Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. Spelta)– from Field to Cosmetics

Plants have been intensively used as sources of biologically active compounds. Recently, the attention was directed to spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a promising source of antioxidant compounds. In the present study, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Triticum spelta glycerin extracts were determined. Three different extraction techniques were performed – conventional, microwave- and ultrasound- assisted extractions. Best polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were resulted when heat reflux extraction was applied. Moreover, nourishing and regenerating cream (NRC) formulation was prepared by incorporating 1 % glycerin spelt extract. The physicochemical stability of this formulation was assessed as well as sensory and skin penetration caracteristics.The cosmetic preparation exhibited good emulsion and colour stability at all temperature tested (-10 °C; 25 °C and 40 °C) during 90 days. 85 % of volunteers assessed the skin penetration of NRC as good. The same percentage claimed pleasant odor caracteristic after application on skin. Based on these results it can be concluded that spelt is a promissing source of biologically active substances with various applications.

Download Full-text

Valorization of Lavender Waste – Obtaining and Characteristics of Polyphenol Rich Extracts

Food Science and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.30721/fsab2018.v1.i1.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kostadinka B. Karneva ◽

Ivelina N. Vasileva ◽

Petko N. Denev ◽

Rositsa S. Denkova ◽

Vasil T. Shikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Linalyl Acetate ◽

Lower Quantity ◽

Promising Source ◽

First Time ◽

Active Substances

Bulgaria became the leading producer of lavender oil in the last years. Due to the lower quantity of essential oil large amounts of waste were generated which distilleries usually discard, although the residues are rich source of biologically active substances. The objective of this study was to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts from lavender waste and to investigate their chemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Two wastes (Mirkovo, Bulgaria, 2016) were investigated – steam distilled (SD-L) and CO2-extracted lavender (CO2-L). The major aroma constituents found were linalool and linalyl acetate – 30.68% and 25.82%, respectively, and the highest concentrations were found in the SD-L. The total flavonoids in CO2-L and SD-L were 2.91±0.11 and 3.72±0.20 mg/g dry matter residue, respectively. The higher amount of phenolic acids was observed in the SD-L waste – 2.62±0.19 mg/g, compared to 1.39±0.14 mg/g dry matter residue for CO2 extracted lavender. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was investigated by DPPH (SD-L – 355.48±23.12 µmol TE/g DW waste; CO2-L – 283.21±17.04 µmol TE/g DW waste) and FRAP (SD-L – 427.36±26.54 µmol TE/g DW waste; CO2-L – 311.29±18.17 µmol TE/g DW waste). Both methods suggested that SD-L residue had higher antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content.The lavender wastes (SD-L and CO2-L) showed strong antioxidant capacity with potential beneficial effect on addition in foodstuffs. For the first time lavender residues from CO2-extraction was investigated for its antioxidant activity, polyphenol composition and aroma metabolites, and comparison with SD-L was performed. In general, the results suggested that the lavender waste were promising source of antioxidants.

Download Full-text

Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract Chemical Composition, Phytochemicals of Algerian Rhus pentaphylla Desf. and its Antioxidant Activity

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407215666190207094119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 627-638

Author(s):

Nassima Benmansour ◽

Asma Allal ◽

Chaouki Selles ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Alain Muselli

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Promising Source

Background: Rhus pentaphylla Desf. (Anacardiaceae) widely grown in Algeria, is an underutilized plant and remains poorly studied. To investigate for the first time, the chemical composition profile of essential oil and hydrosol extract; besides Total Phenolic (TPC), Flavonoid (TFC) and Condensed Tannins Contents (CTC) of fruits, leaves and roots, the fatty acid composition was assessed. The radical scavenging activity of R. pentaphylla extracts was then evaluated. Methods: Essential oil and hydrosol extract were isolated respectively by hydrodistillation and liquidliquid- extraction from the aerial parts of R. pentaphylla. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Chemical compositions of various extracts were investigated using Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The results of GC and GC-MS analysis revealed 83 components in essential oil and 75 components in hydrosol extract representing respectively 96.9% and 92.5% of the total extract composition. The main constituents were hexadecanoic acid (31.5%) followed by spathulenol (14.9%) in the oil while the higher amount present in the hydrosol extract was of spathulenol (14.2%). Otherwise, 13 and 18 fatty acids were identified in roots and fruits respectively. The highest levels of TPC and CTC were found in roots extracts while the highest quantity of TFC has been recorded in the leaves extract. Besides, hydrosol extract was able to scavenge DPPH and FRAP free radicals more efficiently than essential oil. Conclusion: R. pentaphylla contains bioactive substances that could be used as a new promising source of antioxidant compounds in different applications.

