scholarly journals Diagnostics of Fibrosis in Alcoholic Liver Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
E. N. Travenko ◽  
V. A. Porodenko

Aim. In this article, the authors determine the severity (index) of histological activity (HAI) and fi brosis in various forms of alcoholic liver disease drawing on the autopsy material, as well as suggest a marker for detecting fi brosis.Materials and methods. The authors studied 110 autopsies and histopathological studies of people who died from ethanol poisoning in the setting of various forms of alcoholic liver damage (95) and traumatic brain injury – control (15). Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was studied through histochemical methods; values were estimated through the quantitative morphometry of the histochemical reaction product using the MORFOLOG program developed at the Department for Forensic Medicine (V.A. Porodenko, 1996). Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 10 software package and a created Exсel database. In order to determine the signifi cance between two compared values, the Student’s t-test was employed. Correlations were estimated using the Spearman’s rank correlation coeffi cient (r).Results. The study revealed various degrees of histological activity and fi brosis in the setting of alcoholic steatosis, hepatitis and cirrhosis. The initial liver damage is characterised by minimal / weak activity and F0–F2 stage of fi brosis. With the progression of the pathological process in the liver, HAI is estimated as moderate and severe (F2–F4 stage of fi brosis). There is a correlation between the development of perisinusoidal and pericellular fi broses (r = –0.655), septae (r = –0.435), connective tissue in the portal tracts and around a vein (r = –0.517) and the number of medium caliber vessels in the liver, as well as between the portal vein diameter and the development of perisinusoidal and pericellular fi broses (r = 0.377). The authors noted high and moderate positive correlation between the ADH activity in zone 3 of the liver acini and the development of necroses and fi brosis, minor cholestases, expansion of the perisinusoidal spaces. The calculated index of fi brosis and ischemic liver damage correlates with its impaired morphofunctional state.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that fi brosis develops in the early stages of alcoholic liver damage, whose severity can be assessed using the proposed method for determining the index of fi brosis and ischemic liver damage, given that it refl ects both the structural and functional state of the organ.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-340
Author(s):  
Marina Marchenoka

Aim. The purpose of this article is to define the scientific paradigm in understanding of the concept of “life strategies of a person” and to conduct an empirical research in order to determine average values of indicators of life meaningfulness and subjective perception of the past, present, and future of senior students in Latvia. Methods. The research is based on the theoretical study of different conceptual approaches to comprehension of the phenomenon life strategies. Following research methods were used:1) Dmitry Leontiev’s test defined in “purpose life orientations” method (2006); for data acquisition; 2) a method “past, present and future” by Svetlana Mezhvidova (2001); 3) “colour test” method invented by Max Lüscher (1990). For processing data following analysis methods were used: processing of quantitative data by applying methods of mathematical analysis of statistical data as well as forecasting analytical methods.; Student’s t-test to compare medians of two independent samples; Spearman’s rank correlation; processing of qualitative data: content study and analysis, coding and processing of the obtained data; elucidation of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results and conclusions. The theoretical analysis suggests that there is a definite scientific paradigm in understanding of the concept of life strategies of senior students. The empirical research showed that Latvian senior students have the average indicators of sense life orientations and that they are quite low according to statistically different scales. It characterises the insufficient process of setting and defining goals by senior students, the achievement of which would help them acquire the sense of meaningfulness, direction, and hopefulness of future life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (90) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Iryna Sarga ◽  
Jakub Bonisławski ◽  
Michał Spieszny

Aim. The main aim of the research was to evaluate and compare changes in accuracy of throws performed by KS Cracovia 1906 handball players, before and after endurance effort. Basic procedures. The study was carried out among14 players who played in the second women’s handball division in the 2016/2017 season. The study took place during final preparations for the season, at the beginning of September 2016. The level of durability of the tested players was assessed using the Beep Test and the accuracy of throws, both before and after the endurance effort (after the Beep Test), was analysed, considering the training and endurance experience of the tested handball players. Basic methods of descriptive statistics, the Student’s t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used in the preparation of the results, and to assess the size of differences between the individual players, normalised indicators were calculated. Results main findings. Analysis of the research results presented in the study showed that after a long-term effort of endurance nature, the accuracy of throws among the tested handball players decreased. It seems that they suffered from nervous system fatigue leading to less accurate and less precise performance of motor tasks. Conclusions. On the basis of the analysis performed in the study, the following conclusions were drawn: that the accuracy of throws among KS Cracovia 1906 handball players after a long endurance effort, significantly decreased, and the accuracy of throws, both before and after the endurance effort, does not depend on the training period. Furthermore, more time should be devoted to the formation of aerobic strength in training the tested team.


