scholarly journals Psychological Models of Depression and Anxiety: Counselor’s Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Lakshmi Chouhan ◽  
Preeti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Negative psychological states like anxiety and depression have been the major focus of psychology over the last hundreds of years. People experience these negative psychological states as a part of their response to their threatening life events. These states sometimes help to cope with threatening situations. Humans are hard wired to response in these ways as they are adaptive subsequent to traumatic events. There are multiple psychological models which explain the occurrence of anxiety and depression in clinical depression. The understandings of the formulation of these models help in the management of these clinical conditions. Anxiety and depression often co-exist among patients. The understanding of co-morbidity of anxiety and depression is the key in proper diagnosis and management of these clinical states. The current paper will focus on the detail description of psychological models of anxiety and depression and the possible link between these two clinical conditions. The paper will also enumerate brief psychological strategies of how to deal with anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Management of Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Pratap Singh ◽  
Dr. Shikha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Clinically Significant

Understanding anxiety and depression have been the major focus of psychology over the last hundreds of years. People experience these negative psychological states as a part of their response to their threatening life events.  Anxiety is a normal adaptive response to threatening situations which sometimes help to cope with threatening challenging. Humans are hard wired to response in these ways as they are adaptive subsequent to traumatic events. Anxiety is one of the most common mental health concerns in our society. They are often experienced as a complex set of emotional and functional challenges. In the daily life of people, they are exposed to stressful situations; sometimes these stressors may lead to an illnesses and mental disorders like clinically significant anxiety and other negative psychological states. The current paper will briefly describe the nature, symptoms, models and behavioral and cognitive strategies to manage anxiety. The paper will help health professionals to know these basic interventions in anxiety management and thereby improve their well-being.

scholarly journals DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 334-349
Author(s):  
IMTIAZ AHMAD DOGAR ◽  
M. ARIF MAN ◽  
ASMA BAJWA ◽  
Aysha Bhatti ◽  
Shazia Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Dermatological Disease ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Depression and Anxiety in indoor Patients of Dermatology Department. Types of study: cross sectional study. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted at in door Department of Dermatology, D.H.Q Hospital Faisalabad from August 2006 to October 2006. Patients & Methods: A total of 77 diagnosed dermatological patients, (21males and 56 females) were selected by using non-probability convenient sampling. Hospital Anxiety andDepression Scale and DSM –IV-TR criteria for depression and anxiety were used to evaluate the patients. QOL-BREF was administered. Results were also correlated with patient’s demographics. Result: Out of 77 Patients who were enrolled in a study, 52 % of subjects reported psychiatric co-morbidity regarding anxiety and depression according to DSM-IV-TR, HADS, anxiety and depression score was 12.75 (±4.33)and 11.18 (±4.51) respectively. A strong co-relation of HADS anxiety and HADS depression was found with the DSM-IV- TR diagnosis respectively. The strong negative association was found with the education, monthly income and socio-economic status respectively. Conclusion: The study shows high Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients having dermatological disorder. The findings also highlight the importance of recognizing dermatological disease related psychiatric problems. Through training, dermatologists can identify psychiatry morbidity and play their role in early detection, management and referrals of complicated cases of these co- morbid conditions. In this way better quality of care can be assured.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Depression and Anxiety in Quarantined Population During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebratu abraha Kebede ◽  
Getinet Ayano ◽  
Dereje Bayissa ◽  
Abraham Getachew ◽  
Mahteme Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hospital Anxiety