Download Full-text

The Content of Biologically Active Substances in Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora ‘Lucifer’ Tubers after Treatment with GA3

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 553

Author(s):

Beata Janowska ◽

Roman Andrzejak ◽

Lidia Szwajkowska-Michałek ◽

Kinga Stuper-Szablewska

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Medicagenic Acid ◽

Promising Source ◽

Active Substances ◽

Β Carotene

This study was conducted to assess the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the content of biologically active substances in Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora ‘Lucifer’ tubers. These tubers are a promising source of potential antioxidants, and their extracts can be used in pharmaceutical industry, as well as in cosmetics products and antifungal and antibacterial substances. Four groups of biologically active substances were determined from tubers: saponins, phenolic acid, flavonoids and carotenoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts from tubers increased proportionally to the GA3 concentrations. GA3 at concentrations of 200, 400 and 600 mg dm−3 increased the content of medicagenic acid by 42.9–57.1% and the content of polygalic acid by 50% without affecting the content of medicagenic acid 3-O-triglucoside. The GA3 concentrations used in the experiment positively influenced the accumulation of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and gallic acid. The highest content of caffeic acid was noted in the tubers soaked in GA3 concentrated at 400 and 600 mg dm−3. GA3 at a concentration used in the study stimulated the accumulation of kaempferol by 15%, quercetin by 7–8.2%, quercetin 3-O-glucoside by 1.8% (when GA3 was applied at a concentration of 200 mg·dm−3) and by 4.1% and 3.6% (when GA3 was applied at concentrations of 400 and 600 mg·dm−3) and kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside by 1.5–3.4%. The soaking of the tubers in GA3 increased the content of β-carotene by 7.9%, 5.2% and 7.9%, respectively, without affecting the content of crocin. For soaking of Crocosmia tubers, it is recommended to use GA3 at a concentration of 400–600 mg·dm−3.

Download Full-text

Vernonia condensataBaker (Asteraceae): A Promising Source of Antioxidants

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2013/698018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jucélia Barbosa da Silva ◽

Vanessa dos Santos Temponi ◽

Carolina Miranda Gasparetto ◽

Rodrigo Luiz Fabri ◽

Danielle Maria de Oliveira Aragão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Tlc Bioautography ◽

Promising Source

The present study evaluated the antioxidant potential ofVernonia condensataBaker (Asteraceae). Dried and powdered leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol by static maceration followed by partition to obtain the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined through spectrophotometry and flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD system. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity, TLC-bioautography, reducing power of Fe+3, phosphomolybdenum, and TBA assays. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids ranged from 0.19 to 23.11 g/100 g and from 0.13 to 4.10 g/100 g, respectively. The flavonoids apigenin and luteolin were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction. The IC50of DPPH assay varied from 4.28 to 75.10 µg/mL and TLC-bioautography detected the antioxidant compounds. The reducing power of Fe+3was 19.98 to 336.48 μg/mL, while the reaction with phosphomolybdenum ranged from 13.54% to 32.63% and 56.02% to 135.00% considering ascorbic acid and rutin as reference, respectively. At 30 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract and fractions revealed significant effect against lipid peroxidation. All these data sustain thatV. condensatais an important and promising source of bioactive substances with antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

Brewing By-Product Upcycling Potential: Nutritionally Valuable Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Elisabetta Bravi ◽

Giovanni De Francesco ◽

Valeria Sileoni ◽

Giuseppe Perretti ◽

Fernanda Galgano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Brewing Industry ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Spent Grains ◽

