Assessment of tooth wear and its associated factors in adult patients visiting a dental hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Rojin Joshi ◽  
S Gautam ◽  
B Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dentinal Hypersensitivity

Tooth wear is a universal consequence of aging. It is an irreversible, multifactorial and destructive loss of dental hard tissues caused by either a mechanical or chemical process in the absence of caries or trauma. It can be a physiological and age dependent process. The risk factors that contribute to tooth wear are diet, bruxism, environment, occupation, oral health behaviour, acid regurgitation and use of tobacco. This study was done to find out if there is an association between tooth wear and its associated factors. So that we can educate the patients about the various factors causing tooth wear and minimise it. This cross sectional study was done amongst 339 patients. The clinical assessment of tooth wear was done using tooth wear index developed by Smith & Knight. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to seek information on risk factors of tooth wear. All patients were categorised into one of the following groups: Low Tooth Wear group, Moderate Tooth Wear group, Severe Tooth Wear group based on their individual tooth wear surface scores. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test and descriptive statistics were calculated. We can see that the severity of tooth wear increases with age i.e, p≤0.05 which is statistically significant. Patients with self reported tooth sensitivity (60.5%) had a higher total tooth wear score than those who didn’t (39.5%) and the result was statistically significant. The results of our study show that tooth wear is a consequence of aging and there is an association between tooth wear and dentinal hypersensitivity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tooth Wear and its Causative Risk Factors Amongst Patients Attending Dental Hospital of Karachi

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Aneeqa Shahab ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Dental Hospital

OBJECTIVE: Tooth wear is a term defined as the loss of dental hard tissue in a damaged tooth if there is no existing dental caries or trauma. Tooth wear rarely exists alone and is observed clinically and experimentally in combination. Excessive tooth wear leads to hypersensitivity and exposed dentin. Tooth wear can be classified as attrition, erosion, abrasion. The frequency of normal tooth preservation is greater than ever, thus a better prevalence of tooth wear is experiential in the population. Therefore, the objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate tooth wear and its causative risk factors amongst patients attending the Dental Hospital of Karachi. METHODOLOGY: The current study was a cross-sectional study conducted on adult patients recruited from the Out-Patient Department of Oral Diagnosis from May 2018 - December 2018. A consecutive sampling method was used and 250 adult patients aged 18-45 years were included. Tooth wear was assessed by using Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index (TWI index).Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS, frequency, percentages were calculated, and a chi-square test was performed to find the association between gender and risk factors. RESULTS: The subject populations of 250 were assessed. Out of which 178 were male (71.2%) and 72 (28.8%) were female with age ranging between 18 to 48 years old. In this study, 92.4% of them were suffering from tooth wear and only 31.2% have extended to the severe stage of the tooth surface loss. CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that there is an association between tooth wear and its risk factors. KEYWORDS: Tooth Wear; Dental Wear; Tooth Wear Indices; Sensitivity and Specificity; Risk Factors.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE OF ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION AND IT'S CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL COMPLICATIONS AT AIIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Ravikirti Ravikirti ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension, its risk factors and complications is very poorly understood therefore it goes undiagnosed and untreated for a long time. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > 140 and diastolic ≤ 90 mmHg ) in elderly (above the age of 60 years)and to find out any other associated risk factors, any end organ complications, specially cardiac through electrocardiography and echocardiography and on kidney through creatinine clearance. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken on patients attending the outdoor department and indoor department of medicine. The study group comprised of 75 elderly patients who had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Using Chi square test correlation of age with stage of BP, association of risk factors with ISH and Stage III BP and ECG changes with LVH calculated. It concluded that ISH associated with risk factors has definite effect mainly on cardiac in terms of LV hypertrophy and on kidney in terms of reduced creatinine clearance and is an even better predictor of mortalityand morbidity than is diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS GERIATRIC HEALTH AND THE ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihin ◽  
Nuria Syafira Abd Muttalib ◽  
Nur Syahirah Azmi ◽  
Zahra Najwa Mohd Zin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical Learning ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Basic Medical

