scholarly journals Comparison of Gluteus Medius Muscle Electromyographic Activity During Forward and Lateral Step-up Exercises in Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Stemmons Mercer ◽  
Michael T. Gross ◽  
Subhashini Sharma ◽  
Erin Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
Left Lower Extremity ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
The Right

Background Step-up exercises often are suggested for strengthening the hip abductor muscles and improving balance in older adults. Little is known, however, about whether the forward or lateral version of these exercises is best for activating the hip abductor muscles. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the gluteus medius (GM) muscles bilaterally during forward and lateral step-up exercises. Design The study design involved single-occasion repeated measures. Methods Twenty-seven community-dwelling adults (7 men and 20 women) with a mean (SD) age of 79.4 (8.0) years performed forward and lateral step-up exercises while the surface EMG activity of the GM muscles was recorded bilaterally. Pressure switches and dual forceplates were used to identify the ascent and descent phases. Subjects were instructed to lead with the right lower extremity during ascent and the left lower extremity during descent. Differences in normalized root-mean-square EMG amplitudes with exercise direction (forward versus lateral) and phase (ascent versus descent) were examined by use of separate repeated-measures analyses of variance for the right and left lower extremities. The alpha level was set at .05. Results Gluteus medius muscle EMG activity was significantly greater for lateral than for forward step-up exercises for the left lower extremity during the ascent phase and for both lower extremities during the descent phase. In addition, right GM muscle EMG activity was significantly greater during ascent than during descent for both exercise directions. Limitations Study limitations include use of a convenience sample and collection of limited information about participants. Conclusions Step-up exercises are effective in activating the GM muscle, with lateral step-up exercises requiring greater GM muscle activation than forward step-up exercises. Further study is needed to determine whether exercise programs for hip abductor muscle strengthening in older adults should preferentially include lateral over forward step-up exercises.

Muscle Activation Levels of the Gluteus Maximus and Medius During Standing Hip-Joint-Strengthening Exercises Using Elastic-Tubing Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Youdas ◽  
Kady E. Adams ◽  
John E. Bertucci ◽  
Koel J. Brooks ◽  
Meghan M. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Muscle Recruitment ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
The Cross

Context:No published studies have compared muscle activation levels simultaneously for the gluteus maximus and medius muscles of stance and moving limbs during standing hip-joint strengthening while using elastic-tubing resistance.Objective:To quantify activation levels bilaterally of the gluteus maximus and medius during resisted lower-extremity standing exercises using elastic tubing for the cross-over, reverse cross-over, front-pull, and back-pull exercise conditions.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:26 active and healthy people, 13 men (25 ± 3 y) and 13 women (24 ± 1 y).Intervention:Subjects completed 3 consecutive repetitions of lower-extremity exercises in random order.Main Outcome Measures:Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were normalized to peak activity in the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trial and expressed as a percentage. Magnitudes of EMG recruitment were analyzed with a 2 × 4 repeated-measures ANOVA for each muscle (α = .05).Results:For the gluteus maximus an interaction between exercise and limb factor was significant (F3,75 = 21.5; P < .001). The moving-limb gluteus maximus was activated more than the stance limb's during the back-pull exercise (P < .001), and moving-limb gluteus maximus muscle recruitment was greater for the back-pull exercise than for the cross-over, reverse cross-over, and front-pull exercises (P < .001). For the gluteus medius an interaction between exercise and limb factor was significant (F3,75 = 3.7; P < .03). Gluteus medius muscle recruitment (% MVIC) was greater in the stance limb than moving limb when performing the front-pull exercise (P < .001). Moving-limb gluteus medius muscle recruitment was greater for the reverse cross-over exercise than for the cross-over, front-pull, and back-pull exercises (P < .001).Conclusions:From a clinical standpoint there is no therapeutic benefit to selectively activate the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles on the stance limb by resisting sagittal- and frontal-plane hip movements on the moving limb using resistance supplied by elastic tubing.

scholarly journals Discrepancies in Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease between Lower Extremities at Rest and Postexercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Cohoon ◽  
Guillaume Mahe ◽  
David Liedl ◽  
Thom Rooke ◽  
Paul Wennberg
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Left Lower Extremity ◽  
Pressure Decrease ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
The Right

