scholarly journals Evaluation of Tooth Wear and its Causative Risk Factors Amongst Patients Attending Dental Hospital of Karachi

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Aneeqa Shahab ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Dental Hospital

OBJECTIVE: Tooth wear is a term defined as the loss of dental hard tissue in a damaged tooth if there is no existing dental caries or trauma. Tooth wear rarely exists alone and is observed clinically and experimentally in combination. Excessive tooth wear leads to hypersensitivity and exposed dentin. Tooth wear can be classified as attrition, erosion, abrasion. The frequency of normal tooth preservation is greater than ever, thus a better prevalence of tooth wear is experiential in the population. Therefore, the objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate tooth wear and its causative risk factors amongst patients attending the Dental Hospital of Karachi. METHODOLOGY: The current study was a cross-sectional study conducted on adult patients recruited from the Out-Patient Department of Oral Diagnosis from May 2018 - December 2018. A consecutive sampling method was used and 250 adult patients aged 18-45 years were included. Tooth wear was assessed by using Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index (TWI index).Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS, frequency, percentages were calculated, and a chi-square test was performed to find the association between gender and risk factors. RESULTS: The subject populations of 250 were assessed. Out of which 178 were male (71.2%) and 72 (28.8%) were female with age ranging between 18 to 48 years old. In this study, 92.4% of them were suffering from tooth wear and only 31.2% have extended to the severe stage of the tooth surface loss. CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that there is an association between tooth wear and its risk factors. KEYWORDS: Tooth Wear; Dental Wear; Tooth Wear Indices; Sensitivity and Specificity; Risk Factors.

Assessment of tooth wear and its associated factors in adult patients visiting a dental hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Rojin Joshi ◽  
S Gautam ◽  
B Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dentinal Hypersensitivity

Tooth wear is a universal consequence of aging. It is an irreversible, multifactorial and destructive loss of dental hard tissues caused by either a mechanical or chemical process in the absence of caries or trauma. It can be a physiological and age dependent process. The risk factors that contribute to tooth wear are diet, bruxism, environment, occupation, oral health behaviour, acid regurgitation and use of tobacco. This study was done to find out if there is an association between tooth wear and its associated factors. So that we can educate the patients about the various factors causing tooth wear and minimise it. This cross sectional study was done amongst 339 patients. The clinical assessment of tooth wear was done using tooth wear index developed by Smith & Knight. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to seek information on risk factors of tooth wear. All patients were categorised into one of the following groups: Low Tooth Wear group, Moderate Tooth Wear group, Severe Tooth Wear group based on their individual tooth wear surface scores. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test and descriptive statistics were calculated. We can see that the severity of tooth wear increases with age i.e, p≤0.05 which is statistically significant. Patients with self reported tooth sensitivity (60.5%) had a higher total tooth wear score than those who didn’t (39.5%) and the result was statistically significant. The results of our study show that tooth wear is a consequence of aging and there is an association between tooth wear and dentinal hypersensitivity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of tooth wear and its associated risk factors among industrial workers in Daman, India: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Ahuja ◽  
Nirmal Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Tooth wear is an ever increasing problem. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of tooth wear and its associated risk factors among industrial workers in Daman, India. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 613 industrial workers selected using simple random sampling. The clinical assessment of tooth wear was done using tooth wear index (TWI) developed by Smith & Knight. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to seek information on risk factors of tooth wear. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, ANOVA and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: The overall prevalence of tooth wear was found to be greater in mandible (86.8%) as compared to maxilla (61.7%). In both maxilla and mandible, the most frequently affected teeth were incisors (55.8% and 83.7%) followed by canines (52.2% and 81.2%), pre molars (38.5% and 42.1%) and molars (37.8% and 38.8%). Among the risk factors, consumption of hard or acidic foods (p=0.01, OR=1.73) and use of hard toothbrush bristles (p=0.04, OR=0.04) in maxilla and clenching or grinding of teeth (p=0.01, OR=3.96) in mandible were significantly associated with tooth wear. However, work environment involving dust or acid gas was the only risk factor associated with tooth wear in both maxilla (p=0.004, OR=0.53) and mandible (p<0.001, OR=0.35). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of tooth wear among industrial workers. Thus, efforts should be made by dentists to increase awareness about tooth wear and plan a three-level prevention program based on analysis of risk assessment.  

scholarly journals Association between the Use of Alternative Medicine and Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perez-Sosa Abigail M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Cost

