Perceived Social Support of the Adolescents from  Rural and Urban Setting

Fatality rates from rural vehicular trauma are almost double those found in urban settings. Increased emergency medical services (EMS) prehospital time has been implicated as one of the causative factors for higher rural fatality rates. Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines suggest scene time should not be extended to insert an intravenous catheter (IV). The purpose of this study was to assess the association between intravenous line placement and motor vehicle crash (MVC) scene time in rural and urban settings. An imputational methodology using the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System permitted linkage of data from police motor vehicle crash and EMS records. Intergraph GeoMedia software permitted this linked data to be plotted on digital maps for segregation into rural and urban groups. MVCs were defined as rural or urban by location of the accident using the U.S. Bureau of Census Criteria. Linked data were analyzed to assess for EMS time on-scene, on-scene IV insertion, on-scene IV insertion attempts, and patient mortality. Over a 2-year period from January 2001 through December 2002, data were collected from Alabama EMS patient care reports (PCRs) and police crash reports. A total of 45,763 police crash reports were linked to EMS PCRs. Of these linked crash records, 34,341 (75%) and 11,422 (25%) were injured in rural and urban settings, respectively. Six hundred eleven (1.78%) mortalities occurred in rural settings and 103 (0.90%) in urban settings (P < 0.005). There were 6,273 (18.3%) on-scene IV insertions in the rural setting and 1,290 (11.3%) in the urban setting (P < 0.005). Mean EMS time on-scene when single IV insertion attempts occurred was 16.9 minutes in the rural setting and 14.5 minutes in the urban setting (P < 0.0001). When two attempts of on-scene IV insertion were made, mean EMS time on-scene in the rural setting (n = 891 [2.6%]) was 18.4 minutes and 15.7 minutes in the urban setting (n = 142 [1.2%; P < 0.005). Excluding dead on-scene patients, mean EMS time on-scene when mortalities occurred in rural and urban settings was 18.9 minutes and 10.8 minutes, respectively (P < 0.005). On-scene IV insertion occurred with significantly greater frequency in rural than urban settings. This incurs greater EMS time on-scene and prehospital time that may be associated with increased vehicular fatality rates in rural settings.

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Neighborhood Influences on Perceived Social Support Among Parents: Findings from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0034235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e34235 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shalini A. Tendulkar ◽

Karestan C. Koenen ◽

Erin C. Dunn ◽

Stephen Buka ◽

S. V. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Human Development ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Neighborhood Influences

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PrEP Care Continuum Engagement Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Rural and Urban Differences in Stigma and Social Infrastructure

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-021-03488-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suzan M. Walters ◽

David Frank ◽

Brent Van Ham ◽

Jessica Jaiswal ◽

Brandon Muncan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽

Urban Settings ◽

Service Programs ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Hiv Acquisition ◽

Willingness To Use

AbstractPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication that prevents HIV acquisition, yet PrEP uptake has been low among people who inject drugs. Stigma has been identified as a fundamental driver of population health and may be a significant barrier to PrEP care engagement among PWID. However, there has been limited research on how stigma operates in rural and urban settings in relation to PrEP. Using in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 57) we explore PrEP continuum engagement among people actively injecting drugs in rural and urban settings. Urban participants had more awareness and knowledge. Willingness to use PrEP was similar in both settings. However, no participant was currently using PrEP. Stigmas against drug use, HIV, and sexualities were identified as barriers to PrEP uptake, particularly in the rural setting. Syringe service programs in the urban setting were highlighted as a welcoming space where PWID could socialize and therefore mitigate stigma and foster information sharing.

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Lifestyle Patterns and its Association to Perceived Social Support and Self- Efficacy in Adolescent’s Lifestyle

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0401.088 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diya Augustine ◽

Aneesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Life Style ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Well Being ◽

Early Years ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Healthy Life Style ◽

The Difference ◽

Lifestyle Patterns

Adolescents form two-thirds of our population. The lifestyle patterns established during early years have an important implication on health and well-being. Hence adolescent’s life style patterns are crucial to understand and study. The objective of the present research article is to understand the association of lifestyle pattern to perceived social support and self – efficacy among adolescents. The sample for the study included 170 adolescent boys and girls from the age group of 16-19 comprising of rural and urban population collected using purposive sampling method. Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSS) and the General Self- Efficacy Scale (GSE) were used as research tools. The results of the study helps to understand the life style patterns among adolescents and also the difference in life style patterns across gender and place of living. Also there is relationship between social support and self-efficacy with life style pattern. The study highlights the influence of social and psychological factors in development of lifestyle patterns. The findings also imply that strengthening of healthy life style patterns is possible by effective intervention in psycho-social domain, also health compromising behaviours and life style patterns can also be worked upon in similar ways.

