scholarly journals Novel drug delivery strategies and gene therapy regimen as a promising perspective for management of psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Sujata Pralhad Sawarkar ◽  
Vijay Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Maximum Penetration ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Novel Drug

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder; however, an exact underlying mechanism responsible for psoriasis is yet not known. A hypothesis put forward is an abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes due to faulty signals brought about by T-cells. Due to the lack of evidence of the exact cause, a variety of treatments have been used of which topical therapy is usually the first option in most patients. Topical therapy has several shortcomings and barriers of drug delivary which may be effectively overcome using novel drug carrier systems which exhibit maximum penetration, controlled release, reduced irritancy and, overall, a better efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies based on gene therapy such as antisensing nucleotide, silencing RNA complex, stem cell therapy and antibody-based therapy are being envisaged. This review article discusses the concepts and background of current novel delivery systems and gene therapy tools for effective management of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Effects of cortisol administration on craving during in vivo exposure in patients with alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila M. Soravia ◽  
Franz Moggi ◽  
Dominique J.-F. de Quervain
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Extinction Memory ◽  
Exposure Sessions ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

AbstractAlcohol-associated memories and craving play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). As treatment options are limited in AUD, novel treatment strategies focus on the manipulation of alcohol-associated memories. The stress hormone cortisol affects various memory processes, and first clinical studies have shown that it inhibits the retrieval of disorder-specific memories and enhances extinction memory. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single oral administration of cortisol on craving in patients with AUD during repeated in vivo exposure to alcohol pictures and the preferred alcoholic drink. In a double-blind, block-randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design, 46 patients with AUD were treated with two sessions of in vivo exposure to alcohol. Cortisol (20 mg) or placebo was orally administered 1 h before each test day. Craving, stress, and cortisol were repeatedly measured during exposure sessions. Results show, that cortisol administration had distinct effects on craving depending on the severity of AUD and test day. While cortisol administration significantly enhanced craving during exposure on the first test day in patients with less severe AUD, it reduced craving in patients with more severe AUD. Independent of the cortisol administration, repeated in vivo exposure reduced craving from test day 1 to test day 2. In conclusion, adding cortisol to in vivo exposure might be a promising approach for reducing the strength of alcohol-associated memories and might promote the consolidation of extinction memory in patients with severe AUD. However, the differential effect of cortisol on craving depending on AUD severity cannot be conclusively explained and highlights the need for future studies elucidating the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Lacunar stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2021-326308
Author(s):  
Shadi Yaghi ◽  
Eytan Raz ◽  
Dixon Yang ◽  
Shawna Cutting ◽  
Brian Mac Grory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Neurological Deterioration ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neurovascular Imaging

Lacunar stroke is a marker of cerebral small vessel disease and accounts for up to 25% of ischaemic stroke. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of potential lacunar stroke mechanisms and discuss therapeutic implications based on the underlying mechanism. For this paper, we reviewed the literature from important studies (randomised trials, exploratory comparative studies and case series) on lacunar stroke patients with a focus on more recent studies highlighting mechanisms and stroke prevention strategies in patients with lacunar stroke. These studies suggest that lacunar stroke is a heterogeneous disease with various mechanisms, including most commonly lipohyalinosis and less commonly atheromatous disease and cardioembolism, highlighting the importance of a careful review of brain and neurovascular imaging, a cardiac and systemic evaluation. A better understanding of pathomechanisms of neurological deterioration may lead to investigating the utility of novel treatment strategies and optimisation of short-term antithrombotic treatment strategies to reduce the risk of neurological deterioration and prevent long-term disability in patients with lacunar stroke.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Impact of Neurodegenerative Proteins in Epilepsy: Focus on Alpha-Synuclein, Beta-Amyloid, and Tau

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yam Nath Paudel ◽  
Efthalia Angelopoulou ◽  
Christina Piperi ◽  
Iekhsan Othman ◽  
Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Tau Protein ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Lack of disease-modifying therapy against epileptogenesis reflects the complexity of the disease pathogenesis as well as the high demand to explore novel treatment strategies. In the pursuit of developing new therapeutic strategies against epileptogenesis, neurodegenerative proteins have recently gained increased attention. Owing to the fact that neurodegenerative disease and epileptogenesis possibly share a common underlying mechanism, targeting neurodegenerative proteins against epileptogenesis might represent a promising therapeutic approach. Herein, we review the association of neurodegenerative proteins, such as α-synuclein, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and tau protein, with epilepsy. Providing insight into the α-synuclein, Aβ and tau protein-mediated neurodegeneration mechanisms, and their implication in epileptogenesis will pave the way towards the development of new agents and treatment strategies.

