scholarly journals Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders in Medical/Dental Undergraduate Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Mahvish Wahad Khan ◽  
◽  
Abdul Mueed Zaigham
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Short Period

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this epidemiological study was to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in undergraduate students at CMH Lahore Medical College (CMH-LMC) and Institute of Dentistry (IOD) using Fonseca’s questionnaire. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed among 644 undergraduate students attending CMH Lahore Medical College (CMH-LMC) and Institute of Dentistry (IOD). The questionnaire had some general questions regarding medical and dental history requiring responses in yes or no and it had 10 specific questions regarding the temporomandibular joint with response options yes, sometimes & no which were allocated scores 10, 5 and 0 respectively. The sum of points was used to classify participants into TMD free, mild, moderate, and severe temporomandibular disorders (TMD). RESULTS: The prevalence of TMD was found to be 62%. Among all the participants almost 37% were TMD free, 43% students suffered from Mild TMD, 18% students had moderate TMD and 1% students suffered from severe TMD. CONCLUSION: The Fonseca’s questionnaire can be used as an effective tool in assessment of prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders. Public health services should adopt the questionnaire for screening, as information can be obtained in a relatively short period and at a low cost for a wide population. KEYWORDS: Fonseca’s questionnaire, Temporomandibular disorders, Orofacial pain, Cervicofacial muscles.

scholarly journals OSPE (Objective structured practical examination): Perception of the faculty and students at A Public Sector Medical College in Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1519-1524
Author(s):  
Zahid Kamal ◽  
Nauman Aziz ◽  
Hafiza Swaiba Afzal ◽  
Ahmad Zeeshan Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Practical Examination ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Basic Medical

Objective: Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is a growing way of assessing the students of medical universities particularly. This study is targeted to compare and assess different perceptions of the faculty and the students towards OSPE at a public sector medical college. Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey. Setting: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 1st July 2020 to 15th July 2020. Material & Methods: The questionnaire was sent to all the participants by Whatsapp because of COVID-19 pandemic. All the undergrad students of MBBS (500) and all the faculty members (65) of clinical and basic medical sciences were included in the study. Results: The response rate of faculty members was 78.46% and that of undergraduate students was 70.80%. Out of 51 members who responded, 23 (45.10%) were males while 28 (54.90%) were female. Female students were having majority of participation (71.20%). Most of the faculty and students agreed with the fact that ‘The questions asked in the OSPE stations were appropriate and related to the curriculum’ (60.10% and 45.10% respectively). Response to a question ‘OSPE is more transparent, fair and objective as compared to traditional practical examination’ got a nod from faculty members (49%). Almost 76% of the students (strongly agreed and agreed) thought that OSPE was tiring and stressful for them but their respected faculty members thought the opposite. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is satisfaction of both students and the faculty regarding their perceptions of OSPE at public sector medical college. In our study while comparing, the majority of both the groups were having almost same opinions.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress (By DASS 42 Scoring System) among the undergraduate students of Sahiwal Medical College.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 407-414
Author(s):  
Raees Abbas Lail ◽  
Nauman Aziz ◽  
Hafiza Swaiba Afzal ◽  
Sajjad Hussain Sabir ◽  
Tooba Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Male Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Objective: The purpose of this study is to observe the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate MBBS students of Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal stratified by their gender, class and residences. Study Design: Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 15th March, 2020 to May 15, 2020. Material & Methods: A validated questionnaire was distributed through Whatsapp to different students of all the five MBBS classes. The online survey was done because of countrywide lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) accomplished by 209 students. Results: Depression, anxiety and stress levels of temperate to severe range were found in 48.30, 59.80 and 44.40% of our study group, respectively. Depression was more prevalent in male students (62.50%) while anxiety and stress totals were greater amongst female students (69.40% and 63.60% respectively). First- and final-year students had high prevalence of depression (71.00% and 72.40% respectively) and stress (64.50% and 72.40% respectively) while first year and 2nd year students were more prevalent with anxiety (77.40% and 79.60% respectively) then the others. Hostel residents were found to be high in depression (61.50%) while day scholars were having greater prevalence rates of anxiety and stress (70.40% each). Students who were pleased with their training had lesser depression, anxiety and stress scores than individuals who were not contented. Conclusions: The increased prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress signs amongst college students is disturbing. This displays the necessity for major and ancillary preventive actions, by the improvement of suitable and fitting support facilities for this group.