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Language Matters: The Double-Edged Role of Linguistic Style Matching in Work Groups

Small Group Research ◽

10.1177/1046496419874498 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 208-228

Author(s):

Katharina Heuer ◽

Lena C. Müller-Frommeyer ◽

Simone Kauffeld

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Team Performance ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Work Groups ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Linguistic Style ◽

Team Research ◽

And Performance ◽

The Individual

Linguistic style matching (LSM) refers to a similar linguistic style among conversation partners. We examine the effects of LSM on perceived team performance and perceived social support in real work groups. We propose that team tenure moderates the relationship between LSM and perceived performance such that LSM and performance are positively related for teams with low tenure and negatively related for teams with high levels of tenure. We also propose that LSM and perceived social support are positively related. To test the hypotheses, we videotaped and transcribed meetings of 160 researchers, nested in 26 teams, to assess the individual levels of LSM. We measured team performance and social support with questionnaire scales. In partial support of the hypotheses, multilevel models show a negative relationship between LSM and team performance and a positive relationship between LSM and social support. We discuss potential implications for team research and practitioners.

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La fiction urbaine contemporaine swahilie : quelques pistes

Études littéraires africaines ◽

10.7202/1018745ar ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 57-68

Author(s):

Sheila Ali Ryanga ◽

Rachel Wangari Maina

Keyword(s):

Bertolt Brecht ◽

Urban Life ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Literary Texts ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Constant Feature ◽

Rural Urban Migration

Kenyan literary writers in Swahili soon after independence dwelt mostly with rural setting. Most of the works dwelt on African social values and philosophy within work ethics and relationships. However, with the growth of industries in urban centers, the issue of rural urban migration arose. Many educated Kenyans moved to urban centers in search of jobs. To mirror this change in society, literary writers enriched their works by using both the rural and urban settings. This became a constant feature in the works of literary writers in Swahili. Some of these features include street life, life in the slums and pollution. This paper attempts to study how the urban setting is depicted in modern Kenyan Swahili literary texts. Realism theory as propagated by both Georg Lukács and Bertolt Brecht will be invoked during the analysis of the texts, specifically, how the urban genre developed, images used to depict urban life and centers, and establish the influence of this genre on Swahili literary writing as a whole.

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Profiles of inflammatory markers and their association with cardiometabolic parameters in rural and urban Uganda

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16651.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Richard E. Sanya ◽

Angela Nalwoga ◽

Richard K. Grencis ◽

Alison M. Elliott ◽

Emily L. Webb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Principal Component ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Urban Residence ◽

Rural And Urban

Background: Inflammation may be one of the pathways explaining differences in cardiometabolic risk between urban and rural residents. We investigated associations of inflammatory markers with rural versus urban residence, and with selected cardiometabolic parameters previously observed to differ between rural and urban residents: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI). Methods: From two community surveys conducted in Uganda, 313 healthy individuals aged ≥ 10 years were selected by age- and sex-stratified random sampling (rural Lake Victoria island communities, 212; urban Entebbe municipality, 101). Fluorescence intensities of plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. We used linear regression to examine associations between the analytes and rural-urban residence and principal component analysis (PCA) to further investigate patterns in the relationships. Correlations between analytes and metabolic parameters were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The urban setting had higher mean levels of IL-5 (3.27 vs 3.14, adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval] 0.12[0.01,0.23] p=0.04), IFN-⍺ (26.80 vs 20.52, 6.30[2.18,10.41] p=0.003), EGF (5.67 vs 5.07, 0.60[0.32,0.98] p<0.00001), VEGF (3.68 vs 3.28, 0.40[0.25,0.56] p<0.00001), CD40 Ligand (4.82 vs 4.51, 0.31[0.12, 0.50] p=0.001) and Serpin-E1 (9.57 vs 9.46, 0.11[0.05,0.17] p<0.00001), but lower levels of GMCSF (2.94 vs 3.05, -0.10[-0.19,-0.02] p=0.02), CCL2 (2.82 vs 3.10, -0.45[-0.70,-0.21] p<0.00001) and CXCL10 (5.48 vs 5.96, -0.49[-0.71,-0.27] p<0.00001), compared to the rural setting. In PCA, the urban setting had lower representation of some classical inflammatory mediators but higher representation of various chemoattractants and vasoactive peptides. HOMA-IR, FBG, BP and BMI were positively correlated with several principal components characterised by pro-inflammatory analytes. Conclusions: In developing countries, immunological profiles differ between rural and urban environments. Differential expression of certain pro-inflammatory mediators may have important health consequences including contributing to increased cardiometabolic risk observed in the urban environment.

