The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus, and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract

AbstractA total of 384 piglets from a three-way cross Yorkshire ♂ × (Finnish Landrace ♂ × Dutch Landrace♀) ♀ in the live-weight range of 11 to 25 kg were used in a feeding trial. The effect of supplementary microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger var. Van Tieghem on performance (average daily gain (ADG), average daily food intake (ADFI) and food conversion ratio (FCR)) and apparent digestibility of total phosphorus (P), in comparison with a non-supplemented basal diet or a diet supplemented with one or two levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP), were studied.The piglets were allotted to 12 blocks. Within each block, four experimental diets were offered ad libitum for a period of 4 weeks i.e. (1) basal diet; (2) basal diet + 1·0 g P, from MCP per kg diet; (3) basal diet + 1·9 g P, from MCP per kg diet; and (4) basal diet + 1450 phytase units (PTU) per kg diet. The diets, with added chromium III oxide as a marker, were cold pelleted without steam at a temperature not above 60°C to avoid a possible inactivation of the phytase. In all diets the ratio calcium: digestible P was intended to be constant.Adding 1450 PTU of Aspergillus niger phytase enhanced the apparent digestibility of P by proportionately 0·216 when compared with diet 1 and by proportionately 0·100 compared with diet 3. In addition, significantly higher ADG and ADFI and better FCR were noted in pigs receiving supplementary microbial phytase than in pigs on any other treatment. The content of digestible P of the diet with added phytase, however, zvas between the two levels of the diets with added MCP.

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Hydrolysis of Phytic Acid in Brown-Rice Bread by Aspergillus niger Phytase

Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi ◽

10.4327/jsnfs.58.267 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akiko Matsuo ◽

Kenji Sato ◽

Yasushi Nakamura ◽

Kozo Ohtsuki

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Phytic Acid ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Aspergillus Niger Phytase

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Effect of fermented, hardened, and dehulled of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) meals in digestibility and antinutrients in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2018161-11830 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0605 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco J. Valdez-González ◽

Roberto Gutiérrez-Dorado ◽

Manuel García-Ulloa ◽

Breidy L. Cuevas-Rodríguez ◽

Hervey Rodríguez-González

Keyword(s):

Phytic Acid ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Low Cost ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Tannin Content ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Processing Techniques

Among the most typical feed sources for tilapia, plants represent a low-cost source in substituting for traditional high-cost feed ingredients. Fermentation, hardening and dehulling are common grains processing techniques to make plant nutrients available and more digestible to fish. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter and protein, and antinutrients (phytic acid and tannins) in fermented, hardened and dehulled chickpea (Cicer arietinum) meals were determined for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The highest ADC was obtained with processed (fermented, hardened and dehulled) chickpea meals compared with non-processed. Results indicated that fermentation increased the protein content by 13.1%, decreased the content of ash and phytic acid (47.5 and 45%, respectively), and increased the ingredient apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADM) by 23.2%, and the ingredient apparent digestibility of protein (ADP) by 41.9%. Dehulling meal increased the protein (5.7%) and lipid (6.4%) content of chickpea grains; decreased fiber, ash and tannin content (75.3%, 19.1%, and 84.5%, respectively); and increased ADM by 12.8%, and ADP by 10.4%. We conclude that fermented, hardened and dehulled chickpea meals represent a potential alternative in diets for juvenile O. niloticus.

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Effects of Caecectomy on the Digestibility of Food and Rate of Passage of Digesta in the Rat

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9820373 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 373 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

VJ Williams ◽

W Senior

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Young Adult ◽

Transit Time ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Alimentary Tract ◽

Female Rats ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Stock Diet

Minimum transit time through the alimentary tract of young adult female rats fed a stock diet adlibitum was reduced from 6� 6 � 0�4 h for sham-operated rats to 5�0 � 0�3 h for caecectomized rats, but there was no effect on transit time of digesta along the small intestine. Caecectomy decreased the apparent digestibility of crude protein, soluble carbohydrate, cellulose and hemicellulose. Digestibility of lipid was not affected. However, caecectomized rats did not increase their dry matter intakes to compensate for the reduced digestible energy intakes.

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In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620000288x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 133-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B M L McLean ◽

J J Hyslop ◽

A C Longland ◽

D Cuddeford ◽

T Hollands

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Design Experiment ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Physical Processing ◽

Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

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Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽

Mikael Neumann ◽

Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽

Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽

Sandra Galbeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Average Weight ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

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EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-088 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 787-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

V. GIRARD ◽

G. DUPUIS

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Optimum Number ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Cool Season ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

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The use of titanium dioxide for determining apparent digestibility in mature domestic fowls (Gallus domesticus)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960005526x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 233-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

J. Peddie ◽

W. A. Dewar ◽

A. B. Gilbert ◽

D. Waddington

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Gallus Domesticus ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Reference Substance ◽

Collection Method ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Suitable Reference

The apparent digestibility of a diet can be calculated from the amounts of food eaten and excreta voided. This ‘total collection’ method is laborious because it requires a period lasting several days. It can be circumvented by the inclusion in the diet of a suitable reference substance (Kotb & Luckey, 1972). From the concentration of the reference substance (marker) in the diet and in the droppings, apparent dry-matter digestibility can be calculated.

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PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss83-021 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 199-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. W. BULLEN ◽

R. J. SOPER ◽

L. D. BAILEY

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Chamber Experiment ◽

Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

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