Abstract Background: Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, different countries across the globe have been using quarantine to decrease the transmission of the disease and subsequently to minimize morbidity and associated mortality. Evidence suggests that quarantine might have a wide-ranging, substantial, and long-lasting negative psychological impact especially when the necessary preventive measures are not taken. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior studies that determined the prevalence and correlate of depression and anxiety in quarantined populations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-section study was conducted among individuals under quarantine from June 5 to July 5, 2020. After obtaining verbal consent, data was collected face to face using the structured and self-administered hospital anxiety and depression scale instrument. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety. Binary logistic regression analysis (multivariate analysis) was used to identify the potential determinants of depression and anxiety.Result: A total of 297 participants were included in the study which makes the response rate 90.8%. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and co-morbid anxiety and depression were 21.5%, 70.7%, and 15.8% respectively. In our multivariable analyses, stressful life events (AOR 2.61, 95%CI (1.46, 4.67)), spent time on sleeping (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.08, 3.62)), and believing that COVID-19 could be prevented by wearing a glove (AOR 0.30, 95% CI (0.11, 0.81)) showed a statistically significant association with anxiety, whereas being married (AOR 2.67, 95% CI (1.37, 5.22)), had stressful life event in the last six months (AOR 1.44, 95% CI (1.44, 5.25)) and spending of time by sleeping during the quarantine (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.42, 6.19)) predicted depression.Conclusion: The current study result indicated that a considerable proportion of individuals who were under quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic have experienced psychological disturbances, such as anxiety and depression. The presence of stressful life events, time spent on sleeping, and believing that COVID-19 could be prevented by wearing masks were found to be significant predictors of depression or anxiety among the participants. The results suggest that attention needs to be given to mitigate mental health problems in the quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Non-linear relationships in associations of depression and anxiety with alcohol use

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. RODGERS ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
A. F. JORM ◽  
P. A. JACOMB ◽  
H. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Non Linear

Background. Many studies have demonstrated co-morbidity of alcohol abuse/dependence with mood and anxiety disorders but relatively little is known about anxiety and depression across the full continua of alcohol consumption and problems associated with drinking.Methods. Participants from a general population sample (N = 2725) aged 18–80 years completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and four measures of negative affect (two depression and two anxiety symptom scales) included in a self-completion questionnaire.Results. High consumption, AUDIT total score, and AUDIT problems score were associated with high negative affect scores in participants under 60 years old (ORs in the range 1·80–2·83). Graphical and statistical analyses using continuous measures of alcohol use/problems and negative affect identified non-linear relationships where abstainers and occasional drinkers, as well as heavy and problem drinkers, were at risk of high anxiety and depression levels. This pattern, however, was not found in those aged [ges ] 60 years. The U-shaped relationship was not an artefact of abstainers being typical of the general population in their distribution of negative affect.Conclusions. Studies of co-morbidity should acknowledge the possibility of non-linear associations and employ both continuous and discrete measures. Abstainers, as well as heavy drinkers, are at increased risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. Psychosocial factors may play a role in the U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality.

scholarly journals ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH TINNITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S517-20
Author(s):  
Sikandar Ali Khan ◽  
Maqbool Raza ◽  
Shahid Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Muzafar Chandio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Severity Of Depression

Objective: To determine the presence and severity of depression and anxiety in patients with tinnitus. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital Multan in collaboration with ENT department, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Sep 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: All diagnosed cases of tinnitus in ENT out-patient department Tinnitus Handicap inventory (THI) was applied to assess the severity of tinnitus. Diagnosis of depression and Anxiety was done based on diagnostic criteria of ICD10 of WHO and symptom severity was assessed using Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) for depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for Anxiety. Results: A total of 88 participants were included in this study. Fifty-three (60.2%) were male, 35 (39.7%) were females. Twentythree (20.2%) ranged between 18-40 years of age, 65 (57.2%) participants ranged between 41-60 years of age. Seven (12.5%) participants scored less than 38 on tinnitus handicap inventory showing mild severity of tinnitus, 3 (5.3%) individuals scored moderate while 19 (33.9%) had severe level of tinnitus. Thirty-three (37%) participants had depression 55 (62%) out of total 88 participants had anxiety. Conclusion: Studies show presence of anxiety and depression in patients with tinnitus so it seems prudent to screen all patients of tinnitus for psychiatric co morbidity. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the treatment of patients with tinnitus so that physical as well as psychiatric/psychological management of these patients is provided well in time.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Physical Diseases and Associated Factors: A Large-Scale Field Survey in General Hospitals in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlin Yang ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Zhiyong Yuan ◽  
Huan Huang ◽  
Yilei Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
Clinical Departments