scholarly journals Predicting Pharmacist Intention to Contribute to COVID-19 Management at the Community Level: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlei Li ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chi Ieong Lei ◽  
Carolina Oi Lam Ung
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The role of pharmacists in public health management is expected to grow into a key player in the continuing measures of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the community setting. However, their intention to provide essential public health services for combating the pandemic and the impact of their attitude and beliefs are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related responsibilities of pharmacists based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), identify the key factors predicting their intention, and explore the usefulness of the TPB model in predicting such an intention.Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was completed by pharmacists in Macao between May and August 2020. Quantitative responses regarding intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties, and the four TPB variables [attitude (A), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and past behavior (PB)] were measured. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to determine the reliability and validity of the tool. In addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation was used to determine the strengths of the association, and multiple linear regression was used to predict the association between the intention and the four key variables.Results: More than half of the pharmacists practicing in Macao completed the questionnaire (296/520) giving a response rate of 56.9%. Among them, 75% were 26–40 years old and 56% were female. The majority of the participants (91.9%) demonstrated a positive intention to contribute to the COVID-19 infection management (mean = 4.19 ± 0.51). The mean scores for A, SN, PBC, and PB were 4.06 ± 0.52, 3.71 ± 0.58, 3.76 ± 0.65, and 4.03 ± 0.54, respectively. A (β = 0.671), SN (β = 0.608), PBC (β = 0.563), and PB (β = 0.829) were all positively correlated with intention (all P < 0.001). It was found that 72.5% of the variance in the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties could be explained by the TPB model using the four key variables with A and PB being two possible predictors.Conclusion: Pharmacists showed favorable A, SN, PBC, and intention in participating in COVID-19 management in the community setting. Specific training, enhanced stakeholder communication, and improved pharmacy management are essential to increase the willingness of pharmacists to take part in the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies alike in the future.

scholarly journals Perception of Saudi Undergraduate Students towards Professionalism in Medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan A. AlKhater
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Objectives: Professionalism has garnered immense attention in medical education due to increased societal accountability and focus on excellence in healthcare. However, less attention has been given to identifying attitudes about professionalism in medical students who are the future advocates of the healthcare system. This study aimed to assess perceptions of Saudi undergraduate medical students towards professionalism. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 2nd- and 6th-year students of a Saudi medical college in September of 2018. A self-administered professionalism questionnaire was anonymously completed. Students were asked to provide their level of agreement with 18 survey items using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Overall, 288 students participated in the study (49.3% males and 50.7% females), with a response rate of 90%. The median professionalism score was high (71.0; range: 64-76) regardless of age, gender, or level of education. Similar high scores were noted in the following subscales: Excellence, 20.0 (18, 21); Respect for Others, 17.0 (14, 18); Altruism, 12.0 (10, 13); Duty, 8.0 (7, 9); Accountability, 7.0 (6, 8); and Honor and Integrity, 8.0 (7, 10). No gender differences were observed in the majority of subscales. However, males demonstrated higher scores in the Duty subscale (9.0 vs. 8.0; P = 0.026). Conclusion: Medical students demonstrated high professionalism scores. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of the course curriculum on their level of professionalism over time. Keywords: assessment, curriculum, medical students, professionalism, survey.

scholarly journals Determinants for Knowledge Sharing Behaviours among Undergraduate Students in Public University in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Syaiful Hisyam Saleh ◽  
Ahmad Zam Hariro Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Public University ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Sharing Behavior ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the factors affecting knowledge sharing behaviour (KSB) among undergraduate students in X University in Malaysia. University X was used instead of the university’s name to protect the identity of the university. The objectives are: i) To identify the factors that affecting knowledge sharing behaviour among undergraduate students in Public University in Malaysia, ii) To determine relationship between self-efficacy and knowledge sharing behaviour, iii) To determine relationship between trust and knowledge sharing behaviour, iv) To determine relationship between technology availability and knowledge sharing behaviour and v) To determine relationship between perceived usefulness of technology and knowledge sharing behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – The data from 297 students out of 1,486 undergraduate students in a X University in Malaysia has been collected. Data from 297 students were completed and the demographic shows 197 females (66.3%) and 38 males (33.7%). The quantitative approach and questionnaire instrument are the research methodology and technique used to investigate this phenomenon. Data analysis conducted using SPSS software to constructs the finding results. Findings – The results indicated the highest correlation value is between trust and knowledge sharing behavior which comply with one of the objective to determine relationship between trust and knowledge sharing behaviour, whereas the lowest correlation value is between technology availability and knowledge sharing behavior which comply with one of the objective to determine relationship between technology availability and knowledge sharing behaviour. Therefore, it could be considered that the variables used in this study have positive correlation either moderate or low relationship. Research limitations/implications – There are several limitations of this study. Firstly, this study was only focused on undergraduate students from one Public University in east coast peninsular. Therefore, it may not be generalised to other Public University across Malaysia. Secondly, we did not relate the students’ knowledge sharing to academic performance, which may be of interest to be looked into in future studies. Moreover, by utilizing a single method, i.e. quantitative, we may not be able to assess and understand student’s intention of knowledge sharing in depth, as most behavioral studies consisted of mixed method approach. Lastly, it is the nature of a cross sectional survey study which limits our analysis. It would be of much benefit if we can perform a prospective study in assessing the changes in students’ knowledge sharing behaviour as they progress in the subsequent years of their studies. Conclusion – The conclusion could be drawn that knowledge sharing was found to be significantly related to all components under study i.e. self-efficacy, trust, technological availability, and perceived usefulness of technology. Personal attitudes and technological factors may act as determinants of knowledge sharing among university undergraduate students in X University in Malaysia.