Background: Diabetes mellitus 2 (T2D) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in northern Mexico. Various treatments are used to control the disease; however, the cost of these and the difficulty of dietary management have as a consequence that the patient abandons them and looks for cheaper and easier-to-use alternatives. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of alternative medicine and adherence to medical treatment in patients with T2D. Design and Setting: Analytic cross-sectional study. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was designed between March and July 2019 including 464 patients with T2D from the family medicine unit #48 Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. We used the Morisky-Green scale for adherence to treatment and the use of Alternative Medicine (CAM) was evaluated with a holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. The Chi-Square test was used for comparison of proportions and risk factors were calculated using odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 53% of patients use CAM; biological therapy (herbs and supplements) is the most frequent (94%). The association between CAM use and adherence to medical treatment was 2.1 (95% CI 1.4-3.1, p= 0.001). The risk factors for the use of CAM were female sex, basic level education, uncontrolled disease and a time of evolution greater than 10 years. Conclusion: CAM users are 2.1 times more at risk of having a regular or bad adherence to medical treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Chunchun Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Different Ages

Abstract Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us in enriching the content of OHE. The objective of this study was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages to provide evidence and insights for OHE.Methods: Children aged 3-5 years old (N=1301) in Shandong Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data about oral health status and caregivers’ oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were extracted from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China. The associations between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables were tested with chi-square tests, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: The ECC prevalence in Shandong Province was 64.6%, and the dmft mean was 3.15. The independent variables with an increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, experience of toothache over the past year and dental visits (P<0.05, chi-square tests). Complete breastfeeding within 6 months of birth primarily contributed to the high ECC risk of the 3-year-old group (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.41-8.17), while high frequency bedtime sweet consumption mainly contributed to that of the 5-year-old group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.03-10.06; logistic regression analysis). Tooth brushing was not associated with ECC in this study, and some positive knowledge and attitude variables were positively correlated with a high risk of ECC.Conclusion: These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which provides some insights for OHE. We should highlight the effects of feeding methods in the early stages of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stages of deciduous dentition on ECC, as well as encourage preventive dental visit and supplemental training for oral health practices.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Bronchial Asthma among Adult Patients in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia 2018: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Tegegnework ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Alebachew Demelash
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Abstract Objective Bronchial asthma is one of the major public health challenges throughout the world that negatively impact patients, families and community. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of bronchial asthma among patients in adult emergency department of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used among 257 study participants. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by using pretested and structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of asthma. Results Prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was 29.6%. Being an urban resident (AOR: 1.5: 95%CI: 1.3 - 3.9), income of household less than 1000 EBr/ month (AOR: 1.7: 95%CI: 1.6 - 4.1), having family history of asthma (AOR: 2.7: 95%CI: 1.3 - 5.8), and presence of vermin in the house (AOR: 2.4: 95%CI: 1.2 – 4.7) were significantly associated with bronchial asthma. The authors concluded that the prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was high. Therefore, educational program about the risk factors and preventive measures of asthma is highly recommended.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on non-communicable morbidity among bank employees of Davangere City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Ruchi Dhar ◽  
Ritu Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
High Level

Background: Bank employees are an occupational group of people, experiencing both sedentary life-style and high level of stress in terms of handling financial aspects in their workplace. Thus, making bank employees vulnerable to develop non- communicable diseases. So far, very few studies have been done on bank employees to highlight the magnitude of Non-communicable morbidity and its risk factors. Hence, this study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable morbidity among the bank employees of Davangere city.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 bank employees of Davangere city. All the study subjects were selected by using probability proportionate to size technique. Data was collected by using pre-tested, semi-structure questionnaire. Height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured and recorded. Data was analyzed by using MS Excel and Open-Epi Info software version 2.2. Statistical test employed was chi-square and weightage of risk factors was calculated by mean.Results: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity was 30.3%, 2.1% and 31.8% respectively.Conclusions: This study highlights the burden of non-communicable morbidity among bank employees. 

