scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN OBAT-OBATAN TRADISIONAL DALAM REZIM HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HKI) INDONESIA (Studi Pada Masyarakat Tradisional Sasak)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Dwi Martini ◽  
Hayyanul Haq ◽  
Budi Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
The Ideal

In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK.Keywords: legal protection, traditional medicine knowledge, legal void

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN OBAT-OBATAN TRADISIONAL DALAM REZIM HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HKI) INDONESIA (Studi Pada Masyarakat Tradisional Sasak) / LEGAL PROTECTION TOWARD TRADITIONAL MEDICINE KNOWLEDGE IN INDONESIA’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT REGIME (A Study in The Sasak Traditional Community)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Dwi Martini ◽  
Hayyanul Haq ◽  
Budi Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
The Ideal

Dalam konteks kekinian Pengetahuan Obat Tradisional (POT) masyarakat adat Sasak merupakan aset ekonomi bernilai tinggi mengingat kegunaannya sebagai pengetahuan dasar (milestone) dalam penemuan obat modern. Sebagai suatu wujud kemampuan intelektual manusia, POT diatur di bawah rezim HKI-TRIPs, padahal POT memiliki perbedaan karakter yang mencolok dengan HKI. Hal ini memunculkan persoalan dalam hal bentuk POT masyarakat adat Sasak, pengaturan perlindungannya dalam rezim HKI dan pranata hukum ideal untuk mewujudkan perlindungan hukum tersebut. POT Sasak mayoritas ditransmisikan secara lisan, sebagian kecil ada yang tercatat dalam babon (kitab) tetamba/oat dan lontar usada. Dalam rezim HKI hanya terdapat pengaturan tidak langsung terhadap POT seperti termuat dalam Undang-Undang Paten dan Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman. Idealnya, terdapat suatu peraturan daerah yang mengatur secara khusus skema perlindungan POT Sasak demi mencegah tindakan misappropriation. Dengan demikian, masih terdapat kekosongan hukum karena belum ada peraturan perundang-undangan sui generis mengenai perlindungan POT.In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK. 

scholarly journals PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION IN AFRICA: TOWARDS COMPLIANCE WITH THE TRIPS AGREEMENT

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Cullet
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Member States ◽  
Plant Variety Protection ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Variety Protection

Plant variety protection has come to the fore in the wake of the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). TRIPS generally imposes the patentability of inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology and specifically mandates the introduction of a form of legal protection on plant varieties. Article 27.3(b) thus states that member states “shall provide for the protection of plant varieties either by patents or by an effective sui generis system or by any combination thereof.”

scholarly journals Legal protection of plant biotechnological inventions

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
P. T. Vanhala ◽  
T. Pehu ◽  
H. G. Gyllenberg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Biotechnological Inventions

Within biotechnology, plant production is regarded as one of the most promising adaptations. New plant breeding methods are considered to better fulfil the requirements set on patentability than the traditional breeding methods. In Europe, a plant variety can be protected by special legislation. The present patent laws in Europe are not applied to plant biotechnological inventions. The United States has three systems under which new varieties of plants may be protected. These include The 1930 Plant Patent Act, The 1970 Plant Variety Protection Act and The 1952 Patent Statute. Companies that have specialized in plant breeding and organizations representing the industrial countries recommend improvements to the legal protection. On the other hand, farmers and the developing countries are against better protection.

scholarly journals POLITIK HUKUM KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL (KAJIAN SINKRONISASI POLITIK HUKUM UNDANG-UNDANG HAK PVT DAN UNDANG-UNDANG PANGAN)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moch Najib Imanullah
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Plant Variety Protection ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Crop Variety ◽  
National Food Security

<p align="center"><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>b</em></strong><strong><em>s</em></strong><strong><em>t</em></strong><strong><em>r</em></strong><strong><em>a</em></strong><strong><em>c</em></strong><strong><em>t</em></strong></p><p><em>T</em><em>he aim of this research is to determine the level of legal synchronization horizontally on legal policy of national food security within Act on Plant Variety Protection and Act on Food. In order to achieve this aim, it was conducted normative legal research which using secondary data which is based on primary and secondary legal materials. Data were analyzed by using a legal grammatical interpretation. Its results are there is a synchronization between Act on Plant Variety Protection and Act on Food and by the legal protection of plant varieties will increase enthusiasm plant breeders to produce new quality seeds crop, including the food crops seeds. It will lead to increasing national food security conditions, which will provide guarantee on quality and sufficient of food for families who receive it.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>l</em><em>egal policy, crop variety, food, national food security.</em></p><p align="center"><strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ra</strong><strong>k</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mengetahui taraf sinkronisasi hukum secara horizontal politik hukum ketahanan pangan nasional dalam Undang-undang Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman dan Undang-undang Pangan. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini maka dilakukan penelitian hukum normatif menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber pada bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan penafsiran hukum gramatikal. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa Undang-undang Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman sinkron  dengan Undang-undang Pangan, yaitu adanya perlindungan hukum terhadap Hak Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman akan meningkatkan gairah para pemulia tanaman untuk menghasilkan benih-benih tanaman baru yang berkualitas, termasuk benih-benih tanaman bahan pangan. Tersedianya benih-benih tanaman bahan pangan yang cukup, akan meningkatkan produksi bahan pangan, sehingga akan tercapai kondisi meningkatnya ketahanan pangan nasional, yang menjamin  sampai pada tingkat keluarga menerima bahan pangan yang cukup dan bermutu.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci : </strong>politik hukum, varietas tanaman, pangan, ketahanan pangan nasional.</p>

