scholarly journals Theoretical Review of Boredom and Ways to Eliminate

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchi.Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Current Task ◽  
State Boredom

Boredom is frequently considered inconsequential and has received relatively little research attention. We argue that boredom has important implications for human functioning, based on emotion theory and empirical evidence. Specifically, we argue that boredom motivates pursuit of new goals when the previous goal is no longer beneficial. Exploring alternate goals and experiences allows the attainment of goals that might be missed if people fail to reengage. Similar to other discrete emotions, we propose that boredom has specific and unique impacts on behavior, cognition, experience and physiology. Consistent with a broader argument that boredom encourages the behavioral pursuit of alternative goals, we argue that, while bored, attention to the current task is reduced, the experience of boredom is negative and aversive, and that boredom increases autonomic arousal to ready the pursuit of alternatives. By motivating desire for change from the current state, boredom increases opportunities to attain social, cognitive, emotional and experiential stimulation that could have been missed. We review the limited extant literature to support these claims, and call for more experimental boredom research.

A Comparative Analysis of Investor and Auditor Materiality Judgments

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Todd DeZoort ◽  
Travis P. Holt ◽  
Jonathan D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Policy Capturing ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Critical Domain ◽  
Extant Literature

SUMMARY Materiality remains a challenging concept for auditors to implement in practice. The challenges underlying auditor materiality assessments are compounded by the fact that courts, regulation, and professional standards emphasize that materiality should be based on a “reasonable investor” perspective. Despite the investor orientation and ambiguous nature of the “reasonable investor” criterion, the extant literature lacks empirical evidence about investor materiality judgments and decision-making. To address this problem, we model sophisticated and unsophisticated investors' materiality judgments in a policy-capturing study and compare them to experienced auditors charged with assessing materiality from an investor perspective. The results indicate significant differences in materiality judgments, judgment consensus, and cue utilization among the three participant groups. We conclude the paper with discussion of the study's implications, highlighting that the overall results suggest the need for further consideration of ways to help auditors meet standards and expectations in this critical domain.

Percezione sociale e paranoia: una rassegna

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Combs ◽  
Dustin J: Chapman ◽  
Casey Reneau
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Current State ◽  
Interest In Research

- There has been an increased interest in research on paranoia and persecutory delusions. This is partly based on the idea that paranoia exists on a continuum ranging from sub-clinical to clinical levels. One area of interest is in social cognition as it may provide methods to understand how persons with paranoia perceive, interpret, and understand their social world. Previous research has showed that social cognition directly influences or mediates social functioning. Paranoia can be ideally approached from a social cognitive perspective, which makes understanding these processes even more important. For this review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge for paranoia as it pertains to the three primary domains of social cognition: 1) emotion/social perception, 2) theory of mind, and 3) attributional style. Deficits in emotion/social perception appear to be found across the paranoia continuum. In contrast, deficits in theory of mind and attributional style are typically found in persons with clinical levels of paranoia. Future studies should focus on understanding the processes that might underlie the deficits.

The Admission and Regulation of Overseas Issuers

2018 ◽  
pp. 651-675
Author(s):  
Horace Yeung
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Investor Protection ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cross Listing ◽  
Regulatory Cooperation

This chapter examines the potential discrepancies in the regulation applied to overseas issuers, as opposed to domestic issuers, of four leading financial centers. They are New York, London, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It consists of three substantive sections. The first section will reviews existing literature and empirical evidence concerning the motivations and current state of cross-listing. The second section examines the listing route for an overseas issuer and inquires how it might differ from a domestic listing in the host country. This chapter particularly concerns the potential discrepancies of rules between a foreign listing and a domestic listing and asks if those discrepancies would lead to better or inferior investor protection. The third section examines the continuing regulation of foreign-listed companies, reviewing some regulatory concerns involving cross-listed companies and discussing what can be done to curb the problems, for instance, through regulatory cooperation between home and host regulators.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive and Social Cognitive Approaches for Improving Functional Outcome in Early Psychosis: Theoretical Considerations and Current State of Evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cali F. Bartholomeusz ◽  
Kelly Allott
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State

Improving functional outcome, in addition to alleviating psychotic symptoms, is now a major treatment objective in schizophrenia research. Given the large body of evidence suggesting pharmacological treatments generally have minimal effects on indices of functioning, research has turned to psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Among these, neurocognitive and social cognitive interventions are at the forefront of this field and are argued to target core deficits inherent to the schizophrenia illness. However, to date, research trials have primarily focused on chronic schizophrenia populations, neglecting the early psychosis groups who are often as severely impaired in social and occupational functioning. This theoretical paper will outline the rationale for investigating adjunctive cognitive-based interventions in the early phases of psychotic illness, critically examine the current approach strategies used in these interventions, and assess the evidence supporting certain training programs for improving functional outcome in early psychosis. Potential pathways for future research will be discussed.