By Products

The brewing industry produces high quantities of solid and liquid waste, causing disposal issues. Brewing spent grains (BSGs) and brewing spent hop (BSH) are important by-products of the brewing industry and possess a high-value chemical composition. In this study, BSG and BSH, obtained from the production process of two different types of ale beer (Imperial red and Belgian strong beer) were characterized in terms of valuable components, including proteins, carbohydrates, fat, dietary fiber, β-glucans, arabinoxylans, polyphenols, and phenolic acids, and antioxidant activity (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)). Significant concentrations of total polyphenols were observed in both BSH and BSG samples (average of about 10 mg GAE/g of dry mass); however, about 1.5-fold higher levels were detected in by-products of Belgian strong ale beer compared with Imperial red. Free and bound phenolic acids were quantified using a validated chromatographic method. A much higher level of total phenolic acids (TPA) (about 16-fold higher) was found in BSG samples compared with BSHs. Finally, their antioxidant potential was verified. By-products of Belgian strong ale beer, both BSG and BSH, showed significantly higher antioxidative capacity (about 1.5-fold lower inhibitory concentration (IC50) values) compared with spent grains and hop from the brewing of Imperial red ale. In summary, BSG and BSH may be considered rich sources of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and antioxidant compounds (polyphenols), and have the potential to be upcycled by transformation into value-added products.

Download Full-text

Ultrasonically-Extracted Marine Polysaccharides as Potential Green Antioxidant Alternatives

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/asec2020-07606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Hanaa L. Essa ◽

Hania A. Guirguis ◽

Mayyada M. H. El-Sayed ◽

Dalia Rifaat ◽

Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Algal Species ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Ulva Lactuca ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Sugar Substitutes ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Marine-extracted sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) have been the subject of myriad research since they are considered an eco-friendly source of biologically active compounds. Meanwhile, food and pharmaceutical industries are urgently producing natural sugar substitutes and antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic ones which are associated with cytotoxicity and safety issues. This study assesses the potential of using marine SPs obtained via the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of different marine species, to utilize them as antioxidant sugar substitutes. The carbohydrate, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were measured for SP extracts of the algal species of Ulva lactuca, Jania rubens and the marine plant mangrove Avicennia marina. These SPs were structurally elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The results revealed that SPs’ highest yield percent was obtained from Ulva lactuca, 5.50 ± 0.25%. The SPs of Avicennia marina had the highest carbohydrate content, 44 ± 1% and antioxidant activity, 78.85 ± 0.06 at the 100 μg/mL concentration and 89.50 ± 0.21 at the 250 μg/mL concentration. Meanwhile, the highest phenolic content was exhibited by algal SPs obtained from Jania rubens, 132.60 ± 2.50 mgGa/g. Results also showed that all extracts have potent antioxidant activity, while the highest antioxidant activity belonged to the SPs of Avicennia marina owing possibly to their balanced glucose and galactose contents as measured by HPLC. This work emphasizes the need to consider sulfated polysaccharides from marine sources for their antioxidant activity and to correlate it with their monosaccharide content to determine the effect of reducing sugar concentration on the antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY GLYCYRRHIZA PALLIDIFLORA HERB (GLYCYRRHIZA PALLIDIFLORA MAXIM.)

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-5-42-46 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Maltseva E.M. ◽

Egorova I.N. ◽

Pinchuk L.G.

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Plant Antioxidants ◽

Phytochemical Studies ◽

First Time

Pale-flowered licorice (Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.) is the pea family (Fabaceae) perennial herb. It is a Russian Far East endemic. Pale-flowered licorice refers to the false (not sweet) licorice section (Pseudoglycyrrhiza Krug.), which do not accumulate glycyrrhizin derivatives. The G. pallidiflora successful introduction has been carried out over the past 5 years in the “Apothecary garden” territory, FRC UUH SB RAS, Kemerovo. Phytochemical studies screening biologically active compounds main classes of the plant aerial part confirmed the presence of a complex of phenolic compounds. The content of catechin derivatives and condensed-type tannins - proanthocyanidins (PAC) data in G. pallidiflora herb were obtained for the first time. In different years of cultivation, licorice herb accumulates phenolic compounds - up to 2.83 ± 0.22% in terms of gallic acid, flavonoids - up to 2.44 ± 0.03% in terms of rutin and PAC in terms of cyanidine chloride - up to 2.61 ± 0.11%. It was found that the maximum content of the phenolic compounds and PAC sum was observed in the herb for 4 years development. The greatest number of flavonoids accumulates in the herb harvested in the 3rd year of cultivation. A positive significant linear relation was found between antioxidant activity (AOA) and the total phenolic compounds and PAC content (r≥0.98). Considering that BAC with IC values ≤ 50 μg / ml in the DPPH assay refer to active antioxidant’s licorice herb can be classified as a plant with high antioxidant potential. It was found that the iron chelating activity of the G. pallidiflora herb is in direct dependence (r≥0.94) on the content of flavonoids. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of further study of this plant as a source of BAC, including plant antioxidants.