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMULIA TANAMAN

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
TITIN TITAWATI ◽  
ALINE FEBRYANI LOILEWEN ◽  
GEDE TUSAN ARDIKA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Year 2000

This study aims to study and to analyze the legal protection for plant breeders and law enforcement for Plant Variety Protection (PVP). This research is a normative legal research, which is based on written legislation and various literatures related to this issue. The form of legal protection for plant breeders is Law Number. 29 of year 2000 concerning Protection of Plant Varieties, has provided legal protection for plant breeders, through Law No. 12 of year 1992 concerning the Plant Cultivation System (UUSBT) and Law No. 29 of year 2000 (UUPVT), UUPVT provides protection for breeders 'economic rights, while UUSBT provides protection for breeders' moral rights. Law enforcement against violations of PVP has been done well, this is evidenced by several cases submitted to the Court, but there are still some cases that are wrong in the application of the law. It is expected that the implementation of the PVP Invitation Act is more optimal

Level of use and public awareness in consumption of traditional medicines in work area of Health Center Gombong I

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah ◽  
Tri Cahyani Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Minor Ailments

Indonesia has 20,000 types of plants where 300 species have been used as traditional medicines. The use of traditional medicine as an alternative treatment in Indonesia that has been used by both rural and urban communities. The use of traditional medicine is considered safer than modern medicine. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of use of traditional medicine and public awareness in the use of traditional medicine in work area of  Health Center Gombong 1 which consists of 5 villages. This research is a non-experimental and descriptive research that uses a questionnaire. Respondents who participated in this study were 140 people. The characteristics of respondents who participated in this study were the majority of men (50,71%), last educated of elementary school (41,43%), as housewives (27,86%). The majority of people in work area of Health Center Gombong choose treatment with modern medicine (64,29%). In addition there are 35,71% using traditional medicine and the majority use rhizome species (46%) for the treatment of minor ailments. In this study also showed that the majority of people do not know the safety of traditional medicines (50%) due to lack of information so that information is needed on the benefits and safety and the use of good and appropriate traditional medicines.

scholarly journals Plant Variety Protection: Current Practices and Insights

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Ju-Kyung Yu ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Stability Testing ◽  
International Union ◽  
Plant Variety Protection ◽  
Common System ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Variety Protection

Breeders persistently supply farmers with the best varieties in order to exceed consumer demand through plant-breeding processes that are resource-intensive. In order to motivate continuous innovation in variety development, a system needs to provide incentives for plant breeders to develop superior varieties, for example, exclusive ownership to produce and market those varieties. The most common system is the acquisition of intellectual property protection through plant variety protection, also known as the breeder’s right. Most countries have adopted the system established by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To be granted plant variety protection, the variety should prove to be unique by meeting three requirements: distinctness, uniformity, and stability. This review summarizes (1) the plant variety protection via UPOV convention, (2) technical methods for distinctness, uniformity, and stability testing via phenotype, molecular markers, and sequencing as well as their challenges and potentiality, and (3) additional discussions in essentially derived variety, value for cultivation and use testing, and open source seed initiative.

European Union Plant Variety Protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Würtenberger ◽  
Martin Ekvad ◽  
Paul van der Kooij ◽  
Bart Kiewiet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Patent Infringement ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Member States ◽  
Plant Variety Protection ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
The Eu

This book explains how the Community plant variety rights system works and provides guidance regarding the field of law relating to the Basic Regulation and other implementing regulations. It gives an idea of how the grant system works, the advantages of Community plant variety rights, and the aspects to be considered in exploiting and defending. It also explains the mechanisms in the Basic Regulation on how infringements of Community plant variety rights should be dealt with, including certain enforcement systems of the EU Member States. This book analyses major aspects that are considered of practical relevance in infringement proceedings under the applicable national law. It elaborates how the case law is limited in comparison with patent infringement proceedings throughout the EU Member States.

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