Introduction: To investigate the characteristic of anxiety and depression among patients in general hospitals, and explore the degree of the clinical symptoms and correlated social economic factors.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of anxiety and depression in patients with physical diseases, who were suspected of depression and anxiety based on their clinical performance by their physicians and PHQ ≧ 8, from various clinical departments of 57 general hospitals in China. Data regarding demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics were collected. Social and psychological factors and the severity of anxiety or depression were collected through self-rating scales. Finally, we used multivariate logistic regression to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression in patients with physical diseases.Results: A total of 2,105 (84.6%) valid and completed questionnaires were returned. The proportion of anxiety, depression, combined depression and anxiety, either anxiety or depression among the patients with physical diseases from all clinical departments was 63.3, 75.1, 57.1, and 81.2% respectively. Further regression analysis indicated that gender, monthly income, specific physical diseases, personality traits, social supports and life negative events were related factors of both anxiety and depression.Conclusions: Anxiety and depression were common in patients with physical diseases, with a high proportion of co-morbidity of anxiety and depression. Females, patients with cancer, poor social support and negative life events reported more severe anxiety and depression. The results may help to understand the present situation of anxiety and depression in general hospitals in china, and identify the patients with high risk of depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Depression-anxiety comorbidity amid COVID-19 Pandemic: An online survey conducted during lockdown in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Sigdel ◽  
Anu Bista ◽  
Navaraj Bhattarai ◽  
Bimal Chandra Pun ◽  
Govind Giri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health status during the lockdown period. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety comorbidity, and associated factors during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nepal.MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Nepal. Data was collected from April 9 to April 16, 2020 using an e-questionnaire which was shared through different popular social media. A total of 349 participants were included. Self-reported depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety tools respectively. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with depression, anxiety and depression and anxiety co-morbidity.ResultsThe prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety co-morbidity were found to be 34.0%, 31.0% and 23.2% respectively. The multi-variate analysis showed that females, those living alone, health professionals and those who spent more time in accessing information about COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety co-morbidity.ConclusionsHigh rates of depression and anxiety and co-morbidity were found to be prevailing among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nepal. The results suggest that only the scientific, but contextually appropriate messages about the disease should be disseminated to reduce unnecessary fears and anxiety. Awareness interventions to promote mental wellbeing need to be integrated into the response interventions. Community mental health care should be made accessible to at-risk groups.

Family Environment and Its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression: A Study on Heart Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Meena Jain ◽  
Saloni Chandalia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

This research paper deals with the Family Environment and its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression level among persons with Heart Disease. There had been a number of researches that investigated that ischemic heart disease patients who suffer significant anxiety have close to a 5-fold increased risk of experiencing frequent angina and those with depression have more than a 3-fold increased risk for these episodes. This observed link between psychiatric symptoms and angina underlines the importance of treating anxiety and depression in cardiac patients, according to study co author Dr Mark D Sullivan (University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle). To gather the needed data, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Becks Depression Inventory were used. As stated from literatures, for people with heart dysfunction, depression and anxiety can increase the risk of an adverse cardiac event such as a heart attack or blood clots. For people who do not have heart disease, depression and anxiety can also increase the risk of a heart attack and development of coronary artery disease. Researchers have also emphasized on the role of family psychosocial environment and its positive association with the Coronary Heart Disease risk.

The Relationship between Life Events and Personality Style to the Development of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders Among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noga Oschry-Bernstein ◽  
Netta Horesh-Reinman ◽  
Adar Avnon ◽  
Tomer Mevorach ◽  
Alan Apter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Early Trauma

Background:: The separateness of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder as two distinct disorders is often questioned. The aim of the current study is to examine whether there is a different profile of life events and personality characteristics for anxiety and depression disorders in adolescents. Methods:: One hundred forty-six adolescents participated in the study, 57 boys and 89 girls, ranging in age from 11-18 years (mean=15.08+1.97). The study group included 92 adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of depression or anxiety, and the comparison group included 54 teenagers with no known psychopathology. Results:: Multinomial logistic regression produced different predictive profiles for anxiety disorder and for depressive disorders. Life event variables, especially minor life events and early traumas, were found to be predictors for depression. Furthermore, interaction was found between early trauma and minor life events in the prediction of depression, such that the existence of trauma weakened the statistical correlation between minor life events and the onset of depression. In addition, contrary to the literature regarding adults, it was found that during adolescence personality variables have a unique contribution as predictive factors for vulnerability to the onset of anxiety and depression, thus reducing the significance of life events. Conclusion:: Our findings suggest that different profile of life events and personality characteristics can be identified for the two disorders. In addition, it appears that early traumas are a dominant factor that overshadows more recent life events at the onset of depression among adolescents.

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