Author(s):  
D. V. Kulikov ◽  
A. Yu. Korolkov

Introduction. One of the most significant components of acute destructive pancreatitis (ADP) is enzymatic parapancreatitis (EP). The severity of the defeat of the retroperitoneal tissue from the early stages of the disease largely determines its course.The objectivewas to assess the features of the evolution of the pathological process in the retroperitoneal tissue in ADP and the effect of EP on the course of phase I of ADP.Methods and materials. 63 cases (ADP) without enzymatic peritonitis were analyzed. The average age of patients was (46.6±3.2) years (p≤0.05). The sum of points according to the express diagnostic scale of the SPb I. I. Dzhanelidze RIEM was (3.7±0.2) points (p≤0.05). The average time from the onset of the disease to the start of therapy was 2 days (from 7 to 1 day).Results. Types of EP at admission were distributed as follows: type B – 17.5 % (n=11) of cases, type C – 44.4 % (n=28) of cases, type D – 30.2 % (n=19) of cases, type E – 7.9 % (n=5) of cases. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for assessing the relationship between the severity of the condition and the type of parapancreatitis was 0.069. Infiltrative parapancreatitis (IP) was formed in 93.4 % of cases. The types of infiltrative parapancreatitis (pancreatic infiltrate) were distributed as follows: type A – 12.3 % (n=7) of cases, type B – 21.1 % (n=12) of cases, type C – 36.8 % (n=21) of cases, type D – 19.3 % (n=11) of cases, type E – 10.5 % (n=6) of cases. There was a pronounced relation between the severity of the patient’s condition and the prevalence of IP, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.82.Conclusions. EP is formed in most cases of acute destructive pancreatitis and is evolutionary. It has a significant effect on the severity of the patient’s condition and the course of acute destructive pancreatitis in the infiltrative phase of the disease.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-357
Author(s):  
Andrey I. Shutenko ◽  
◽  
Elena N. Shutenko ◽  
Julia P. Derevyanko ◽  
Marina A. Kanishcheva ◽  
...  

Effective training of competent specialists in a contemporary university requires the disclosure of personal abilities and internal potential of students who realize themselves as subjects of learning activity. The problem of studying the psychological factors of enhancing learning and self-realization of students in the educational space is of particular relevance. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption about the influence of motivational, personal-orientation and life-sense factors on the level of students' self-realization in university education. The study involved 224 students of the 4-5th courses from Belgorod National Research University and Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. The author’s questionnaire for identifying the degree of students' self-realization in learning, as well as questionnaires and tests known in psychology for identification of motivational, personal and sense-purpose characteristics, served as diagnostic tools. The results were processed using cluster analysis, Student's t-test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. As a result it turned out that students with varying degrees of self-realization in education had differences in personal characteristics. Students with stable self-realization had higher scores for such motivational parameters as: attitude to learning (t = 7.056, p ≤ 0.001), self-expression need (t = 3.08, p = 0.003), satisfaction of achievements (t = 5.33, p ≤ 0.001). Meanwhile, students with low self-realization had an increased safety need (t = 2.26, p = 0.016). According to personal orientations and self-attitude, students with articulated self-realization were characterized by higher scores in terms of self-regard (t = 2.77, p = 0.007), self-management (t = 4.34, p ≤ 0.001), reflected self-attitude (t = 3.18, p = 0.002) and self-esteem (t = 3.02, p = 0.005). With regard to life-sense orientations, students with stable self-realization were distinguished by higher values of internal locus of control t = 4.50, p ≤ 0.001), life management (t = 4.07, p ≤ 0,001), life productivity (t = 3.84, p ≤ 0.001) and interesting eventful life (t = 3.80, p ≤ 0.001). Based on the correlation analysis, a number of positive relationships of self-realization markers in according to the questionnaire with personal characteristics of students were revealed. A positive connection was remarked between attitude to learning and following markers: the intention to work intensively in the classes (r = 0.52, p ≤ 0.01), recognizing of the usefulness of learning for oneself (r = 0.50, p ≤ 0.01), minimal learning frustration (r = 0.49, p ≤ 0.01). Satisfaction of knowledge correlated with markers of achieving a better self-knowledge (r = 0.49, p ≤ 0.01) and developing of personal abilities (r = 0.48, p ≤ 0.01). Self-management correlates with marker of achieving a deeper self-understanding (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.01). Thus, the study made it possible to present the differentiated personal characteristics of students with different levels of self-realization in learning. The results can be useful for improving university practice in creating psychological and pedagogical conditions for a more complete students’ self-realization in the training process.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Bum Kim ◽  
Kang-Moon Lee ◽  
Ji Min Lee ◽  
Yoon Yung Chung ◽  
Hea Jung Sung ◽  
...  