Background Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common medical condition causing substantial morbidity. Limited data exist on whether discrepancies in PAD prevalence exist between the lower extremities using resting ankle-brachial indices (ABIs) and postexercise pressures. Objective We predicted the prevalence of PAD between the lower extremities. Methods and Results Consecutive patients who had undergone a noninvasive arterial lower extremity study at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, between January 1996 and December 2012 with suspected PAD were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 12,312 consecutive patients who underwent an arterial lower extremity and an exercise treadmill study. Prevalence of PAD was assessed at rest and after exercise using two criteria: a resting ABI ≤ 0.90 and a postexercise pressure decrease of > 30 mm Hg. Mean age was 67 ± 12 years and there were 4,780 (39%) women studied. At rest, we found a higher prevalence of PAD on the left extremity (27.4%) compared with the right (24.6%) (p < 0.0001). After exercise, we found a higher prevalence of PAD on the right extremity (25.1%) compared with the left (19.0%) (p < 0.0001). These discrepancies between the prevalence of PAD at rest and after exercise were present in women and men. Conclusion Using validated criteria of a resting ABI of ≤ 0.90 and postexercise ankle pressure decrease > 30 mm Hg, our results suggest that there is a significantly higher prevalence of PAD in the left lower extremity at rest, in contrast to a greater prevalence of abnormal postexercise testing in the right lower extremity. The reason(s) of these discrepancies remain to be studied.

The Spatial Dependency of Shoulder Muscle Demands for Seated Lateral Hand Force Exertions

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison C. McDonald ◽  
Elora C. Brenneman ◽  
Alan C. Cudlip ◽  
Clark R. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Individual Muscle ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
The Right

As the modern workplace is dominated by submaximal repetitive tasks, knowledge of the effect of task location is important to ensure workers are unexposed to potentially injurious demands imposed by repetitive work in awkward or sustained postures. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a three-dimensional spatial map of the muscle activity for the right upper extremity during laterally directed submaximal force exertions. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from fourteen muscles surrounding the shoulder complex as the participants exerted 40N of force in two directions (leftward, rightward) at 70 defined locations. Hand position in both push directions strongly influenced total and certain individual muscle demands as identified by repeated measures analysis of variance (P< .001). During rightward exertions individual muscle activation varied from 1 to 21% MVE and during leftward exertions it varied from 1 to 27% MVE with hand location. Continuous prediction equations for muscular demands based on three-dimensional spatial parameters were created with explained variance ranging from 25 to 73%. The study provides novel information for evaluating existing and proactive workplace designs, and may help identify preferred geometric placements of lateral exertions in occupational settings to lower muscular demands, potentially mitigating fatigue and associated musculoskeletal risks.

scholarly journals Hip proprioceptive feedback influences the control of mediolateral stability during human walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 2220-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin C. Roden-Reynolds ◽  
Megan H. Walker ◽  
Camille R. Wasserman ◽  
Jesse C. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Bipedal Walking ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mediolateral Stability

Active control of the mediolateral location of the feet is an important component of a stable bipedal walking pattern, although the roles of sensory feedback in this process are unclear. In the present experiments, we tested whether hip abductor proprioception influenced the control of mediolateral gait motion. Participants performed a series of quiet standing and treadmill walking trials. In some trials, 80-Hz vibration was applied intermittently over the right gluteus medius (GM) to evoke artificial proprioceptive feedback. During walking, the GM was vibrated during either right leg stance (to elicit a perception that the pelvis was closer mediolaterally to the stance foot) or swing (to elicit a perception that the swing leg was more adducted). Vibration during quiet standing evoked leftward sway in most participants (13 of 16), as expected from its predicted perceptual effects. Across the 13 participants sensitive to vibration, stance phase vibration caused the contralateral leg to be placed significantly closer to the midline (by ∼2 mm) at the end of the ongoing step. In contrast, swing phase vibration caused the vibrated leg to be placed significantly farther mediolaterally from the midline (by ∼2 mm), whereas the pelvis was held closer to the stance foot (by ∼1 mm). The estimated mediolateral margin of stability was thus decreased by stance phase vibration but increased by swing phase vibration. Although the observed effects of vibration were small, they were consistent with humans monitoring hip proprioceptive feedback while walking to maintain stable mediolateral gait motion.

