Hypothermia below 25 C for one day in the rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Connaughton ◽  
F. John Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Better Than

Adult rats were subjected to 24 hr of hypothermia at body temperatures below 25 C because of several characteristics which indicated that rats might withstand such a procedure better than dogs. Two groups were studied: in one the animals were enclosed in a poorly ventilated Lucite cylinder; the rats in the other group were merely wrapped in a cooling blanket. Those rats cooled while in a poorly ventilated enclosure had a significantly increased survival rate; factors which may have influenced this increased survival are discussed. The changes in hematocrit, respiratory rate, and heart rate parallel those observed previously in the dog subjected to the same procedure. Submitted on October 26, 1960

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam using clinical and laboratory parameters in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 646-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDULLAH KARASU ◽  
NURI ALTUG ◽  
LOGMAN ASLAN ◽  
BAHTIYAR BAKIR ◽  
NAZMI YUKSEK
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine (XK), xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam (XTZ) and tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) using hematological and biochemical parameters in rabbits. A total of 18 rabbits were divided into three equal treatment groups (n = 6). The rabbits in the XK, XTZ, and TZ groups were administered xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and TZ (15 mg/kg), and TZ (15 mg/kg), respectively, via the intramuscular route. Following the injection, their reflexes were tested every 5 minutes. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were determined before the injection (0 min) and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after injecting the anesthetic combinations. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], and urea) analyses were also performed before, during, and after anesthesia administration. The duration of anesthesia and loss of reflexes were significantly longer in the XTZ group than in the other groups. However, in the TZ group, reflexes were remained. Respiratory rate and body temperature decreased in all the groups. Moreover, heart rate reduced only in the XK and XTZ groups, and the hematological parameters of all groups were comparable. Serum AST and ALP levels increased in the XTZ group compared to that in the XK and TZ groups, respectively. However, these increases were within the reference limits. The post-anesthesia serum BUN and urea levels significantly increased in the XTZ group (p < 0.05) compared to that in the other groups. Thus, although the XTZ combination provided satisfactory anesthetic effect in rabbits, it may be nephrotoxic. Therefore, its use for anesthesia induction in invasive renal procedures and experimental nephrotoxicity studies is not advisable..

The effect of clipping the coat on various reactions of calves to heat

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Better Than

Ten calves were exposed for 3 hr. to an atmosphere in which the dry-bulb temperature was 40° C. and the wet-bulb temperature 33° C, (a) with their normal coats, and (b) after their coats had been clipped.When clipped the calves tolerated the same hot environment better than they did before they were clipped, as evidenced by significant reductions in skin temperature, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate, as well as by a lessening of various manifestations of distress.This effect of clipping was thought to be due mainly to an improvement in skin, evaporative cooling.

Respiration in the Hibernation of the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara R. Landau ◽  
Albert R. Dawe
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Variable Duration ◽  
Transition Stages

Respiratory rate, heart rate and body temperatures were recorded simultaneously in the 13-lined ground squirrel ( Citellus tridecemlineatus) throughout the hibernating cycle. An induction trend may appear at any time during the latter part of arousal. It may lead to the hibernating state, or it may give way to the continuation of arousal, hence neither induction nor arousal appears to be an ‘all-or-none’ phenomenon. In hibernation, respiration consists of one to two deep sighs followed by apnea of variable duration, averaging 1–3 breaths/min. The heart rate is often arrhythmic, but averages 7–8 beats/min. As the frequency of the sighs change, other shallow rhythmic breaths appear very early in arousal, and increase in rate and amplitude to marked hyperventilation. Heart rate also increases rapidly and without arrhythmia, but in late arousal various stimuli will elicit momentary respiratory and cardiac arrest. In transition stages, respiratory lead heart rate changes, except during early arousal and late induction when respiratory and heart rates are linearly related. The apparent initiatory action of respiration further implicates the respiratory muscles in the heat production of arousal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multimodal Anesthetic Drugs Combination in Goats undergoing laparo-ovariectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elbialy Elmorsy ◽  
Khalid Abouelnasr ◽  
Esam Mosbah ◽  
Adel Zaghloul
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Local Analgesics

Objective: To evaluate the effect of multimodal analgesic drugs for alleviation of pain accompanying laparo-ovariectomy in goat. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Sixteen goats ageing 8-18 months and weighing 20 kg on average. Procedures: The proposed site of laparotomy in all animals was infiltrated with lidocaine hydrochloride 1% 15 minutes before surgery started. The goats were allocated into four groups of four animals each; first group (L): animals received Lidocaine infltration , second group (PL): animals received Piroxicam at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg IM, third group (PPL): animals received Piroxicam and Propofol at a dose rate of (5 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively), and finally fourth group (PPBL): animals received Butorphanol at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg in addition to Piroxicam- Propofol . Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), serum concentrations of lactate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined at baseline (15 minutes prior to surgery), directly after administration of the anesthetic agent, during surgery, and post-surgery at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes for 1-3 days postoperatively. Additionally, the analgesia score was monitored. Results: Heart rate, respiratory rate, Serum levels of IL 6, BUN and ALT decreased significantly in PPBL group compared to the other groups (P≤0.05). In addition, analgesia scores were significantly higher in PPBL group than the other groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: It could be concluded that the use of Propofol and Butorphanol in the analgesic protocol during laparo-ovariectomy in goats can alleviate stress and pain response and could therefore potentiate the effects of local analgesics.