Objectives. Recent studies suggest that histological healing is a treatment goal in ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between histological activity and clinical, endoscopic, and serologic activities in patients with UC.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records from patients with UC who underwent colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy with biopsies. The Mayo endoscopic subscore was used to assess endoscopic activity. Biopsy specimens were reviewed by two blinded pathologists and scored using the Geboes scoring system.Results. We analyzed 154 biopsy specimens from 82 patients with UC. Histological scores exhibited strong correlation with endoscopic subscores (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficientr=0.774,p<0.001) and moderate correlation with C-reactive protein levels (r=0.422,p<0.001) and partial Mayo scores (r=0.403,p<0.001). Active histological inflammation (Geboes score ≥ 3.1) was observed in 6% (2 of 33) of the endoscopically normal mucosa samples, 66% (19 of 29) of mild disease samples, and 98% (90 of 92) of moderate-to-severe disease samples.Conclusions. Histological activity was closely correlated with the endoscopic, clinical, and serologic UC activities. However, several patients with mild or normal endoscopic findings exhibited histological evidence of inflammation. Therefore, histological assessment may be helpful in evaluating treatment outcomes and determining follow-up strategies.


Author(s):  
Paula Kage ◽  
Laura Poblotzki ◽  
Samira Zeynalova ◽  
Julia Zarnowski ◽  
Jan-Christoph Simon ◽  
...  

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Atopic eczema (AE) is known to be associated with depression and anxiety. We aimed at investigating the occurrence of selected psychological comorbidities in patients with AE under treatment in our university dermatological department. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Monocentric prospective examination of adult AE patients using PO-SCORAD (Patient-Oriented Severity Scoring of AD), EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index), POEM (Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure), DLQI (Dermatologic Life Quality Index), LSNS-6 (Lubben Social Network Scale 6), CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), HADS-D and -A (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7) was carried out. We looked for correlations between AE severity and psychosocial comorbidities. Data were compared with age- and sex-matched controls from nonatopic subjects. Statistics: Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank correlation were used. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-four patients (44 women, median age 35.0 years, range: 19.4–92.8 years) were included. PO-SCORAD was 40.4 [23.4–55.4] (median [interquartile range]), EASI 9.3 [3.4–18.9], POEM 16 [8–24], and DLQI 10 [4–18]. Compared with 161 from the healthy LIFE-Adult cohort controls, our patients with AE had significantly higher scores for HADS, GAD-7, and CES-D (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, respectively), but there was no increase in the LSNS score (18 vs. 19; <i>p</i> = 0.067). Within the group of AE patients, there was a significant correlation of the subjective skin severity and the depression and anxiety values: POEM significantly correlated with GAD-7, CES-D, and HADS-A and -D (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). PO-SCORAD significantly correlated with GAD-7 and CES-D (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). EASI correlated neither with HADS-A or -D nor with CES-D. Patients with suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempts in the last 12 months had significantly more severe AE than those without (POEM 25 [15.3–26] vs. 15 [7–23]; <i>p</i> = 0.013, and PO-SCORAD 51.6 [40.2–63] vs. 20.5 [20.7–52]; <i>p</i> = 0.014). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with AE being currently under treatment in our department had significantly increased scores indicating depression and anxiety. Suicidal tendency was increased in patients with severe AE. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> AE patients may develop depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Patient-oriented scores may help identifying high-risk patients.


Author(s):  
Fu-Ju Tsai ◽  
Cheng-Yu Chen ◽  
Gwo-Liang Yeh ◽  
Yih-Jin Hu ◽  
Chie-Chien Tseng ◽  
...  

Background: Nursing educators should train nursing students to pursue physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health promotion. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between nursing students’ meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study with a quantitative approach was adopted. Purposive sampling was used. A total of 170 nursing students voluntarily participated in this study. A 56-item questionnaire was used to examine nursing students’ meaning of life (1-25 items), positive beliefs (1-11 items), and well-being (1-20 items). The content validity index (CVI) of the study questionnaire was established as 0.95 by seven expert scholars. The reliability values for the three parts of the measure were as follows: meaning of life, Cronbach’s α 0.96; positive beliefs, Cronbach’s α 0.93; and well-being, Cronbach’s α 0.95. Percentages, frequencies, means, SDs, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by rank, Spearman’s rank correlation, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s rho correlation, and regression analysis were used for the data analysis. Results: Nursing students had the following mean scores: meaning of life with 4.02 (SD 0.56); positive beliefs with 3.92 (SD 0.62); and well-being with 3.95 (SD 0.57). The results indicate that for all nursing students, meaning of life was positively correlated with positive beliefs, r=0.83 (P<.01); similarly, all nursing students had positive beliefs that were positively correlated with meaning of life, r=0.83 (P<.01). In the results of the study, the nursing students’ background, meaning of life and positive beliefs explained 63% of the variance in well-being (Adjusted R2 squared =0.63, F=33.41, P<.001). Conclusions: Nursing students’ sense of meaning of life and positive beliefs may impact their well-being. Therefore, nursing educators can promote meaning of life and positive beliefs to nursing students as a way to increase their well-being for physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health promotion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Peian Lou ◽  
Xiaoluo Chen ◽  
Chenguang Wu ◽  
Shihe Shao