Comprehensive care towards geriatric health can be sustained by having good knowledge and attitude among the providers. Hence, this research aims to measure the knowledge and attitude of the final year medical students towards geriatric health and determine the associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students using structured questionnaires of Geriatric-Attitude-Scale and Palmore-Facts-on-Aging-Quiz was used. Data was analysed using Mann Whitney U test, Chi square test and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis for the association between the score and studied variables. Median score of students’ knowledges is at 14.00 (IQR 13.00) and mean score for attitude is 48.52 (+5.53) respectively. Place of residence (P= 0.01) and presence of grandparents (P= 0.04) were the significant factors that affected knowledge of students towards geriatrics while number of siblings (P= 0.05) influenced attitudes of students towards geriatrics. Improvement of current geriatric curriculum should be done with more refined implementation of gerontology course in the basic medical learning.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Shenzhen, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Xia Chang ◽  
Kang-Kang Chen ◽  
Xiao-Ting Liu ◽  
Hao-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Meng-Man Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and proportion of laboratory-confirmed urethral Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections that were asymptomatic among individuals presenting to different clinics in Shenzhen and the risk factors related to STI infections in this population.Methods In a cross-sectional study, 8,309 eligible individuals were invited to participate in a questionnaire interview, and urine specimens were collected for identification of CT and NG infections. Corresponding outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.Results Among 7070 participants who completed the questionnaire and provided the urine specimen, 2871 were asymptomatic and included in our analyses: 1120 (39.0%) males and 1751 (61.0%) females. The prevalence of NG and CT was 0.9% and 6.2% among males reporting no symptoms, and 0.4% and 7.9% among females reporting no symptoms, respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic urethral CT among males with urethral CT was 28.3%; for females, it was 34.2%. For asymptomatic males with urethral NG/CT, 3 independent risk factors were identified: (1) males under the age of 30 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.07-2.84); (2) being employed in the commercial service work (2.69; 1.33-5.45); and (3) being recruited through the urological department (2.18; 1.24-3.83). For asymptomatic females with urethral NG/CT, 2 independent risk factors were identified: (1) females under the age of 30 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.25-2.58); and (2) being recruited through the dermatological department (2.83; 1.46-5.46).Conclusion A substantial prevalence of asymptomatic CT infections was found among males and females presenting to clinics in Shenzhen. The significant correlation between asymptomatic CT infection and these risk factors could help identify high-risk populations and guide screening.

scholarly journals Exploring health literacy in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mei ◽  
Qing Zhong ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
Yuanxia Huang ◽  
Junlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background In recent years, research on health literacy has become increasingly focused on the health care system and public health. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate health literacy and analyse the risk factors that affect health literacy in Wuhan, China. Methods Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 5304 urban and rural residents aged 15 to 69 years from 204 monitoring points in 15 districts of Wuhan. Using the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) (2018 edition), a face-to-face survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Risk factors that may affect health literacy were assessed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The knowledge rate of health literacy was relatively low (19.3%). The knowledge rate of health-related behaviour and lifestyle (BAL, 17.3%) was the lowest of the three aspects of health literacy, and the knowledge rate of chronic diseases (CD, 19.0%) was the lowest of the six dimensions of health literacy. Respondents who lived in urban areas, had higher education levels, worked as medical staff, had a higher household income and did not suffer from chronic diseases were likely to have higher health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy levels of citizens in Wuhan are insufficient and need to improve.

scholarly journals Association between the Use of Alternative Medicine and Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perez-Sosa Abigail M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Cost

