scholarly journals Spacecraft launch and re-entry: Effects of simulated +Gx acceleration on cardiorespiratory parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
LS Deepika ◽  
MS Nataraja ◽  
S Mishra ◽  
A Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Second Peak

Introduction: In the spaceflight, during launch and re-entry, the crew is exposed to acceleration ranging from +4Gx to +8Gx in nominal conditions. This study was conducted to assess the changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, namely, heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), respiratory rate (RR), and SpO2 on exposure to simulated +Gx acceleration. Material and Methods: Fifteen randomly selected healthy male volunteers participated in the study. They were exposed to a simulated acceleration profile consisting of two peaks in the high-performance human centrifuge; first peak of +4Gx for 30 s and second peak of+8Gx for 30 s. The cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored and recorded during the acceleration exposure. The data were compiled and analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Significant increase in HR was observed on exposure to +4Gx (110.4 ± 16.7 bpm; P < 0.001) in comparison to the baseline value (80.5 ± 7.5 bpm). However, the changes in the HR at +8Gx were not significant in comparison to baseline as well as +4Gx values. On the other hand, RR indicated a significant increase on exposure to +8Gx (25.2 ± 5.8 breaths/min) in comparison to the baseline (15.1 ± 1.6 breaths/min; P = 0.001) and +4Gx (19.0 ± 6.1 breaths/min; P = 0.009) values. SpO2 showed a significant reduction at +8Gx (94.2 ± 3.8%) in comparison to baseline (98.9 ± 0.3%; P = 0.004) and +4Gx (96.9 ± 1.5%; P = 0.003). ECG did not show any evidence of arrhythmia during the exposure to +Gx acceleration. Conclusion: The insignificant changes in the HR at peak of +8Gx indicate less pronounced effects on the smaller hydrostatic gradient in +Gx acceleration unlike +Gz acceleration. However, the findings of the study point towards a significant increase in respiratory rate and reduction in SpO2 at +8Gx.

Psychophysiologic responses of mechanically ventilated patients to music: a pilot study

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Chlan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ventilated Patients

BACKGROUND: Although mechanically ventilated patients experience numerous stressors, they have not been included in music therapy stress reduction and relaxation studies. OBJECTIVE: To examine selected psychophysiologic responses of mechanically ventilated patients to music. METHODS: A two-group experimental design with pretest, posttest, and repeated measures was used. Twenty mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to a music-listening group or a nonmusic (headphones only) group. Physiologic dependent measures--heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and airway pressure--were collected at timed intervals. Psychologic data were collected before and after intervention using the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: Using repeated measures analysis of variance, results for heart rate and respiratory rate over time and over time between groups were significant. Between-group differences were significant for respiratory rate. Significant differences were found via t test for the music group's Profile of Mood States scores. No adverse cardiovascular responses were noted for either group. CONCLUSIONS: Data indicated that music listening decreased heart rate, respiratory rate, and Profile of Mood States scores, indicating relaxation and mood improvement.

Ratings of Perceived Exertion to Determine Intensity During Outdoor Running

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixie L. Thompson ◽  
Keith A. West
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova

A paucity of data exists related to the usefulness of Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) to set exercise intensity in non-laboratory settings. The purpose of this study was to determine if RPE could be used on an outdoor track to generate blood lactate and heart rate (HR) responses similar to those obtained on a treadmill (tm) run. Nine experienced runners (6 males, 3 females; [Formula: see text]) completed a horizontal, incremental tm test. HR, RPE, and lactate were measured for each stage. Subsequently, subjects ran for 30 min on an outdoor track at the RPE corresponding with 2.5 mM lactate during the tm run. Repeated measures ANOVA compared lactate and HR values at 2.5 mM lactate on the tm run and values obtained during the track run. Lactate during the track run was significantly higher (p < .05) than 2.5 mM throughout the 30 min (6.9 ± 2.9, 63 ± 2.9, and 5.8 ± 3.0 mM at 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively). HR at 2.5 mM lactate during the tm run (173 ± 6.1 bpm) was significantly lower (p < .05) than at min 10 and 20 of the track run (182.6 ± 9.3 and 182.9 ± 8.0 bpm, respectively) but not different from min 30 (181.3 ± 10.6 bpm). In summary, it is difficult to generate specific physiological responses using RPE. Key words: RPE, Borg Scale, exercise, lactate, training

Sight-Singing Scores of High School Choristers with Extensive Training in Movable Solfège Syllables and Curwen Hand Signs

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. McClung
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sight Singing ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Pedagogical Strategy ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Randomly chosen high school choristers with extensive training in solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs ( N = 38) are asked to sight-sing two melodies, one while using Curwen hand signs and the other without. Out of a perfect score of 16, the mean score with hand signs was 10.37 ( SD = 4.23), and without hand signs, 10.84 ( SD = 3.96). A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference, F(1, 37) = .573, p = .454. These findings support the results of five earlier studies; however, because earlier studies were limited to students who were minimally trained in movable solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs, this study expands the knowledge base. Relationships between performance scores and instrumental experience, class grade, sight-singing experience, and hand sign experience were also examined. A pedagogical strategy for linking Curwen hand signs with students' preferred modes of learning (especially the kinesthetic mode) is recommended.