scholarly journals Research Weaving: Visualizing the Future of Research Synthesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Gihan Samarasinghe ◽  
Neal Robert Haddaway ◽  
Martin J. Westgate ◽  
Rose E O'Dea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Framework

We propose, and formalize, a new framework for research synthesis of both evidence and influence, named ‘research weaving’. It summarizes and visualizes information content, history, and networks among a collection of diverse publication types on any given topic. Research weaving achieves this feat by combining the power of two methodologies: systematic mapping and bibliometrics. Systematic mapping provides a snapshot of the current state of knowledge, identifying areas needing more research attention and those ready for full synthesis (e.g., using meta-analysis). Bibliometrics enables researchers to see how pieces of evidence are connected, revealing the structure and the evolution of a field. We explain how to become a ‘research weaver’, and discuss how research weaving may change the landscape of research synthesis.

scholarly journals Teaching in Indian Higher Education: Six Principles for Improvement

2018 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Sayantan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
National Study ◽  
Current State ◽  
Indian Higher Education ◽  
Effective Teaching And Learning

While traditional, information-oriented lectures have been the de-facto practice in Indian higher education institutions (HEIs), they are often not effective in imparting learning. There is a need to reform instruction in colleges and universities, focusing on effective teaching and learning methods. As a first step in that direction, a national study of selected public HEIs attempts to assess the current state of teaching by focusing on different teaching practices at the undergraduate and master’s (graduate) levels. The study reflects on issues and challenges and suggests six principles to help improve teaching in Indian college and universities. This is a synthesis of the research, based on empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Application of ontological analysis for metadata processing in the interpretation of BIG DATA at the semantic level

2020 ◽  
pp. 055-070
Author(s):  
J.V. Rogushina ◽  
◽  
A.Ya. Gladun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
User Interest ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Natural Language Text ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Metadata Processing

The paper considers the main aspects of modern technologies applied for knowledge analysis to obtain information from Big Data. The analysis of the current state of research in this area shows that background knowledge subject areas of user interest represented by domain ontologies can be used both in order to effectively analysis of information acquried from certain sets of Big Data, and to make this acquisition more useful. With the help of such ontologies, users can formally describe the scope of their information needs, define the structure of the required information objects and explicitly highlight critical for current task domain aspects. Subject of rocessing in the semantics analysis of Big Data is their metadata usually represented by unstructured natural language text. We need to standardize the representation of meta-descriptions wit use of appropriate ontologies that determine the structure and content of individual elements of metadata.

scholarly journals Status and Risk Factors of Chinese Teenagers’ Exposure to Cyberbullying

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110566
Author(s):  
Shuhuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Individual School

The debate over teenagers’ exposure to cyberbullying has aroused broad public concern, but there are few nationwide empirical studies on teen cyberbullying in China. Based on social cognitive theory, this study analyzes the current state of cyberbullying among Chinese teenagers using a questionnaire survey ( N = 1,538) distributed to teenagers in eastern, central, and western regions of China. The results suggest that 18.1% ( N = 279) of respondents reported having bullied someone and 54.6% ( N = 839) reported having been bullied online, and that age, gender, individual school performance, and risky online behaviors may predict different cyberbullying behaviors. Enhancing teenagers’ awareness of the importance of protecting their personal information is critical, along with implementing social protective measures to contain cyberbullying.

Development and Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Hayden ◽  
C. Emily Durbin
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Consideration ◽  
State Of The Field

The developmental psychopathology perspective, which can be understood as both a conceptual approach and a scientific discipline, aims to integrate the historically distinct domains of child development and psychopathology toward the goal of advancing the understanding of children’s adaptation and maladaptation. This chapter provides an overview of the key concepts and methodologies that characterize the discipline, drawing heavily on seminal early work on the topic; these key concepts and methodologies are integrated with a consideration of current trends and concepts in the field. The current state of the field is summarized and outstanding issues that merit further conceptual consideration and research attention are highlighted.

Sentence Processing

2019 ◽  
pp. 675-709
Author(s):  
Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky ◽  
Matthias Schlesewsky
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Brain

Neurolinguistic approaches to sentence processing have recently begun to focus on neurobiological plausibility. Thus, rather than seeking primarily to establish mappings between linguistic and cognitive concepts and the brain, the question of how sentence processing is implemented by the brain’s unique biological hardware has become increasingly important. This chapter reviews the current state of the art with respect to the neurobiology of sentence processing, adopting both a neuroanatomical and a timing-based perspective. For both of these domains, the chapter provides an overview of current models and frameworks, as well as the empirical evidence supporting them. In each case, it highlights areas of consensus, as well as key points of difference between approaches where no consensus has yet been reached.

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