THE ESSENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INSTITUTION OF PROBATION IN UKRAINE AND POST-SOVIET STATES (BY THE CASE OF RUSSIA, LATVIA)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Romanov ◽  
◽  
Maryna Kakhnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Working Out

The article analyses measures constituting the content of probation in Ukraine. The authors concluded that the introduction of the institution of probation in Ukraine was guided by authorities’ determination to solve the problem of employment for the released detainees and decrease their reoffending rate. In Ukraine, probation is exercised at three levels: pre-trial, supervisory and penitentiary. Pre-trial probation provides the court with formalized information about the accused is based on the assumption that crime as a socially dangerous act should not be considered by the court in isolation from the person who committed it. Supervisory probation intends to undertake supervisory, social and educational measures towards persons sentenced to certain punishments specified by law. Penitentiary probation assists the convicts who are preparing to be released from prisons with determining places of their residence after their release, providing them with in-patient services in health centres, and other things aimed at their adaptation in the society. The institution of probation was concluded to have a positive economic effect in terms of the state as the person staying in the society continues to pay taxes and tend to decrease the crime rate. For a person who has committed a crime, this is a chance to correct his behaviour, and retain his social ties, work and family. For the society, it means the existence of fair justice to maintain balance between punishment and the interests of the society. The article considers the drawbacks of probation in Ukraine such as insufficient level of transparency in the operation of the probation body and the violations by the staff of this institution (improper social and educational work with convicts, a formal approach to working out the individual plans on convicts), which significantly reduce its efficiency. The authors also examined the system of social adaptation of convicts in Russia, analysed the features of the probation system in Latvia having revealed the common and distinctive features in relation with those in Ukraine and offered improvements for the Ukrainian system of probation.

Understanding the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation Combined With Aromatherapy, to Enhance the Wellbeing of MCAST ICS Lecturers: A Narrative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-39
Author(s):  
Nadia Cauchi
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Narrative Study ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mindful Meditation ◽  
The Individual

This study looks at the effects of the combined practice of mindful meditation and aromatherapy on the wellbeing of MCAST ICS lecturers, potentially providing resources that can help them deal with various stressors. Each practice is supported with literature underlining its effects towards a holistic wellbeing. The researcher uses a qualitative narrative inquiry approach to draw meaning and understanding out of the participants’ experiences. Three MCAST ICS lecturers participated in this study. Their background in health care enables them to relate better with the benefits of mindful meditation and aromatherapy. The research design of this study consists of four stages; a pre-session held with the three participants, weekly mindful meditation sessions for six weeks, individual interviews with each participant, followed by a focus group. Three of the six sessions included aromatherapy and a mindful journal was kept throughout the sessions. The analysis format could either develop as an analysis of narrative or narrative of analysis. In this study both formats were used, however, due to the word count limit only the analysis of narrative is seen. The researcher elicited whole segments from the individual transcripts to develop various themes. To examine the data for the emergent themes the researcher chose to use thematic narrative analysis as it focuses on the ‘told’ (Riessman 2008). In this case the ‘told’ is what helped identify the common patterns found across the narratives. As themes started to emerge, whenever possible the researcher used the MAXQDA software to facilitate the process. Mindful meditation was found to lead to a series of events that enhance self-awareness, thus enhancing holistic wellbeing and positively effecting the individual’s approach towards work and family. This can be achieved because mindful meditation has the potential to enhance one’s social skills, soft skills, and emotional intelligence. Furthermore, combining aromatherapy with mindful meditation was found to positively enhance one’s experience. However, it was not the only decisive factor since the ambience was also an influencer.

Domestic violence and bullying: features of qualification and efficiency of liability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Roman Myronyuk ◽  
Mykola Repan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

The article examines the problems of distinguishing bullying from domestic violence, highlights a number of similar features of these acts - physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence and the distinctive features - the place of commission, the range of subjects, methods of commission. A comparative description of the legal features of domestic violence and bullying, identified their features, in the presence of which the identification of these illegal acts, which is important for their quali-?ication in practice in order to identify and apply the most effective measures of legal responsibility for their commission. Such obligatory signs of domestic violence as: violence is always carried out with the previous intention, ie intentionally are allocated; the act of the offender must be illegal, ie contrary to the laws of Ukraine; actions prevent effective self-defense; actions violate the rights and freedoms of the individual; violent actions cause harm (physical, moral, psychological, material) to another person; Victims of domestic violence can be both family members and other persons who are related by common life, have mutual rights and responsibilities, provided they live together; systematic (repeatability) of the act (for criminal proceedings). Distinctive signs of bullying are found out: systematicity (repeatability) of action; presence of the parties - the offender (buller), the victim (victim of bullying), observers (if any); violence is always carried out with intent, ie intentionally; actions or omissions of the offender, the consequence of which is harm; the actions of the offender violate the rights and freedoms of the individual. The common features of domestic violence and bullying are identified: power and control over the victim; intent to harm, ie the offender intentionally inflicts emotional or physical pain on the victim; the threat of further aggression, ie the offender and the victim understand that this is not the first and not the last case of bullying. The common features of domestic violence and bullying are identified: power and control over the victim; intent to harm, ie the offender intentionally inflicts emotional or physical pain on the victim; the threat of further aggression, ie the offender and the victim understand that this is not the first and not the last case of bullying.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL BASIS OF CORRECTION AND EXCITABLE WORK WITH THE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Sereda
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Individual

Corrective and educational work is considered as a system of complex measures of psychological and pedagogical influence on various features of anomalous development of the individual as a whole, since each defect negatively affects not only a separate mental function, but also reduces the social adaptation of the child in all its manifestations. In the technological aspect, the correctional and educational process has its own specificity, depending on the particulars of the child and the chosen learning option for her. In general education, modern methods and technologies typical for the educational process of a secondary school can be effectively applied: technology of upbringing a successful person, collective creative affairs, personal development technology, training, interactive, information and communication technologies, etc. In the case of a complex defect in a child, or a combination of several defects, when training is conducted in a compensatory-adaptive or abolition variant, the leading advocates are medical correction and health-saving technologies. Separately allocated technologies which can be successfully applied at any type of training, for example, gaming and technologies of art therapy. The effectiveness of the correctional direction of education can be assessed by the following criteria: qualitative and quantitative easing of the structure of the defect; correction of defects and transition of corrected defects to positive opportunities of the child; conscious use of the children's experience; accumulation and positive change in personality properties.