Novel Treatment strategies for Management of Psoriasis: Current update and Future Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Thakur ◽  
P.S. Rajinikanth ◽  
Payal Deepak ◽  
Shweta Jaiswal ◽  
Sneha Anand
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Almost All

: Psoriasis is an auto-immune disorder of the skin, affects 1-3% of the total population. It has characteristic features such as the enhanced proliferation of keratinocytes, scaling, and increased secretion of inflammatory mediators. Over the last decade, the treatment of psoriasis has advanced considerably. Different treatment strategies consisting of topical, systemic, phototherapy and biologics have been used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis disorder. Commonly topical therapies are favored over systemic therapies to treat mild to moderate psoriatic disease conditions. Systemic approaches include the usage of Immuno-suppressants and biological agents etc. However, none of them are safe and effective enough to treat this infection. Almost all of them suffer from the disadvantage of creating resistance. Recent discoveries in psoriasis pathogenesis are paving the way for new therapeutics to concentrate on molecular level targeting for psoriasis. Various approaches comprising topically to gene therapy using nano carrier-based drug delivery systems have also been used for treatment. Nanocarriers comprise liposomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocapsules, micelles, liposomes, and nanostructured lipid carriers, etc. Nanocarriers as a delivery system have the potential to offer an alternate means of effective and safe treatment of psoriasis. The targeting ability of these nanocarriers at the molecular level has improved the efficacy of therapeutics. An extensive clinical trial for the delivery of small molecules in both topical and systemic therapy is also in progress to provide better treatment strategies. These can improve the efficacy with minimized adverse effects on long-term therapy. For future perspective points, gene therapy might act as a promising treatment approach for psoriasis treatment and its management. It would build a solid foundation for research into the development of precise medication for psoriasis. This review primarily focuses on current therapy and various new future therapeutic strategies for the treatment and management of psoriasis.

Anti-VEGFR2 Antibody-modified Micelle for Triggered Drug Delivery and Effective Therapy of Choroidal Neovascularization

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-265
Author(s):  
Kei Takahashi ◽  
Tomomi Masuda ◽  
Mitsunori Harada ◽  
Tadashi Inoue ◽  
Shinsuke Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Laser Coagulation ◽  
Antiangiogenic Agents ◽  
Drug Carrier System ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether DC101 (anti-VEGFR2 antibody)- modified micelles have applications as novel drug delivery devices, which allow small molecule antiangiogenic agents to deliver to angiogenic sites on a murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. Materials and Method: CNV was induced by photocoagulation on the unilateral eye of each mouse under anesthesia. Immediately after laser coagulation, E7974-loaded DC101-modified micelles and motesanib-loaded DC101-modified micelles were intravitreally administrated. Two weeks after photocoagulation, CNV was visualized using fluorescein-conjugated dextran (MW=2,000 kDa), and the CNV area was measured in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroidal flat mounts. Results: Intravitreal administration of both DC101-modified micelles loaded with E7974 at 2 µM and motesanib at 2 µM significantly reduced CNV area in the murine laser-induced CNV model at a clearly lower concentration than the effective dose of each agent. Conclusion: These results suggest that DC101-modified micelle might be effective drug carrier system for treating CNV and other ocular angiogenic diseases.

A Systematic Study of Novel Drug Delivery Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 102539
Author(s):  
Umme Hani ◽  
Riyaz Ali M. Osmani ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqua ◽  
Shadma Wahab ◽  
Sadia Batool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Novel Drug

scholarly journals Novel Treatments and Technologies Applied to the Cure of Neuroblastoma

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Irene Paraboschi ◽  
Laura Privitera ◽  
Gabriela Kramer-Marek ◽  
John Anderson ◽  
Stefano Giuliani
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour in childhood, accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer-related deaths in the paediatric population1. It is characterised by heterogeneous clinical behaviour in neonates and often adverse outcomes in toddlers. The overall survival of children with high-risk disease is around 40–50% despite the aggressive treatment protocols consisting of intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation2,3. There is an ongoing research effort to increase NB’s cellular and molecular biology knowledge to translate essential findings into novel treatment strategies. This review aims to address new therapeutic modalities emerging from preclinical studies offering a unique translational opportunity for NB treatment.

scholarly journals Immune Cell Modulation of the Extracellular Matrix Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Ramiz S. Ahmad ◽  
Timothy D. Eubank ◽  
Slawomir Lukomski ◽  
Brian A. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a five-year survival rate of only 9%. PDAC is characterized by a dense, fibrotic stroma composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This desmoplastic stroma is a hallmark of PDAC, representing a significant physical barrier that is immunosuppressive and obstructs penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, dense ECM promotes hypoxia, making tumor cells refractive to radiation therapy and alters their metabolism, thereby supporting proliferation and survival. In this review, we outline the significant contribution of fibrosis to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the cross talk between immune cells and pancreatic stellate cells that contribute to ECM deposition. We emphasize the cellular mechanisms by which neutrophils and macrophages, specifically, modulate the ECM in favor of PDAC-progression. Furthermore, we investigate how activated stellate cells and ECM influence immune cells and promote immunosuppression in PDAC. Finally, we summarize therapeutic strategies that target the stroma and hinder immune cell promotion of fibrogenesis, which have unfortunately led to mixed results. An enhanced understanding of the complex interactions between the pancreatic tumor ECM and immune cells may uncover novel treatment strategies that are desperately needed for this devastating disease.

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