Pemilu 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rialdo Rezeky ◽  
Muhammad Saefullah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Media Relations ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
Participatory Observation

The approach of this research is qualitative and descriptive. In this study those who become the subject of research is an informant (key figure). The subject of this study is divided into two main components, consisting of internal public and external public that is from the Board of the Central Executive Board of Gerindra Party, Party Cadres, Observers and Journalists. The object of this research is the behavior, activities and opinions of Gerindra Party Public Relation Team. In this study used data collection techniques with interviews, participatory observation, and triangulation of data. The results of this study indicate that the Public Relations Gerindra has implemented strategies through various public relations programs and establish good media relations with the reporters so that socialization goes well. So also with the evaluation that is done related to the strategy of the party. The success of Gerindra Party in maintaining the party’s image in Election 2014 as a result of the running of PR strategy and communication and sharing the right type of program according to the characteristics of the voting community or its constituents.Keywords: PR Strategy, Gerindra Party, Election 2014

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