scholarly journals Dependence of the amount of certifiedd seeds of maternal lines of sunflower hybrids on the plant density

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
V.M. Lukomets ◽  
◽  
N.M. Tishkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Negative Dependence ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Russian Research

In 2017–2020, on leached black soils in the central climatic zone of the Krasnodar region we studied the patterns of amount of a fraction of certified seeds (amount of physically clean seeds from a sieve with holes of size 2.5 x 20 mm) of the early maturing inbreds – the maternal forms of sunflower hybrids VK 101, VK 678, VK 905, VA 760 and ED 765 bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops depending on the plant density of 40, 50, 60 and 70 thousand plants/ha. We established the negative dependence of the amount of a fraction of certified seeds on the plant density. On average for 2017–2020, the maximum yield of such seeds was obtained when growing the studied maternal lines with plant density of 40 thousand plants/ha: 95 % in VK 905, 88 % in VK 678, and 76–79 % in VA 760, VK 101, and ED 765. With the increasing plat population from 40 to 70 thousand plants/ha, after each 10 thousand plants/ha on average, the amount of a fraction of certified seeds decreased by 1.9 % in VK 905, by 4.9–5.9 in VK 101, VK 678, VA 760, and by 5.9 % in ED 765; the number of a fraction of certified seeds per head decreased by 37 in VK 95 to 125 pieces in VK 101. The highest weight yield and number of a fraction of certified seeds per 1.0 m2 of sowing area of the maternal lines was obtained when growing VK 101 with a plant density of 50 thousand plants/ha, VK 678, VA 760, and ED 765 – 60 thousand plants/ha, VK 905 – 70 thousand plants/ha. We established the negative dependence of thousand-seed weight on the plant density; as the density increased by 10 thousand plants/ha, 1000-seed weight decreased by 1.4 g in VK 760, by 2.2 g in VK 101, by 3.1–3.2 in ED 765 and VK 678, and by 3.5 g in VK 905.

scholarly journals The effect of herbicides on winter false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Oksana Serdyuk ◽  
Victoria Trubina ◽  
Lyudmila Gorlova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Russian Research

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of herbicides on winter false flax and to identify the preparation that does not effect negatively on crop plants. The research was carried out in 20182020 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The experiment scheme included herbicides with active ingredients (a.i.), which effectively decreased the number of weeds on the plots. The effectiveness of the preparations was more than 70% for different types of weeds. However, the variants with the application of preparations with a.i. clopyralid 300 g/l, S-Metolachlor 960 g/l, ethametsulfuronmethyl 750 g/kg significantly decreased the plant density (by 18-32 pcs/m2) and seed yield (by 0.33-0.52 t/ha) of false flax in comparison with the control. The oil content of seeds was significantly decreased in the variants with the herbicides with a.i. S-Metolachlor 960 g/l with the application rate of 1.6 l/ha and ethametsulfuron-methyl 750 g/kg (by 1.2-1.5 %). In other variants, the oil content of false flax seeds differed from the control insignificantly (by 0.3-0.4 %). It has been established that the preparation with a.i. quinmerac 83 g/l + metazachlor 333 g/l with the application rate of 2.0 or 2.5 l/ha should be applied to decrease the number of weeds in the sowings of winter false flax in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. This preparation, without having a toxic effect, increases the yield by 0.15-0.17 t/ha and does not decrease the plant density and oil content of false flax seeds.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF BREEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFONYLUREA-RESISTANT POPULATION FAMILIES OF DZHINN-SUR IN SUNFLOWER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Ryabovol ◽  
◽  
A.A. Pikhtyaryova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
Russian Research

The article is dedicated to the study of sulfonylurea-resistant population families of Dzhinnsur for their further use as a new breeding material. We carried out the experiments in field and laboratory conditions at V.S. Pustotovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar) in 2020. In the field experiment we treated the plants with the herbicide Express and we evaluated the plants by a scale of phytotoxicity in all population families of Dzhinn-sur. We the studied population families by the following characteristics: thousand-seed weight, huskness, oil content and linear size. As a result of this work, we selected four population families of Dzhinn-sur, which are constant in their herbicide resistance; they will be used in further breeding work.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AT VARIOUS LOAD RATES

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
N.A. Sirotkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents research data on the de-pendence between the yield and quality of grapes and shoot load. The studies were car-ried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko, Novocherkassk, Rostov re-gion. On the root-own vineyards of the Per-venets Magaracha variety tolerant to phyllox-era, the following load rates were studied: 30; 35; 40; 45 shoots per bush. For two years of research, the maximum yield was obtained in plantations with a load of 45 shoots per plant: in 2019 - 23.2; in 2020 - 14.7 t / ha with the mass concentration of sugars in berry juice 183 and 170 g / dm3, respectively. The best indicators of the quality of grapes were marked in the variant with the minimum load of shoots in the experiment: the mass concen-tration of sugars in berry juice was 196 g / dm3 in 2019 and 180 g / dm3 in 2020; the concentration of titratable acids was 7.6 and 8.8 g / dm3, respectively.