Autonomic involvement in the lymphatic delivery of fibrinogen

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Kolmen ◽  
L. J. Daily ◽  
D. L. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphatic Flow ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphatic Delivery

Fibrinogen concentrations in thoracic duct lymph and plasma were measured in 64 dogs before and following the intravenous administration of one of the following agents: saline, ephedrine, methacholine, or neostigmine. Measurements of hematocrit, lymphatic flow, arterial pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded also. Half of the dogs in each of the above groups were premedicated with atropine, the other half with saline. The rate of lymphatic flow increased only in dogs premedicated with saline and receiving ephedrine, methacholine, or neostigmine. Blood and lymph fibrinogen concentrations increased only in dogs receiving ephedrine; this increase was not observed in any dog premedicated with atropine. Fibrinogen delivery (milligrams fibrinogen delivered via the thoracic duct per minute), therefore, was dependent on parasympathetic activity and primarily was a reflection of the induced increase in rate of lymphatic flow. The increased flow was related to changes in hematocrit and to a lesser extent to changes in respiratory rate. Evidence and inductive reasoning are presented to support the concept of extravascular storage of fibrinogen and to propose a possible mechanism by which depletion and repletion of these stores is accomplished.

scholarly journals Spacecraft launch and re-entry: Effects of simulated +Gx acceleration on cardiorespiratory parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
LS Deepika ◽  
MS Nataraja ◽  
S Mishra ◽  
A Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Second Peak

Introduction: In the spaceflight, during launch and re-entry, the crew is exposed to acceleration ranging from +4Gx to +8Gx in nominal conditions. This study was conducted to assess the changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, namely, heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), respiratory rate (RR), and SpO2 on exposure to simulated +Gx acceleration. Material and Methods: Fifteen randomly selected healthy male volunteers participated in the study. They were exposed to a simulated acceleration profile consisting of two peaks in the high-performance human centrifuge; first peak of +4Gx for 30 s and second peak of+8Gx for 30 s. The cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored and recorded during the acceleration exposure. The data were compiled and analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Significant increase in HR was observed on exposure to +4Gx (110.4 ± 16.7 bpm; P < 0.001) in comparison to the baseline value (80.5 ± 7.5 bpm). However, the changes in the HR at +8Gx were not significant in comparison to baseline as well as +4Gx values. On the other hand, RR indicated a significant increase on exposure to +8Gx (25.2 ± 5.8 breaths/min) in comparison to the baseline (15.1 ± 1.6 breaths/min; P = 0.001) and +4Gx (19.0 ± 6.1 breaths/min; P = 0.009) values. SpO2 showed a significant reduction at +8Gx (94.2 ± 3.8%) in comparison to baseline (98.9 ± 0.3%; P = 0.004) and +4Gx (96.9 ± 1.5%; P = 0.003). ECG did not show any evidence of arrhythmia during the exposure to +Gx acceleration. Conclusion: The insignificant changes in the HR at peak of +8Gx indicate less pronounced effects on the smaller hydrostatic gradient in +Gx acceleration unlike +Gz acceleration. However, the findings of the study point towards a significant increase in respiratory rate and reduction in SpO2 at +8Gx.

scholarly journals Utilization of garlic and meniran flour by repelleting method in feed for preventive and curative efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish Clarias sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽  
Dadang Kurniawan ◽  
Karno Setyotomo ◽  
Mia Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Better Than

<p>This research was purposed to determine the effective dose of meniran<em> </em>and garlic <em>flour</em> in feed by repelleting method for preventive and curative efficacy to the infection of <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in catfish. The treatment tested were eight different dosages of garlic<em> </em>and meniran<em> </em>meals (2:1). Those four dosage used to preventive treatment namely A (0.1%), B (1.1%), C (2.1%), and D (3.1%), the other four used to curative treatment namely E (0.2%), F (2.2%), G (4.2%), and H (6.2%). The preventive treatments were given for two weeks before challenging test. The curative treatment was performed on 2<sup>nd</sup>–8<sup>th</sup> day after challenging test. Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injecting of 0.1 mL <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila </em>(10<sup>8</sup>cfu/mL) into the fish. Parameters observed were feeding response, growth rate, survival rate, clinical symptoms, wound healing, and organs morphology. The result showed that the survival rate of preventive treatment was 40±40% for A and B, 60±20% for C, and 20±20% for D. The survival rate of curative treatment was 33.33±11.55% for E, 46.67±11.55% for F, 33.33±11.55% for G, and 26.67±11.55% for H. The results indicated that the preventive treatment was more effective than the curative treatment, presumably because the immunostimulatory activities on preventive was better than curative.</p> <p>Keywords: garlic<em>, </em>meniran, repelleting, <em>Aeromonas</em><em> hydrophila</em>, catfish</p>

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Further Studies on the Ultrastructure of Harderian Gland in Adult Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
Guadalupe Tapia-Arizmendi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cell Components

The fine structure of the Harderian gland has been described in some animal species (hamster, rabbit, mouse, domestic fowl and albino rats). There are only two reports in the literature dealing on the ultrastructure of rat Harderian gland in adult animals. In one of them the author describes the myoepithelial cells in methacrylate-embbeded tissue, and the other deals with the maturation of the acinar cells and the formation of the secretory droplets. The aim of the present work is to analize the relationships among the acinar cell components and to describe the two types of cells located at the perifery of the acini.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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