scholarly journals Physiological differences between twin and single-born lambs and kids during the first month of life

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Francesca Arfuso ◽  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Postnatal Adaptation ◽  
Physiological Differences

Abstract. The effects of time after birth and of twinning on rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and body weight (BW) values were evaluated in five singleton Comisana lambs (three males and two females), five singleton Maltese Kids (three males and two females), four couples of twin Comisana lambs (four males and four females) and four couples of twin Maltese kids (four males and four females) during the first month of life. For all kids and lambs, RT, HR, RR and BW were recorded after 1 and 24 h from birth and every 2 days until the 30th day of life. The application of two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a statistically significant effect of time (P < 0.0001) on RT, HR, RR and BW values in all lambs and kids during the first month of life. Any significant effect of twinning (P > 0.05) on all studied parameters was found in lambs, whereas statistically significant differences in BW, RT and HR values (P < 0.01) were found between twin and singleton kids throughout the first month of life. The results obtained in this study make a contribution to the knowledge of homeostatic, cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory adaptations occurring in singleton lambs and kids and in twin lambs and kids during the first 30 days of life. Our findings indicate that the BW, RT, HR and RR values, whose homeostasis is still evolving in newborn, should be interpreted dynamically as a function of the period of postnatal adaptation and also of twinning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Residual Monomers Eluted from Pediatric Dental Restorative Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tugba Bezgin ◽  
Ceren Cimen ◽  
Nurhan Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Polishing Procedures ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dental Restorative

Unreacted monomers eluted from resin-based restorative materials have been considered a reason of local and systemic adverse reactions. This study was designed to determine the effect of finishing and polishing procedures on the elution of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA monomers from compomer and bulk-fill composite resins. Bulk-fill composite (3M ESPE GmbH, Seefeld, Germany) and compomer (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) specimens with 3 × 4   mm diameters were prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups, and finishing-polishing procedures were applied only to the experimental groups. Release of residual monomers was analyzed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used for comparisons. Finishing and polishing procedures had a significant effect on reducing the quantity of UDMA release in the Filtek™ Bulk Fill composite and Bis-GMA, HEMA, and TEGDMA in the Dyract XP compomer ( p < 0.05 ). The restorative materials investigated here are not chemically stable after polymerization, and concentrations of eluted monomers may reach critical toxicity levels even after one restoration placement. Finishing and polishing procedures are mandatory to reduce residual monomers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam using clinical and laboratory parameters in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 646-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDULLAH KARASU ◽  
NURI ALTUG ◽  
LOGMAN ASLAN ◽  
BAHTIYAR BAKIR ◽  
NAZMI YUKSEK
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine (XK), xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam (XTZ) and tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) using hematological and biochemical parameters in rabbits. A total of 18 rabbits were divided into three equal treatment groups (n = 6). The rabbits in the XK, XTZ, and TZ groups were administered xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and TZ (15 mg/kg), and TZ (15 mg/kg), respectively, via the intramuscular route. Following the injection, their reflexes were tested every 5 minutes. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were determined before the injection (0 min) and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after injecting the anesthetic combinations. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], and urea) analyses were also performed before, during, and after anesthesia administration. The duration of anesthesia and loss of reflexes were significantly longer in the XTZ group than in the other groups. However, in the TZ group, reflexes were remained. Respiratory rate and body temperature decreased in all the groups. Moreover, heart rate reduced only in the XK and XTZ groups, and the hematological parameters of all groups were comparable. Serum AST and ALP levels increased in the XTZ group compared to that in the XK and TZ groups, respectively. However, these increases were within the reference limits. The post-anesthesia serum BUN and urea levels significantly increased in the XTZ group (p &lt; 0.05) compared to that in the other groups. Thus, although the XTZ combination provided satisfactory anesthetic effect in rabbits, it may be nephrotoxic. Therefore, its use for anesthesia induction in invasive renal procedures and experimental nephrotoxicity studies is not advisable..

scholarly journals Is V̇O2 supressed during nonapnoeic facial submersion?

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Anderson ◽  
Maggie R. Chamberlain ◽  
Samantha Musgrove ◽  
Antonia Partusch ◽  
Keagan R.J. Tice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Peripheral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Cold Shock Response ◽  
Metabolic Cart ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Dive Response