The Red Neuronal Pigment in the Nervous System of the Mussel, Mytilus Edulis: Localization and Its Effect on Lateral Ciliary Activity with Spectral and Analytical Changes

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cryostat Sections

The purpose of this study was to localize the red neuronal pigment in Mytilus edulis and examine its role in the control of lateral ciliary activity in the gill. The visceral ganglia (Vg) in the central nervous system show an over al red pigmentation. Most red pigments examined in squash preps and cryostat sec tions were localized in the neuronal cell bodies and proximal axon regions. Unstained cryostat sections showed highly localized patches of this pigment scattered throughout the cells in the form of dense granular masses about 5-7 um in diameter, with the individual granules ranging from 0.6-1.3 um in diame ter. Tissue stained with Gomori's method for Fe showed bright blue granular masses of about the same size and structure as previously seen in unstained cryostat sections.Thick section microanalysis (Fig.l) confirmed both the localization and presence of Fe in the nerve cell. These nerve cells of the Vg share with other pigmented photosensitive cells the common cytostructural feature of localization of absorbing molecules in intracellular organelles where they are tightly ordered in fine substructures.

Interrelation of Architectural Concepts and Principles of Artificial Lighting in the Moscow Concert Hall Zaryadye

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Maria M. Ilyevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Concert Hall ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Formal Features

The article is focused on the analysis of the Zaryadye Concert Hall building in Moscow in terms of the significance of artificial lighting for the creation of the imagery and perception of this facility within the typology of entertainment music-oriented buildings. Through the example of modern places of entertainment, the author reveals a number of formal features (typological attributes), which, being common to buildings of this function, constitute the basis of their image and become obvious due to the realized lighting concept. The interpretation of these attributes in the interaction of architectural planning and lighting concepts in the Zaryadye Concert Hall is traced. In conclusion, the distinctive features of the building under consideration are determined. At the same time, they reflect a new understanding of concert halls as a building type, the changes related to the overall development of architecture, as well as the elements of the individual architectural language.

What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Yuengert
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals Age-Graded Transitions and Turning Points in Polish Offenders’ Criminal Careers from the Standpoint of Life Course Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6010
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pękala ◽  
Andrzej Kacprzak ◽  
Piotr Chomczyński ◽  
Jakub Ratajczak ◽  
Michał Marczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Life Course Theory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
First Time

Both juvenile and adult criminal careers show regularities in the origins of delinquency, the dynamics of the criminal pathway, and the turning points that lead to desistance/persistence in crime. Research shows that family, education, and friendship environments contribute significantly to the individual choices that create criminal biographies. Our aim was to apply core aspects of life course theory (LCT): trajectory, the aged-graded process, transitions, institutions, and ultimately how desistance/persistence factor into explaining the criminal careers of Polish offenders. The research is based on in-depth interviews (130) carried out with both offenders (90) and experts (40). The offenders were divided into two groups: 30 were juveniles, and 60 were adults of whom half were sentenced for the first time (30) and half were recidivists (30) located in correctional institutions or released. The experts group (40) includes psychologists, educators, social rehabilitators, and prison and juvenile detention personnel working with offenders. We used triangulation of researcher, data, and methodology. Our data revealed that similar biographical experiences characterized by an early socialization, family and friends-based circles laid the groundwork for their entry and continued participation in criminal activity. Juvenile and adult first-time sentenced offenders led criminal careers significantly different from those of recidivists, who faced problems with social adaptation caused by lack of family and institutional support.

Embeddedness and entrepreneurial traditions

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elo ◽  
Leo-Paul Dana
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Context Specific

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how entrepreneurship traditions evolve in diaspora. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple case study examining the role of diaspora embeddedness, extended family, ethno-religious-, cultural- and social ties and relevant structures shaping diaspora entrepreneurship. Findings The authors found that social ties and diaspora embeddedness create dynamism fostering entrepreneurial identity as a part of the Bukharian culture, and as a preferred career option in the context of Bukharian Jews in diaspora. Diasporic family businesses are products of culture and tradition that migrate to new locations with families and communities, not as disconnected business entities. Research limitations/implications The ways in which families nurture a highly entrepreneurial culture that transfers across generations and contexts are context-specific and not per se generalizable to other diasporas. Practical implications Diasporans often continue their traditions and become again entrepreneurs after their settlement, or they may generate hybrid, circular solutions that allow them to employ their competences in the new contexts or connecting various contexts. This calls for transnational entrepreneurship-policymaking. Social implications Time changes diasporas. A long-term commitment to the business environment evolves and reduces the mobility of the individual diasporan; typically the children of these migrants become more integrated and develop divergent career paths. Hence, their plans are not necessarily including family entrepreneurship creating a challenge for continuation of the original culture of entrepreneurship. Originality/value Despite a notable tradition in Jewish studies, there is limited research on Jewish entrepreneurial diaspora and its contemporary entrepreneurial identity and tradition. Furthermore, the population of Bukharian Jews is an unknown and under-explored highly entrepreneurial group that may offer instrumental views to larger diasporic audiences being concerned about maintaining notions of ethnic heritage and identity.

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