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Loneliness and depression among adults living on MS Gulf Coast: Individual, interpersonal and community predictors

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764020978677 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002076402097867

Author(s):

Hwanseok Choi ◽

Michelle Brazeal ◽

Likhitha Duggirala ◽

Joohee Lee

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Marital Status ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Gulf Coast ◽

Community Resilience ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

The Individual

Loneliness and depression are mental health problems prevailing in United States as well as the world. The primary goal of this study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with loneliness and depression at the individual, interpersonal and community levels among adults living on Mississippi Gulf Coast. Survey data on 310 adults from three coastal counties was analysed. Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine correlates and predictors of loneliness and depression. Bivariate analyses showed that loneliness was correlated with marital status, insurance, income, perceived social support and community resilience. Depression was found to be correlated with marital status, insurance, education, income, perceived social support and community resilience. As expected, a significant correlation was found between loneliness and depression. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that race, marital status, income, perceived social support and community resilience predicted loneliness, while income and perceived social support served as predictors of depression. Results make it clear that in addition to addressing individual and interpersonal factors, community is important in reducing the incidence of loneliness.

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Na Suklit: Benicio Sokkong and the Bamboo Musical Instruments of the Kalinga

10.26686/wgtn.16999252.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Aaron Prior

Keyword(s):

The Philippines ◽

Musical Instruments ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Cultural Significance ◽

Self Identity ◽

Eclectic Approach ◽

Teacher Researcher ◽

Musical Traditions ◽

The Individual

<p>This ethnomusicology study explores the contexts of the bamboo musical instruments of the Kalinga people of the Philippines in two distinct contemporary locations: the urban setting of Lucnab, Baguio City, and the rural setting of Sukiap, Kalinga. Through the study of the instruments, the music, and the individuals who participate in the music, I will examine the fluid and reflexive contextualisation of the music of the bamboo instruments, and how traditional musics undergo redefinition, reformation and a re-investing with new cultural significance. At the centre of this thesis lies an individual, Benicio Sokkong, a teacher, researcher, instrument maker and performer, who is key to the revival of the bamboo musical instruments not only in Kalinga but also internationally. The two communities focused on in this thesis have direct connections to Beni: the community of Lucnab, Baguio City, is his current home, and Sukiap village in Kalinga which is the birth place of his parents and his ancestral home. This study investigates the contexts of the bamboo instruments in these locations, and the effect of an individual reviving, recreating, and maintaining musical traditions. I have employed a contemporary and eclectic approach in presenting the research in this dissertation, drawing on concepts of ethnic and self- identity (Rice 2007, Stokes 1994, Giddens 1991), revival (Livingston 1999), and the individual (Rice 1994, Stock 1996, Vander 1988). I argue that although the contexts of music shift from ritual and ceremony to secular gatherings, and also move geographically throughout local and national locations, the music remains an expression of community and communal identity. I also posit that the shape and form of the contexts are created by individuals who participate in the process of revival and maintenance.</p>

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Na Suklit: Benicio Sokkong and the Bamboo Musical Instruments of the Kalinga

10.26686/wgtn.16999252 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Aaron Prior

Keyword(s):

The Philippines ◽

Musical Instruments ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Cultural Significance ◽

Self Identity ◽

Eclectic Approach ◽

Teacher Researcher ◽

Musical Traditions ◽

The Individual

<p>This ethnomusicology study explores the contexts of the bamboo musical instruments of the Kalinga people of the Philippines in two distinct contemporary locations: the urban setting of Lucnab, Baguio City, and the rural setting of Sukiap, Kalinga. Through the study of the instruments, the music, and the individuals who participate in the music, I will examine the fluid and reflexive contextualisation of the music of the bamboo instruments, and how traditional musics undergo redefinition, reformation and a re-investing with new cultural significance. At the centre of this thesis lies an individual, Benicio Sokkong, a teacher, researcher, instrument maker and performer, who is key to the revival of the bamboo musical instruments not only in Kalinga but also internationally. The two communities focused on in this thesis have direct connections to Beni: the community of Lucnab, Baguio City, is his current home, and Sukiap village in Kalinga which is the birth place of his parents and his ancestral home. This study investigates the contexts of the bamboo instruments in these locations, and the effect of an individual reviving, recreating, and maintaining musical traditions. I have employed a contemporary and eclectic approach in presenting the research in this dissertation, drawing on concepts of ethnic and self- identity (Rice 2007, Stokes 1994, Giddens 1991), revival (Livingston 1999), and the individual (Rice 1994, Stock 1996, Vander 1988). I argue that although the contexts of music shift from ritual and ceremony to secular gatherings, and also move geographically throughout local and national locations, the music remains an expression of community and communal identity. I also posit that the shape and form of the contexts are created by individuals who participate in the process of revival and maintenance.</p>

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