How Algeria-Turkey Ambitious Strategic Rapprochement Will Affect France’s Sahel Policy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Fall 2021) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Abdunour Toumi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Class ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
French Military ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Military Mission ◽  
The Military

President Macron did decide to withdraw French troops from the Sahel last summer, leaving only special forces based in north Mali, he stated that Operation Barkhane will end early in 2022. Nonetheless, Algiers’ decision to not allow French military planes to use Algeria’s airspace will create a direct impact on the military mission and France’s entire ‘war on terror in the Sahel. In Algeria, however, bold decisions toward a strategic rapprochement with Turkey were in the making. Even though the new authorities in Algiers were hesitant for such a foreign policy shift, because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the internal political struggle, constitutional and institutional amendments in the aftermath of the peaceful Algerian 2019 Hirak needed to be put in place. However, the tenacious resistance of the Francophile and Arabophone-nationalists anti-Ottoman legacy, the well-off social class, and elite pro-France lobbies in Algiers and Paris held back President Abdelmadjid Tebboune’s Administration from improving the relations between Algiers and Ankara. Meanwhile, the ambassadors from both countries have been pushing tirelessly for the success of the strategic rapprochement between these two states.

Getting to Grips with the Military

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Michael Llewellyn-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Inspector General ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
French Military ◽  
Military Mission ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
The Military

Venizelos, who took the position of War Minister himself, attached high priority to restoring discipline and strengthening the army, knowing that it would be tested in war within a few years. He favored appointments on merit, of the best men regardless of political affiliations, to high positions both in the army and in the administration. His first and most significant appointment was of staff officer Ioannis Metaxas, a dynamic royalist, as his ADC. He decided to bring back Crown Prince Constantine to the position of Inspector General of the army, though he knew that this would displease Zorbas and his former colleagues in the military league. Contrary to the views of the king and crown prince, Venizelos invited a French military mission and a British naval mission to Greece. The missions were generally successful in improving 8training, less so in procurement, where the British were unable to wean the Greek navy off its preference for large capital ships

scholarly journals Russia’s Exogenous Factor in the Donbass Conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Yevgeny Ryabinin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Exogenous Factor ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Military

The hypothesis of this research is that Russia has been imposing its influence on Ukraine since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Before the political and military crisis in 2013, it was an indirect influence, whereas since 2014 it has been a direct impact in many spheres. It is necessary to underline that Ukraine has always been split into two parts in terms of foreign policy priorities, language, religion, and culture. This fact was mentioned by Samuel Huntington, who predicted an intense crisis in bilateral relations between Russia and Ukraine in his work Clash of Civilizations. There were two parties in Ukraine that were widely supported in South-Eastern Ukraine, namely the Party of Regions and the Communist Party. The former never spoke about the integration of Ukraine as part of Russian integrational projects because its politicians were afraid of aggressive Russian capital. So they only used pro-Russian rhetoric to win elections. The Communist Party openly backed integration with Russia, but didn’t get enough support as for this idea. It is also demonstrated that there were no parties that were backed financially by Russia, because the parties that offered a kind of a union with Russia never got any seats in the parliament. Since 2014, Russia has been imposing its influence on Ukraine in various spheres, such as economics, politics, diplomacy, the military sphere, etc. Having signed two cease-fire agreements, Russia and Ukraine have failed to apply them and the crisis continues to this day.

scholarly journals IMPACTO DA GUERRA DO CONTESTADO NO IDEAL REFORMADOR DO EXÉRCITO E NA POLÍTICA DE DEFESA BRASILEIRA

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (67) ◽  
pp. 175-197
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rizzatti Salomão
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Society ◽  
French Military ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Military Mission ◽  
Military Institution ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Siglo Xx