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is mainly affected by genetic and environmental factors; however, the correlation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with T2DM remains largely unknown. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in patients with T2DM and healthy controls, and the expression of two candidate lncRNAs (lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3) were further validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to measure the degree of association between the two candidate lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway and GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis were used to reveal the biological functions of the two candidate lncRNAs. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. Results The microarray analysis revealed that there were 55 lncRNAs and 36 mRNAs differentially expressed in patients with T2DM compared with healthy controls. Notably, lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 was significantly upregulated and lnc-AIM1-3 was significantly downregulated in patients with T2DM, which was validated in a large-scale qRT-PCR examination (90 controls and 100 patients with T2DM). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient revealed that both lncRNAs were correlated with 36 differentially expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, functional enrichment (KEGG and GO) analysis demonstrated that the two lncRNA-related mRNAs might be involved in multiple biological functions, including cell programmed death, negative regulation of insulin receptor signal, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 were significantly correlated with T2DM (OR = 5.791 and 0.071, respectively, both P = 0.000). Furthermore, the ROC curve showed that the expression of lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 might be used to differentiate patients with T2DM from healthy controls (area under the ROC curve = 0.664 and 0.769, respectively). Conclusion The profiles of lncRNA and mRNA were significantly changed in patients with T2DM. The expression levels of lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 genes were significantly correlated with some features of T2DM, which may be used to distinguish patients with T2DM from healthy controls and may serve as potential novel biomarkers for diagnosis in the future.


Author(s):  
Rei Nakamichi ◽  
Toshiaki Taoka ◽  
Hisashi Kawai ◽  
Tadao Yoshida ◽  
Michihiko Sone ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose To identify magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC) imaging findings related to Gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) leakage into the subarachnoid space. Materials and methods The number of voxels of GBCA leakage (V-leak) on 3D-real inversion recovery images was measured in 56 patients scanned 4 h post-intravenous GBCA injection. Bridging veins (BVs) were identified on MRC. The numbers of BVs with surrounding cystic structures (BV-cyst), with arachnoid granulations protruding into the superior sagittal sinus (BV-AG-SSS) and the skull (BV-AG-skull), and including any of these factors (BV-incl) were recorded. Correlations between these variables and V-leak were examined based on the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to investigate the predictive performance of GBCA leakage. Results V-leak and the number of BV-incl were strongly correlated (r = 0.609, p < 0.0001). The numbers of BV-cyst and BV-AG-skull had weaker correlations with V-leak (r = 0.364, p = 0.006; r = 0.311, p = 0.020, respectively). The number of BV-AG-SSS was not correlated with V-leak. The ROC curve for contrast leakage exceeding 1000 voxels and the number of BV-incl had moderate accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.871. Conclusion The number of BV-incl may be a predictor of GBCA leakage and a biomarker for waste drainage function without using GBCA.


Author(s):  
Cheryl Jones ◽  
Katherine Payne ◽  
Alexander Thompson ◽  
Suzanne M. M. Verstappen

Abstract Objectives To identify whether it is feasible to develop a mapping algorithm to predict presenteeism using multiattribute measures of health status. Methods Data were collected using a bespoke online survey in a purposive sample (n = 472) of working individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Survey respondents were recruited using an online panel company (ResearchNow). This study used data captured using two multiattribute measures of health status (EQ5D-5 level; SF6D) and a measure of presenteeism (WPAI, Work Productivity Activity Index). Statistical correlation between the WPAI and the two measures of health status (EQ5D-5 level; SF6D) was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Five regression models were estimated to quantify the relationship between WPAI and predict presenteeism using health status. The models were specified based in index and domain scores and included covariates (age; gender). Estimated and observed presenteeism were compared using tenfold cross-validation and evaluated using Root mean square error (RMSE). Results A strong and negative correlation was found between WPAI and: EQ5D-5 level and WPAI (r = − 0.64); SF6D (r =− 0.60). Two models, using ordinary least squares regression were identified as the best performing models specifying health status using: SF6D domains with age interacted with gender (RMSE = 1.7858); EQ5D-5 Level domains and age interacted with gender (RMSE = 1.7859). Conclusions This study provides indicative evidence that two existing measures of health status (SF6D and EQ5D-5L) have a quantifiable relationship with a measure of presenteeism (WPAI) for an exemplar application of working individuals with RA. A future study should assess the external validity of the proposed mapping algorithms.


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