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO HIPERTENSI PADA SISWA SMU ADABIAH DI KOTA PADANG

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Delmi Sulastri ◽  
Sidhi Sidhi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakHipertensi pada anak dan remaja sudah merupakan masalah kesehatan mesyarakat yang ada di Indonesia maupun di beberapa negara yang ada di dunia. Hampir 95% kasus hipertensi tidak diketahui penyebabnya atau disebut hipertensi esensial. Beberapa faktor risiko diduga berhubungan dengan peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi ini.Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional study pada siswa SMU Adabiah yang berusia antara 15 tahun sampai 18 tahun, bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan faktor risiko riwayat keturunan, obesitas, aktifitas fisik dan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi. Sampel sebanyak 61 orang, kemudian dilakukan wawancara mengenai karakteristik, riwayat keturunan, aktifitas fisik dan kebiasaan merokok serta pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan antropometri. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square serta ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel, gambar dan narasi.Hasil penelitian ini adalah 66.7% siswa mengalami obese, 20.7% mempunyai keturunan hipertensi, 30% dengan aktifitas fisik rendah dan 33.3% mempunyai kebiasaan merokok mengalami hipertensi.Tidak didapat hubungan antara obesitas, riwayat keturunan dan aktifitas fisik dengan kejadian hipertensi dan terdapat hubungan antara merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi (p=0.033).Perlu dilakukan kebijakan yang mengatur tentang peraturan merokok pada anak remaja.Kata kunci : Hipertensi, Riwayat keturunan dan ObesitasAbstractHypertension in children and adolescents is a health problem of the community is in Indonesia as well as in several countries of the world. Almost 95% of the hypertension cases have no cause yet identified or it can be referred to as essential hypertension. Some of the risk factors associated with an increased prevalenceofhypertension. . A research has be made based on cross sectional study study with a cross sectional study Adabiah high school students aged between 15 years to 18 years. The aims to examine the relationship of risk factors history of heredity, obesity, physical activity and smoking habits with the incidence of hypertension. Sample of 61 people were interviewed about the characteristics, history of heredity, physical activity and smoking habits and blood pressure and anthropometry. The dataARTIKEL PENELITIAN148obtained were then analyzed using the chi-square test and displayed in the form of tables, figuresandnarratives.The results of this study were 66.7% of students had obese, 20.7% had a descendants of hypertension, 30% with low physical activity, and 33.3% having ever smoked had hipertensi.Tidak obtained relationship between obesity, a history of heredity and physical activity with the incidence of hypertension and the relationship between smoking with the incidence of hypertension (p = 0033). There needs to be policy regarding smoking regulations in adolescents. Key word : Hypertension, Heredity and Obesity

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of bronchial asthma among adult patients in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia 2018: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Alebachew Demelash
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective Bronchial asthma is one of the major public health challenges throughout the world that negatively impact patients, families and community. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of bronchial asthma among patients in adult emergency department of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used among 257 study participants. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by using pretested and structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of asthma. Results Prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was 29.6%. Being an urban resident (AOR: 1.5: 95% CI 1.3–3.9), income of household less than 1000 EBr/month (AOR: 1.7: 95% CI 1.6–4.1), having family history of asthma (AOR: 2.7: 95% CI 1.3–5.8), and presence of vermin in the house (AOR: 2.4: 95% CI 1.2–4.7) were significantly associated with bronchial asthma. The authors concluded that the prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was high. Therefore, educational program about the risk factors and preventive measures of asthma is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Epilepsi pada Anak Palsi Serebral

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
M Luthfi Suhaimi ◽  
Iskandar Syarif ◽  
Eva Chundrayetti ◽  
Rahmi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Pada anak yang menderita palsi serebral kemungkinan akan mengalami peningkatan risiko terjadinya epilepsy. Setiap perubahan pada otak dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya epilepsi dengan berbagai manifestasi klinis. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko dengan terjadinya epilepsi pada anak palsi serebral di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Metode: Desain peneltian ini adalah cross-sectional study yang dilaksanakan pada Agustus 2018 sampai Desember 2019. Subjek palsi serebral diperoleh secara consecutive sampling, dengan jumlah minimal 60 subjek. Faktor risiko yang diteliti meliputi asfiksia, persalinan vakum ekstraksi, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas dan kejang neonatal. Uji statistik menggunakan Chi-square test dan Fisher’s exact test, dengan batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil: Pada 60 pasien palsi serebral, ditemukan 39 pasien (65%) menderita epilepsi dan 21 pasien (35%) tidak menderita epilepsi. Perbandingan jenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki 1,2:1. Epilepsi umum merupakan tipe epilepsi yang paling banyak ditemukan (76,9%), pengobatan secara politerapi hampir sama banyak dengan monoterapi. Asfiksia, persalinan vakum ekstraksi, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas dan kejang neonatal tidak bermakna sebagai faktor risiko epilepsi pada anak palsi serebral. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asfiksia, persalinan vakum ekstraksi, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas dan kejang neonatal dengan terjadinya epilepsi pada anak palsi serebral.Kata kunci: cerebral palsy, epilepsy, risk factors

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