scholarly journals Unusual MRI Findings in a Polio Survivor

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Masaaki Sakamoto ◽  
Hitoshi Watanabe ◽  
Hitoshi Kubosawa ◽  
Takeshi Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumor ◽  
Hip Instability ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Polio Survivors

A 63-year-old male consulted our institution due to worsening of right hip pain for approximately one month. The patient had no apparent functional disorders besides rigidity of the right ankle secondary to childhood poliomyelitis. Plain radiographs demonstrated narrowing of the right hip joint space. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed unusual findings in the right gluteus medius muscle, suspecting a malignant musculoskeletal tumor. Further examinations clarified acute inflammation caused byStaphylococcus aureuswith no atypia. After treatment, serum inflammatory markers normalized and MRI showed homogeneous fat signal intensity in the muscle, which was consistent with poliomyelitis. Total hip arthroplasty was performed due to progression of osteoarthritis. Intraoperative findings showed flaccidity of the gluteus medius muscle, and histological examination of the specimen also was compatible with poliomyelitis. Postoperatively there was no hip instability and the patient has been able to resume his previous physical activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding polio survivors combined with septic arthritis, and sole MRI examination was unable to lead to the diagnosis. The current patient demonstrates the possibility that the involved muscles in poliomyelitis exist even in asymptomatic regions, which will be helpful for accurate diagnosis and life guidance in polio survivors.

Exercise using a foam bead bag improves balance and lower extremity strength in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Akkradate Siriphorn ◽  
Siriporn Vongsaiyat Siriphorn ◽  
Kittaphon Sawatthuk ◽  
Kanjana Temvorasub ◽  
Malinee Auttawut
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength

Background/AimsBalance training using unstable support surfaces is widely used in clinics and research and can reduce the risk of falls in older people. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an exercise programme using a foam bead bag on older adults' ability to balance and the strength of their lower extremities and compare the effect with no exercise and foam pad exercise using the same programme.MethodsA total of 24 older adults were allocated into one of three groups: control (n=8), foam pad exercise (n=8) and foam bead bag exercise (n=8). The foam pad exercise and foam bead bag exercise groups carried out a programme consisting of 30 minutes of exercise performed twice a week for 5 weeks. The control group did not participate in an exercise programme. Participants' balance abilities were measured using the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go Test and the Single-Leg Stance Test. The strength of their lower extremities was measured using the 30-second sit-to-stand test.ResultsThe Fullerton Advanced Balance scale and 30-second sit-to-stand scores significantly improved in the foam pad exercise and foam bead bag exercise groups. Both of these groups also demonstrated significant improvements in Timed Up and Go tests. The amount of time that participants were able to stand on one leg while unassisted significantly increased in the foam bead bag group only. No significant differences were found in balance ability or lower extremity strength in the control group.ConclusionsA foam bead bag is a suitable alternative to a foam pad when performing exercises to improve balance and strength of the lower extremities in older adults.

scholarly journals 124 Epochs of Anosmia and Ageusia in Multiple Sclerosis: Chemosensory Uhthoff’s Phenomenon

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Davinder Dhillon ◽  
Jasir T Nayati ◽  
Priya Batta ◽  
Alan R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Left Lower Extremity