Yield-density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeded dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Density Relationship

There is relatively little agronomic information on solid-seeded production of dry bean in western Canada. Recommended seeding density for dry bean can depend on the growth habit of the plant, the yield–density relationship, percent emergence, seed cost and environment. The objective of this study was to determine the yield–density relationships in two determinate bush type cultivars of dry bean and the optimum plant population under solid-seeded production in Saskatchewan. CDC Camino, a late-season pinto bean and CDC Expresso, a medium-season-length black bean were the cultivars evaluated. In most sites, the yield-density relationship of the cultivars was asymptotic and an optimum plant density for maximum yield could not be determined. Camino generally required a lower plant population to reach a given yield than Expresso. Increasing plant population did not affect 1000-seed weight. Higher seeding rate did result in a greater number of seeds produced m-2, with Expresso having a greater increase in seed produced m-2 compared with Camino. Expresso was required to be at higher plant densities than Camino to maximize economic returns. This reflects the differences between cultivars in yield-density relationship and seed cost, as Camino has a heavier 1000-seed weight than Expresso. Saskatchewan bean growers wishing to maximize profit should target plant populations for Expresso and Camino of approximately 50 and 25 plants m-2, respectively. Key words: Saskatchewan, yield components, non-linear regression, seeding rate, narrow rows, solid-seeded

scholarly journals The number of glandular trichomes on the peduncles of true lavender inflorescences as an additional breeding trait for essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
T.P. Shuvaeva ◽  
I.V. Gaytotina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The main receptacle of essential oil in true lavender is the peltate glandular trichomes of the calyxes in the whorls of the inflorescences. Their average size is 175 ± 25 µm, in some cases – up to 250 µm. For the extraction of lavender oil, not only the calyxes are used, but the whole inflorescences including the flowering shoots. The surface of the peduncles of lavender inflorescences is also covered with peltate glandular trichomes. However, their contribution to the total volume of essential oil in the inflorescence has almost never been determined. The aim of this research was to study the distribution density of glandular trichomes within the inflorescence and to determine the proportion of the contribution of flowering trichomes to the formation of essential oil in the inflorescence. The research was carried out in 2021 on the basis of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in two ecological and geographical points of the Krasnodar region. The object of the study was the true lavender varieties Voznesenskaya 34, Rannyaya, Yuzhanka and Voznesenskaya Aroma. It was found that the size of glandular trichomes on peduncles of true lavender is 90 ± 15 µm. Their number on peduncles, depending on the variety, varies from 2141 to 3003 pcs. The density of distribution of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles is equal to 8.60–14.93 pcs/mm3 . The total volume of essential oil in all glandular trichomes of peduncles is 0.41–0.57 cmm . The total volume of essential oil in the inflorescences varied from 2.28 to 5.15 cmm . The share of essential oil in the glandular trichomes of the peduncles in relation to the entire inflorescence ranged from 9.33 to 19.56%. It is concluded that peltate glandular trichomes on flower-bearing axes make a significant contribution to the essential oil content of lavender inflorescences. For the selection of true lavender to increase the essential oil content and the yield of essential oil, an additional selection trait is proposed – the amount of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles, which can be regulated by changing their distribution density on the surface of peduncles, or increasing the length of inflorescences.

scholarly journals Early maturing samples of winter rapeseed bred at VNIIMK: search, estimation, selection of promising samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
L.А. Gorlova ◽  
◽  
E.B. Bochkaryova ◽  
E.A. Strelnikov ◽  
V.V. Serdyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Early maturing cultivars of winter rapeseed are of a great demand in the modern production as they allow lowering field intensity of harvesting works. Agrarians are interested in the cultivars which can be harvested simultaneously with winter barley and earlier than middle maturing wheat cultivars. Early maturing rapeseed cultivars are less depressed with summer droughts in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, they have shorter and more intensive periods of flowering and ripening. The purpose of our research was to select genotypes of winter rapeseed combining short vegetative period and complex of economically valuable traits in work breeding collection of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. We studied 330 breeding samples and selected 13 ones (3.9%) having significantly shortened (by 8–4 days) vegetative period compared to the early maturing standard cultivar Elvis. Also it was selected very early sample YS 5696 of Chinese origin, which ripened by 26 days earlier than Elvis, but having low winter resistance and susceptible to returned spring frosts. The best early maturing samples by yield appeared to be ES-15, МТ-1, МR-2, 787/09, they exceeded to a significant degree the standard cultivar Elvis – by 0.32–0.45 t per ha. Their flowering period started simultaneously with Elvis crops, but their periods of flowering and ripening were quite short. Also the selected samples had meaningfully high oil yield per a unit area (from 1.77 to 1.92 t per ha) compared to the cultivar Elvis (1.66 t per ha), low level of uncontrolled sulphur-containing substances – glucosinolates (from 12.2 to 14.5 µmol/g) and 1000 seeds weight within 3.4–4.1