The mammalian dive response (DR) is described as oxygen-conserving based on measures of bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and decreased ventilation (V̇E). Using a model of simulated diving, this study examined the effect of nonapnoeic facial submersions (NAFS) on oxygen consumption (V̇O2). 19 participants performed four 2-min NAFS with 8 min of rest between each. Two submersions were performed in 5 °C water, 2 in 25 °C water. Heart rate (HR) was collected using chest strap monitors. A tube connected to the inspired port of a non-rebreathing valve allowed participants to breathe during facial submersion. Expired air was directed to a metabolic cart to determine V̇O2 and V̇E. Baseline (BL) HR, V̇O2, and V̇E values were determined by the average during the 2 min prior to facial submersion; cold shock response (CSR) values were the maximum during the first 30 s of facial submersion; and NAFS values were the minimum during the last 90 s of facial submersion. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that both HR and V̇E were greater during the CSR (92.5 ± 3.6 beats/min, 16.3 ± 0.8 L/min) compared with BL (78.9 ± 3.2 beats/min, 8.7 ± 0.4 L/min), while both were decreased from BL during the NAFS (60.0 ± 4.0 beats/min, 6.0 ± 0.4 L/min) (all, p < 0.05). HRCSR was higher and HRNAFS lower in 5 °C versus 25 °C water (p < 0.05), while V̇E was greater in 5 °C conditions (p < 0.05). V̇O2 exceeded BL during the CSR and decreased below BL during the NAFS (BL: 5.3 ± 0.1, CSR: 9.8 ± 0.4, NAFS: 3.1 ± 0.2 mL·kg−1·min−1, p < 0.05). The data illustrate that NAFS alone contributes to the oxygen conservation associated with the human DR.

The effect of serrating abutment-implant mating surface on torque stability of implant-abutment connection, before and after cyclic loading.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Rezayani ◽  
Marzieh Alikhasi ◽  
Abbas Monzavi
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Torque Loss ◽  
Connection Design

This study evaluated the effect of adding serration to the abutment-implant connection on torque maintenance before and after loading. Two implant systems with the same dimensions and connection design (internal 8˚morse taper octagon) were selected: one with non-serrated abutments (Simple line II) and the other one with serrated abutments (F & B). The removal torque value (RTV) was measured in two groups for each system: one group with one-piece abutments and the other group with two-piece abutments, before and after cyclic loading (n=10 in each group). The initial RTV of the abutment screw was measured with a digital torque meter. Each abutment received a cement-retained metal crown with 30° occlusal surface. Cyclic axial peak load of 75±5 N was applied to the implants for 500,000 cycles at 1 Hz. The post-load RTV was then measured. Two-way and repeated measures ANOVA, and independent t-test were applied to assess the effects of cyclic loading, connection design, abutment type, and their interaction on the percentage of torque loss (α=.05). Two-way ANOVA showed that serration of mating surfaces had a significant effect on torque maintenance before (P&lt;0.001) and after (P=0.004) cyclic loading. Repeated measures ANOVA also showed that loading had a significant effect on the torque loss percentage (P&lt; 0.01). Comparison of the groups with t-test showed that the torque loss of the serrated groups was lower than that of non- serrated groups. Despite the limitations of this study, the stability of the implant-abutment connection in the serrated design was higher than that of non-serrated group.

Hypothermia below 25 C for one day in the rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Connaughton ◽  
F. John Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Better Than

Adult rats were subjected to 24 hr of hypothermia at body temperatures below 25 C because of several characteristics which indicated that rats might withstand such a procedure better than dogs. Two groups were studied: in one the animals were enclosed in a poorly ventilated Lucite cylinder; the rats in the other group were merely wrapped in a cooling blanket. Those rats cooled while in a poorly ventilated enclosure had a significantly increased survival rate; factors which may have influenced this increased survival are discussed. The changes in hematocrit, respiratory rate, and heart rate parallel those observed previously in the dog subjected to the same procedure. Submitted on October 26, 1960

scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy of Intravenous, Subcutaneous, and Suppository Morphine in Reducing Post Hysterectomy Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Sheida Shabanian ◽  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
Razieh Mohammadi ◽  
Gholamreza Shabanian
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Morphine Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intravenous Morphine ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Difference

Background and aims: Postoperative pain has always been considered by surgeons because of its various complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous, subcutaneous and suppository morphine in reducing post-hysterectomy pain. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 90 patients undergoing hysterectomy were randomized into three groups of 30 each using simple randomization, namely, intravenous, subcutaneous, and suppository morphine (10 mg). Before intervention and 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours after intervention, pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS). Relative frequency of nausea, vomiting, itching, bradypnea, and apnea in all groups was recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS version16.0. Results: Mean pain severity at 0 hour postoperatively (P=0.004), 4 hours postoperatively (P=0.009), 8 hours postoperatively (P=0.009), and 12 hours postoperatively (P=0.001) was significantly higher in the suppository morphine group than in the other two groups. There was no significant difference in pain severity at 16 hours postoperatively among the three groups (P=0.446). According to the results of repeated measures ANOVA, changes in pain severity at the five intervals were statistically significant in all three groups (subcutaneous, intravenous, and suppository morphine groups) (P<0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference in pain severity at the studied intervals among the three groups (P<0.001). The frequency of nausea (P=0.05) and vomiting (P=0.84) was higher in the suppository group than in the other two groups, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated better efficacy of subcutaneous and intravenous morphine in reducing post-hysterectomy pain compared with suppository morphine.

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