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o impacto da Guerra do Contestado (1912- 1916) nas políticas de modernização e reorganização do Exército Brasileiro no século XX. Um dos propósitos é analisar os possíveis desdobramentos desse conflito no campo da política de defesa. Observa-se que, se o resultado da Primeira Guerra Mundial determinou a contratação da Missão Militar Francesa para operar a modernização do Exército Brasileiro, a campanha militar no Contestado evidenciou as debilidades da instituição militar e contribuiu decisivamente para a adoção de medidas reformadoras. Busca-se, também, evidenciar que o estudo desse conflito tem muito a revelar sobre a formação da mentalidade militar e o papel do Exército na sociedade brasileira.   This article aims to discuss the impact of the Contestado War (1912-1916) on the modernization and reorganization policies of the Brazilian Army in the 20th century. One of the purposes is to analyze the possible consequences of this conflict in the field of defense policy. It is observed that if the result of the 1st Word War determined the hiring of the French Military Mission to operate the modernization of the Brazilian Army, the military campaign in the Contestado highlighted the weaknesses of the military institution and contributed decisively to the adoption of reform measures. It also seeks to show that the study of this conflict has much to reveal about the formation of the military mentality and the role of the Army in the Brazilian society   Este artículo tiene por objetivo discutir el impacto de la Guerra del Contestado (1912- 1916) en las políticas de modernización y reorganización del Ejército Brasileño en el siglo XX. Uno de los propósitos es analizar los posibles desdoblamientos de ese conflicto en el campo de la política de defensa. Se observa que, si el resultado de la Primera Guerra Mundial determinó la contratación de la Misión Militar Francesa para operar la modernización del Ejército Brasileño, la campaña militar en el Contestado evidenció las debilidades de la institución militar y contribuyó decisivamente a la adopción de medidas reformadoras. Se busca, también, evidenciar que el estudio de ese conflicto tiene mucho que revelar sobre la formación de la mentalidad militar y el papel del Ejército en la sociedad brasileña. Palabras Clave: Contestado. Ejército brasileño. Política de defensa.

scholarly journals THE FIRST SPARTAN CAMPAIGN OF THE BOEOTIAN LEAGUE

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
O. Kiriakov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the foreign policy of the Boeotian League after the battle of Leuctra. The author focused on the main events of the military campaign 370-369 B.C. It was an important historical event because it is the first campaign when Spartan soldiers defended their native town. The study is based on a wide range of sources and historiography. The author also reconstructed the trial of Pelopidas and Epameinondas in Thebes. This trial reveals internal political struggle in the Boiotian League.

ФИЛОСОФИЯ НАУЧНОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
N. V. Litvak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Politics And Science ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Scientific Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
The Military

The article considers the scientific diplomacy — a relatively new phenomenon in international practice — as a type of diplomacy which took shape quite recently, in the 21st century, with the advent of both the term itself, and the corresponding concepts, and the Foreign Ministry units of some countries. However, it is necessary to clarify the terminology and essence of this practice, which has a much more long history. At the present time, there is a reassessment of this historical experience, as well as another attempt to put science in the civil service in one more — diplomatic aspect, as it has already happened with the military, educational and some other areas. At the same time, the scientific community itself in this process has the opportunity to play not only the role of an object or a passive performer. The demand for science is clearly manifested in periods of war and conflict, which in various forms do not stop today. This causes the urgency of the problem. At the same time, the conscious activity of politicians and scientists is combined with objective, independently developing, incl. latently, unobviously, by the processes of political struggle and scientific knowledge, which leads to complex combinations of interrelations between politics and science. The study of such events and processes allows us to draw some conclusions regarding relations between science and diplomacy, to determine the trend of consistent “scientification” of diplomacy, like of any other sphere of society, the transition from diplomacy-mail (communication) through diplomacy-art to diplomacy-science, formulate a hypothesis that diplomacy in general is a scientific project.

scholarly journals War and peace in liberated North Korea: Soviet military administration and the creation of North Korean police force in 1945

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Vasilii Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Military

Abstract The North Korean police were arguably one of the most important organisations in liberated North Korea. It was instrumental in stabilising the North Korean society and eventually became one of the backbones for both the new North Korean regime and its military force. Scholars of different political orientation have attempted to reconstruct its early history leading to a set of views ranging from the “traditionalist” sovietisation concept to the more contemporary “revisionist” reconstruction that portrayed it as the cooperation of North Korean elites with the Soviet authorities in their bid for the control over the politics and the military, in which the Soviets merely played the supporting role. Drawing from the Soviet archival documents, this paper presents a third perspective, arguing that initially, the Soviet military administration in North Korea did not pursue any clear-cut political goals. On the contrary, the Soviet administration initially viewed North Koreans with distrust, making Soviets constantly conduct direct interventions to prevent North Korean radicals from using the police in their political struggle.