scholarly journals Efficiency of selection of self-fertile sunflower biotypes in production of foundation and breeder seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A.D. Bochkovoy ◽  
◽  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
V.A. Kamardin ◽  
D.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The researches were conducted on fields of OOO NPO “Triumph”, the Matveevo-Kurgansky district of Rostov region and V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar in 2017–2020. The purpose of the research was to develop methodology of selection of self-fertile sunflower genotypes in foundation and breeder seed production. Our work resulted in development of improved population Dobrynya plus. Middle self-fertility of this population at self-pollination was 13.7% vs. 5.2% of the initial variety (increased by 2.6 times), a ratio of the most valuable genotypes with amount of fully formed seeds more than 150 seeds per a plant increased from 13.5 to 26.4% (by 1.9 times). At the open flowering and free insect pollination, population Dobrynya plus does not differ by its economically valuable traits from the initial variety. But at the close flowering, without insects pollination, yield of the population Dobrynya plus was 0.93 t per ha vs. 0.52 t per ha of the initial variety (increase by 1.8 times). At selection of elite seeds from sunflower varietal populations for seed growing, the most perspective are the biotypes with high level of self-fertility which traits are held stable in the different environments. Improvement of sunflower variety by 11 self-fertility does not lead to decreasing of its yield qualities by the main economically valuable traits. The obtained experimental data prove a prospectivity of researches directed on improvement of sunflower variety populations by self-fertility at production of foundation and breeder seeds and possibility to reach successful results.

scholarly journals Breeding of winter rapeseed in VNIIMK: history and new results (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
E.B. Bochkaryova ◽  
◽  
L.A. Gorlova ◽  
E.A. Strelnikov ◽  
V.V. Serdyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Breeding of winter rapeseed in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops was started at the end of 60th of previous century with a selection of perspective winter forms from hybrids of spring brown mustard and winter rapeseed. Heterosis in intraspecific hybrids was studied. The best intraspecific hybrids exceeded the parental forms by 20–36% by seed yield, by 20–27% by green mass yield. A possibility to create intervarietal hybrids based on heterostyly was studied. Conditions for plants acclimation to increase cold resistance of winter rapeseed were studied; methods of selection for cold resistance were developed. In 1982, the development of rapeseed and turnip rape cultivars of ‘00’ type began. To create diversity of breeding germplasm, a great amount of samples from European counties that actively deals with rapeseed breeding were included into the work. In the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, the methods of estimation of oil and fodder protein quality were perfected, cultivars of rapeseed and turnip rape of ‘00’ type (e.g. erucic acid free and with low glucosinolate content) were developed. As a result of breeding for oil quality, high oleic cultivars were developed, that not only improve upon the oil nutritive efficiency but open new possibilities of its technical uses due to increasing oxi- and thermostability. The first Russian high oleic winter rapeseed cultivar Olivin was developed in the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops and introduced in the State Variety Commission in 2019. The linear cultivars of winter rapeseed were developed by inbreeding, the first interlinear hybrids – using a CMS Ogura system. One of them named Debyut was introduced in the State variety trials 2020.

scholarly journals The new spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
R.S. Polyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Rapeseed Variety ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

In 2020, we submitted the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 bred at the Siberian Experimental Station (branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops) to the State Commission of the Russian Federation on testing and protection of the selection achievements. We developed the variety by the method of multiple individual-family selection from the variety Avangard (All-Russian Research Institute of Rapeseed, Lipetsk). In 2012, there was identified an elite plant and further breeding work was carried out to improve the main economic traits: early maturity, productivity, oil content, resistance to lodging, seed falling and to the main pathogens. The general characteristics of the variety are high seed productivity and low content of glucosinolates in seeds. According to the results of the competitive variety trial (2018–2020), the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.29 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.12 t/ha. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.31 t/ha, in the conditions of the Lipetsk region – by 0.30 t/ha. The new variety is meant to for cultivation for seeds in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions. The originator of the variety Sibiryak 60 is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.

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