Background: Diabetes mellitus 2 (T2D) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in northern Mexico. Various treatments are used to control the disease; however, the cost of these and the difficulty of dietary management have as a consequence that the patient abandons them and looks for cheaper and easier-to-use alternatives. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of alternative medicine and adherence to medical treatment in patients with T2D. Design and Setting: Analytic cross-sectional study. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was designed between March and July 2019 including 464 patients with T2D from the family medicine unit #48 Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. We used the Morisky-Green scale for adherence to treatment and the use of Alternative Medicine (CAM) was evaluated with a holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. The Chi-Square test was used for comparison of proportions and risk factors were calculated using odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 53% of patients use CAM; biological therapy (herbs and supplements) is the most frequent (94%). The association between CAM use and adherence to medical treatment was 2.1 (95% CI 1.4-3.1, p= 0.001). The risk factors for the use of CAM were female sex, basic level education, uncontrolled disease and a time of evolution greater than 10 years. Conclusion: CAM users are 2.1 times more at risk of having a regular or bad adherence to medical treatment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA IN WORK AREA HEALTH DISTRICT CHARMING CITY Sidomulyo PEKANBARU

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Chairil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Continuity Correction ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of the diseases that get priority eradication program because of the high morbidity and caused many deaths. In an effort to decrease the morbidity due to diarrhea important to know the factors that become menyebab incidence of the disease include the state of the environment, disease vector, personal hygiene, snack habits, and health services. The research was done at Village West Sidomulyo Tuah Karya and Sidomulyo subdistrict Puskesmas Handsome that during the period of the last 4-6 months of diarrhea always get into the top 10 diseases. The research objective was to determine the relationship between risk factors with the incidence of diarrhea. The study was a cross sectional study, using a questionnaire. Sampling was done by randomsampling, some 96 respondents. Results of research for the environmental health situation no association with diarrhea because of the test results chi-square statistic with continuity correction values obtained p = (1.00)> α = (0.05), disease-carrying vector no association with diarrhea because of test results chi-square statistic with continuity correction values obtained p = (1.00)> α = (0.05), there is no relationship between personal hygiene with diarrhea, because of the results of statistical chi-square test with continuity correction values obtained p = (0.69)> α = (0.05), there was no relationship between snacks at roadside with diarrhea, because of the results of statistical chi-square test with continuity correction values obtained p = (1.00)> α = (0, 05) there is no relationship between counseling with diarrhea, because of the results of statistical chi-square test with continuity correction values obtained p = (0.42)> α = (0.05), the variables being researched nothing to do with diarrhea , but it diskritif there, it is to note could be a risk for diarrhea will occur, it is necessary to promotive and preventive efforts. 

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors in primary schoolchildren in Lokossa, Benin: a cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Sagbo ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽  
Aline Bárbara Pereira Costa ◽  
Larissa Loures Mendes ◽  
Nagham Khanafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Height For Age

ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of stunting and thinness and sociodemographic, household, family, dietary, and scholar associated factors in schoolchildren living in Lokossa-Benin. Methods: a survey conducted in a probabilistic sample (n=615) of primary schoolchildren (8-17 years), from 12/2018 to 01/2019, using structured questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. Thinness and stunting were defined as Height-for-age and Body Mass Index-for-age below-2 standard deviations, respectively. Associations were estimated by chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: thinness and stunting prevalence was 13.1% (95%CI:9.0-18.7) and 25.5% (95%CI:20.6-31.2), respectively. Odds of thinness were higher among older schoolchildren and those who experienced hunger at school. Odds of stunting increased with age, low diet diversity, experiencing hunger at school, and having school meal five days a week (OR:2.09; 95%CI:1.29-3.36). Conclusions: stunting was the most common problem. Older schoolchildren and those with food deprivation or poor diet diversity were the most affected.

scholarly journals A Study of Prevalence of Worm Infestation and Associated Risk Factors among the School Children of Dharan, Eastern Region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
R. B. Sah ◽  
P. K. Pokharel ◽  
I. S. Paudel ◽  
A. Acharya ◽  
N. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worm Infestation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Very High

<strong>Background:</strong>Worm infestation has remained major zoonotic diseases in Nepal especially among children.<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To measure the prevalence of worm infestation and to identify risk factors associated with worm infestation among the school children of Dharan.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was conducted among school children of Dharan. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and worm infestation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children was 11.3 percent. Taenia species was found very high (5.3%) in comparison to other worms i.e. Hookworm (2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1%), Hymenolepsis nana (0.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of worm infestation although slight indications present.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children has remained high.</p>

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