China's New Foreign Policy Team

2013 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Lance L P GORE
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
Hands On ◽  
International Role ◽  
The Military

The new foreign policy team is more professional and with an Asian focus than its older counterpart. Although still fragmented, it may have stronger leadership and better coordination. This is critically important because China is at a defining moment as to its international role. Xi Jinping's closer ties with the military and his hands-on style may encourage assertive nationalism and more active role of the military in foreign affairs.

scholarly journals Integrative approach to the development of professional qualities among cadets of the Special Forces Faculty of the National Guard Troops

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-190
Author(s):  
Irina A. Fedoseeva ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila N. Berezhnova ◽  
Roman A. Guscha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Control Method ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military

Introduction. The study is relevant due to the fact that in the context of the use of special forces of the Russian Guard to counter the increased threat to Russia's national security from terrorist organizations, the problem arose of finding means to form a "new look" of a special forces officer. The question is raised about an integrative approach in the development of professional qualities of future officers of the special forces of the National Guard troops. Materials and methods. The experimental study involved 160 cadets of the Special Forces Faculty of the Novosibirsk Military Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation named after I. K. Yakovlev. The following methods were used: according to moral qualities (motivation for success, Ehlers methodology, value-semantic organization of a personality, methodology for studying the volitional organization of a personality (scale of value-semantic organization of a personality), according to psychological qualities (volitional self-regulation, the methodology by Zverkov and Ehidman, neuropsychic stability, Rybnikov's methodology "Forecast 2", readiness to take risks, Schubert's method), according to physical qualities (mastering professionally applied operations; the control method and testing were used to assess the level of development). The statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Pearson's χ2 test. Results. By the fifth year of studying, as a result of implementing the program "Prospects for the optimal development of professional qualities among cadets of the Special Forces Faculty of the Military Institute of the National Guard Troops", most cadets show a significant increase in terms of the development of moral, mental, and physical qualities. In particular, statistically significant changes were revealed in: the level of neuropsychic stability (χ2 = 10.225; p < 0.01); the level of risk readiness (χ2 = 13.298; p < 0.01); the level of motivation for success (χ2 = 17.045; p < 0.001); development of the value-semantic organization of the personality (χ2 = 18.240; p < 0.001). Conclusion. The main direction of further research is to optimize the professional training of special forces officers, which will improve the level of professional training of a graduate of the Special Forces Faculty of the Military Institute of the National Guard Troops.

scholarly journals Military and Political Integration of the Scandinavian Countries in the European Security Architecture after the Second World War

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Valerii Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
European Security ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military

The Article examines the military and political integration of Scandinavia in the European security architecture after 1945 and analyzes the historical experience of the countries of the North Europe in the late 1940s-1960s in the security space issues. Particular attention is paid to the close link between the military and political rapprochement with the processes of the economic, technological and political integration in the Western European region. It is emphasized that the economic basis of common interests encourages the EU member states all the time to seek peaceful means to resolve possible disputes. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of alternative approaches to the European security that the North European countries have used in their foreign policy. The role and place of these countries in the sphere of the European security during the late 1940s-1960s was determined. The influence of the USA and the USSR on the formation of the foreign policy of the Scandinavian countries, especially the pressure of the Soviet Union on Finland in its attempts to get a neutral state status, has been shown. The reasons for the failure to implement the military and political cooperation projects in the form of the Scandinavian Defense Alliance have been revealed.

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