Knowledge and Communication of the National Core Standards Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Thembisile Maphumulo ◽  
Busisiwe Bhengu
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Nurses

The National Department of Health in South Africa has introduced the National Core Standards (NCS) tool to improve the quality of healthcare delivery in all public healthcare institutions. Knowledge of the NCS tool is essential among healthcare providers. This study investigated the level of knowledge on NCS and how the NCS tool was communicated among professional nurses. This was a cross-sectional survey study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select hospitals that only offered tertiary services in KwaZulu-Natal. Six strata of departments were selected using simple stratified sampling. The population of professional nurses in the selected hospitals was 3 050. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 543 participants. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The study showed that only 16 (3.7%) respondents had knowledge about NCS, using McDonald’s standard of learning outcome measured criteria regarding the NCS tool. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the communication and knowledge was r = 0.055. The results revealed that although the communication scores for the respondents were high their knowledge scores remained low. This study concluded that there is a lack of knowledge regarding the NCS tool and therefore healthcare institutions need to commit themselves to the training of professional nurses regarding the NCS tool. The findings suggest that healthcare institutions implement the allocation of incentives for nurses that attend the workshops for NCS.

e-Learning: Practices Among Undergraduates of a Medical College of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Background Information ◽  
P Value ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
E Learning

Background: Information technology (IT) is a new way of teaching and learning. One of the promising media of information technology is e-Learning, which is used to enhance knowledge and skills among users. A student gains better and deep knowledge through a useful tool. This survey aimed to determine practices among medical students for e-Learning. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 184 students amongst the 500 students currently enrolled in medical college. Data was collected using questionnaires and were analyzed through SPSS version 22. Chi-square was used for qualitative values. Results: Majority 90.80% (n=167) students were aware of e-Learning and were statistically high in first year students (p-value: 0.018). The student did not show statistically significant results for content learned through e-Learning with a p-value of 0.063. Different resources were used for e-Learning in which videos had the highest percentage (87.60%) and audios were used as the least resource for e-Learning (29.20%). Daily, 56% of the students use e-Learning for 1 hour or less and only 3% of the students used it for more than 4 hours. Conclusion: Majority of undergraduate medical students were aware of the use of e-Learning and most of them preferred e-Learning for their course work and studies showing a significant increase in understanding and use, compared to studies conducted earlier. Participants found e-Learning useful and effective tool in increasing knowledge and understanding of their subject. Keywords: e-Learning; Practices; Students.

Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 During the First Nationwide Lockdown in Vietnam: Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Ngoc Cong Duong ◽  
Tien Nguyen Le Bao ◽  
Phuong Thi Lan Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Vo Van ◽  
Toi Phung Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The first nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic was implemented in Vietnam from April 1 to 15, 2020. Nevertheless, there has been limited information on the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of the public. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological issues and identify the factors associated with the psychological impact of COVID-19 during the first nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling. A self-administered, online survey was used to collect data and assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants from April 10 to 15, 2020. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were utilized to assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants during social distancing due to COVID-19. Associations across factors were explored using regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1385 respondents completed the survey. Of this, 35.9% (n=497) experienced psychological distress, as well as depression (n=325, 23.5%), anxiety (n=195, 14.1%), and stress (n=309, 22.3%). Respondents who evaluated their physical health as average had a higher IES-R score (beta coefficient [B]=9.16, 95% CI 6.43 to 11.89), as well as higher depression (B=5.85, 95% CI 4.49 to 7.21), anxiety (B=3.64, 95% CI 2.64 to 4.63), and stress (B=5.19, 95% CI 3.83 to 6.56) scores for DASS-21 than those who rated their health as good or very good. Those who self-reported their health as bad or very bad experienced more severe depression (B=9.57, 95% CI 4.54 to 14.59), anxiety (B=7.24, 95% CI 3.55 to 10.9), and stress (B=10.60, 95% CI 5.56 to 15.65). Unemployment was more likely to be associated with depression (B=3.34, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.01) and stress (B=2.34, 95% CI 0.84 to 3.85). Regarding worries about COVID-19, more than half (n=755, 54.5%) expressed concern for their children aged <18 years, which increased their IES-R score (B=7.81, 95% CI 4.98 to 10.64) and DASS-21 stress score (B=1.75, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.24). The majority of respondents (n=1335, 96.4%) were confident about their doctor’s expertise in terms of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, which was positively associated with less distress caused by the outbreak (B=–7.84, 95% CI –14.58 to –1.11). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the effect of COVID-19 on mental health during the nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam. The study provides useful evidence for policy decision makers to develop and implement interventions to mitigate these impacts. CLINICALTRIAL

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