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo reveal that while long duration of anosmia and ageusia has been seen with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) [Doty 1997], repetitive shorter epochs ofanosmia and ageusia has not heretofore been presented.MethodsCase Study: A 39 year old right-handed male, with a history of MS, presents with six years MS concurrent with epochs of anosmia and ageusia. The anosmia andageusia present concurrently, preventing him from smelling and tasting his meal. At baseline, he is able to smell and taste coffee, peppermint, gum, sweet and salty foods, rating his smell and taste at 70% normal. However, during the epochal events, he reports the inability to smell and taste white rice, shrimp, meat, butter, carrots, onions, spinach, and sour foods. He states that these episodes occur approximately ten times a week, last for two hours, and rates his smell and taste from 0-10% during these events.ResultsAbnormalities Neurological Examination: Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination: CN II: bilateral pale discs. CN III, IV, VI: bilateral ptosis. CN IX, X: decreased gag reflex bilaterally. Motor Examination: Drift Test: positive left pronator drift, with right adductor digiti minimi sign and right cerebellar spooning. Sensory Examination: Ipswich Touch Test: decreased in left lower extremity. Temperature: decreased in left lower extremity. Rydel-Seiffer Vibratory Test: bilateral upper extremities 5 and bilateral lower extremities 3. Tandem Gait: unstable. Cerebellar Examination: Holmes Rebound Phenomena: positive with left greater than right. Reflexes: 1+ bilateral upper extremities, absent bilateral lower extremities. Neuropsychiatric Examination: Animal Fluency Test: 15 (abnormal). Clock Drawing Test: 3 (abnormal). Center for Neurologic Study Lability Scale: 16 (pseudobulbar affect).ConclusionPrimary olfactory dysfunction with secondary inhibition of retronasal smell and perceived taste [Gruss 2015] can be an etiology. Such an olfactory dysfunction may reflect variation in nasal mucosal engorgement due to normal variability of the olfactory cycle [Eccles 1978]. This phenomenon is an unlikely due to the short duration ofepochs.The cause of anosmia and ageusia in this patient suggests a central lesion involved in the processing of both smell and taste. Transient rapid symptoms associated with temperature change, as in Uhthoff’s phenomenon seen in MS, can manifest with deficiency in special senses including visual field loss [Davis 2010]. Such also may be the origin for the chemosensory loss seen here. While this phenomenon may be induced by hot baths, more subtle temperature changes may also induce such symptoms [Romani 2000]. Given that olfactory threshold changes have been demonstrated in acute inflammatory changes in MS, such a temperature related etiology is more likely to manifest [Lutterotti 2011]. MS patients should be screened for chemosensory dysfunction, and those with chemosensory dysfunction should be assessed for demyelinating disease.Funding AcknowledgementsSmell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation

Measuring Lower Extremity Strength in Older Adults: The Stability of Isokinetic versus 1RM Measures

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Salem ◽  
Man-Ying Wang ◽  
Susan Sigward
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Strength Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion

In order to obtain joint-specific baseline strength characteristics in older adults, clinicians and researchers must have knowledge regarding the relative stability of the various strength tests (the strength difference between repeated measures) and the number of prebaseline practice sessions required to obtain consistent data. To address these needs, the relative multiple-test stability and reliability associated with lower extremity isokinetic and 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) strength measures were assessed in a sample of older adults (N= 30, 65.2 ± 6.3 years), over 4 weeks (T1-T4). Isokinetic ankle plantar-flexion (30°/s) strength and 1RM ankle plantar-flexion, leg-press, and knee-flexion strength exhibited poor stability between Weeks T1 and T2 but stabilized between Weeks T2 and T3 and Weeks T3 and T4. The measures exhibited low incidence of injury and induced low levels of residual muscle soreness. Findings suggest that the 1RM measures require at least 1 prebaseline training session in order to establish consistent baseline performance and are more reliable than isokinetic ankle plantar-flexion tests.

Reliability of Lower Extremity Girth Measurements and Right- and Left-Side Differences

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Whitney ◽  
Larry Mattocks ◽  
James J. Irrgang ◽  
Pamela A. Gentile ◽  
David Pezzullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this two-part study was to determine if lower extremity girth measurements are repeatable. Sixteen males and 14 females participated in the intra- and intertester reliability portion of this study. Girth was assessed at five different lower extremity sites by two physical therapists using a standard tape measure. Thirty measures (15 by each examiner) were collected on the subject's right leg, and a mean of the three measures was used in the analysis. The measurements were repeated 7 days later. It was found that by using a simple standardized procedure, girth measurements in the clinic can be highly repeatable in experienced clinicians. Part 2 of the study involved testing the right and left legs of 22 subjects to determine if girth of the right and left legs was similar. All subjects had their girth assessed at five sites on their right and left legs during one session. It was found that girth measures on the right and left lower extremities are comparable. In an acutely injured lower extremity, it might be assumed that the girth of both lower extremities is similar.

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