Download Full-text

Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Biological Effects of European Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24010024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tunde Jurikova ◽

Sona Skrovankova ◽

Jiri Mlcek ◽

Stefan Balla ◽

Lukas Snopek

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Meat Products ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Fruit Species ◽

American Cranberry ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Active Substances

Lesser known fruits or underutilized fruit species are recently of great research interest due to the presence of phytochemicals that manifest many biological effects. European cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos fruit, as an important representative of this group, is a valuable source of antioxidants and other biologically active substances, similar to American cranberry (V. macrocarpon) which is well known and studied. European cranberry fruit is rich especially in polyphenolic compounds anthocyanins (12.4–207.3 mg/100 g fw), proanthocyanins (1.5–5.3 mg/100 g fw), and flavonols, especially quercetin (0.52–15.4 mg/100 g fw), which mostly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the fruit. Small cranberry is also important due to its various biological effects such as urinary tract protection (proanthocyanidins), antibacterial and antifungal properties (quercetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins), cardioprotective (proanthocyanidins) and anticancer activities (proanthocyanidins), and utilization in food (juice drinks, jams, jellies, sauces, additive to meat products) and pharmacological industries, and in folk medicine.

Download Full-text

Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) from Mali, as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3104 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Alessandra Braca ◽

Chiara Sinisgalli ◽

Marinella De Leo ◽

Beatrice Muscatello ◽

Pier Luigi Cioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Adansonia Digitata ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Promising Source

Background: Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae), also known as baobab, is a tree attracting recent interest especially due to the high nutritional value of the fruit pulp. However, few studies are reported on the secondary metabolite content, showing high variability depending on the geographic region. Methods: In this study, the chemical profiles of Malian commercial baobab fruits and leaves, focused on phenolic content, were investigated by HPLC coupled with a photodiode array (PDA)/UV and an electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer (MS) and gas chromatography (GC)/MS. In addition, the extracts of fruit pulps obtained from three different markets (Fruits 1, 2, and 3) were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition. Results: Baobab fruit pulps were found to be rich in procyanidins and flavonol glycosides, with tiliroside as the major constituent. The baobab leaves showed a similar profile respect to the fruits, but with more detected phenolics. All fruit pulp extracts exerted antioxidant activity (highest for Fruit 3) and higher α-glucosidase inhibition than acarbose used as standard. Conclusions: This study confirmed the variability of baobab with different origins and indicated Malian species baobab as a promising source of health-promoting substances.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Compounds, Mineral Content and Antioxidant Activity of Several Tomato Cultivars Grown in Southwestern Romania

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4119026 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 136 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Violeta NOUR ◽

Ion TRANDAFIR ◽

Mira E. IONICA

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Tomato Cultivars

Ten indeterminate tomato cultivars differing in fruit shape and typology, grown simultaneously in a greenhouse from Oltenia (Southwestern Romania) and harvested at red ripe stage, were investigated for the contents in ascorbic acid, lycopene, Î²-carotene, total phenolics, minerals (K, Na, Ca and Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn and B). In addition, their antioxidant activities were determined. Significant differences were found among tomato cultivars in all studied antioxidant compounds, as well as in the antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid ranged from 91.9 to 329.7 mg kg-1 fw, lycopene ranged from 19.7 to 49.0 mg kg-1 fw, while total phenolic compounds varied between 300.2 and 557.8 mg kg-1 fw. Antioxidant activity ranged from 0.81 mmol Trolox kg-1 fw to 1.74 mmol Trolox kg-1 fw and it was significantly correlated to total phenolics content (r = 0.91; p< 0.05). The cocktail type cultivar â€˜Tigerâ€™ and the cherry type cultivar â€˜Belleâ€™ proved to be the most powerful in antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds while the rectangular plum shaped cultivar â€˜Portoâ€™ recorded the highest average lycopene content. A valuable cultivar proved to be the brownish red â€˜Sacherâ€™ which registered among the highest contents of phenolics, lycopene and ascorbic acid. Mineral and trace elements contents were also significantly affected by cultivars. Values recorded for K, Ca and Mg ranged from 2139.6 to 3056.9 mg kg-1, 137.7 to 325.8 mg kg-1 and 27.3 to 168.7 mg kg-1 respectively.

Download Full-text