Innovative technologies of irrigation reclamation in the production of potatoes and vegetables

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
А.Е. Касьянов
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Control System ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Moisture Meter ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
High Yields

В зонах дефицита естественного увлажнения (Краснодарский, Ставропольский края, Саратовская, Волгоградская, Астраханская области) высокие урожаи картофеля и овощей можно получать только на орошаемых землях. В зонах неустойчивого естественного увлажнения (Центрально-Черноземный район, Центральный район, Алтайский край) оросительные мелиорации обеспечивают получение стабильных и высоких урожаев этих культур. С 2005 по 2020 годы площадь орошаемых земель в России увеличилась с 4,55 до 4,63 млн га. Орошаемые площади в основном увеличивались за счет овощных полей. На орошаемых землях начинают использовать дистанционные технологии зондирования с. – х. земель. По сигналам частотных каналов определяют нормализованный разностный вегетационный индекс NDVI, индекс влажности поверхности Земли LSWI. Известные технологии не позволяют дистанционно установить сроки поливов овощных культур и картофеля. Предлагаемая технология включает создание маркерных участков, установление сроков поливов массива орошения по индексам NDVI зондирования растений маркерного участка. Размещали не менее одного маркерного участка на 100 га. Площадь маркерного участка не менее 200 м2. Норма внесения азотных удобрений на маркерном участке на 50–70% превышает норму внесения удобрений на остальном массиве орошения. На маркерном участке отмечали интенсивное подвядание листьев растений при NDVI менее 0,4. В этот момент назначали полив всего массива орошения. Особенности технологии показаны на результатах математического моделирования динамики NDVI, влажности почвы на маркерном участке и массиве орошения в условиях Саратовской области. Культура – картофель, нормы внесения удобрений на массиве орошения – N40P30K35, на маркерном участке – N65P30K35, урожайность – 39 т/га, почвы каштановые, среднесуглинистые, климатические показатели среднемноголетние. Определение индекса NDVI по сигналам зондирования, установление сроков поливов выполняется с использованием данных градиентного влагомера влажности почвы и технологии обучения искусственного интеллекта системы управления орошением. Программно-инструментальный комплекс, включающий маркерный участок, градиентный влагомер и искусственный интеллект системы управления орошением обеспечат экологическую безопасность и высокую эффективность производства картофеля и овощей. In zones of deficiency of natural moisture (Krasnodar, Stavropol territories, Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions) high yields of potatoes and vegetables can be obtained only on irrigated lands. In zones of unstable natural moisture (Central Black Earth region, Central region, Altai territory) irrigation reclamation ensures stable and high yields of these crops. From 2005 to 2020, the area of irrigated lands in Russia increased from 4.55 to 4.63 million ha. Irrigated areas were mainly increased due to vegetable fields. Remote sensing technologies for agricultural land are beginning to be used on irrigated lands. The signals of the frequency channels are used to determine the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI, the moisture index of the Earth's surface LSWI. The known technologies do not allow remotely setting the timing of watering vegetables and potatoes. The proposed technology includes the creation of marker plots, the establishment of the timing of irrigation of the irrigation array according to the NDVI indices of plant sounding of the marker plot. Place at least one marker plot per 100 hectares. The area of the marker plot is not less than 200 m2. The rate of application of nitrogen fertilizers on the marker plot is 50–70% higher than the rate of application of fertilizers on the rest of the irrigation area. In the marker plot, there is an intense wilting of plant leaves with an NDVI less than 0.4. At this moment, watering of the entire irrigation array is scheduled. The features of the technology are shown on the results of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of NDVI, soil moisture on the marker plot and the irrigation array in the Saratov region. Crop – potatoes, fertilization rates on the irrigated array – N40P30K35, on the marker plot – N65P30K35, yield – 39 t/ha, chestnut soils, medium loamy, climatic indicators are average long-term. Determination of the NDVI index based on sounding signals, setting the timing of irrigation is performed using data from a gradient soil moisture meter and artificial intelligence training technology for an irrigation control system. A software and instrumental complex including a marker section, a gradient moisture meter and an artificial intelligence of the irrigation control system will ensure environmental safety and high efficiency in the production of potatoes and vegetables.

WATER CONSUMPTION OF WINTER TRITICALE DURING SEED PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION DEPENDING ON THE APPLIED FERTILIZER TYPES AND RATES ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
K. S. Fundirat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigated Lands

 The irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine determine the level of total water consumption, the coefficient of water consumption, depending on the types and rates of applied fertilizers during the seed productivity formation of winter triticale. Actuality. Winter triticale as a crop is considered to be insufficiently studied under irrigation, and the Bogadarske variety for seed has not been cultivated before. In this regard, studying the water consumption of triticale when cultivated on seeds, as well as the influence of different rates and types of fertilizers on water consumption, is an important task under climate change on irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, which in future may serve as a starting point for improving the adaptability of the crops in this region. The purpose of the research was to establish the water consumption features of winter triticale crop, depending on the type and rates of fertilizers on irrigated lands in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted in 2013-2016 at the Institute of Irrigation Agriculture of the NAAS in the Ingulets Irrigation System. The soil of the experimental field is dark chestnut medium loam, slightly saline with a humus content of 2.3 %, density - 1.3 g/cm3, withering point - 9.8 %, minimum moisture-holding capacity - 22.4 %. Soil moisture at the experimental sites was determined to a depth of 1.0 m by the thermostat-weighted method in two non-adjoining repetitions. Total water consumption for separate periods of vegetation was determined by the method of water balance, taking into account the initial and final moisture reserve and the amount of precipitation during the period of vegetation. The coefficient of water consumption was established by the ratio of total water consumption for the period of vegetation to the seed yield of winter triticale. Irrigation was performed using a sprinkler unit Dual Console Sprinkler, taking into account a meteorological index and maintaining the soil moisture in the layer of 0-50 cm at 70% of the minimum moisture-holding capacity. Results. Based on the study results the total water consumption, depending on the rates and types of fertilizers, ranged from 3121 to 3258 m3/ha. Despite the fact that water consumption increased as a result of applying fertilizers, but due to higher yields, water consumption for the formation of 1 t of seeds was smaller. Thus, the coefficient of water consumption on the control (reference site) was 867 m3/t. On the variants where nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the rates of N30 – 696-699 m3/t and N60– 686-689 m3/t in an early spring period the plants of winter triticale fed with ammonium nitrate or CAMs consumed moisture more efficiently. On average, from 2013 to 2016, at the background of applying N60P60 and other nitrogen fertilizers of various types and in different rates during the cultivation of winter triticale, about 3.86-5.24 t/ha of seed material were received. Conclusions. It was established that the total water consumption depended on fertilizer application rates and ranged from 3121 to 3258 m3/ha. The moisture was used the most effectively (686-689 m3/t) on the variants where against the  background of applying N60P60 an early spring feeding with ammonium nitrate or a carbamide-ammonium mixture (UAM) in a dose of N60 was performed. At the same time, the highest yield of seeds was obtained - 5,19 and 5,24 t/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals Kajian Aplikasi Alat Penyiraman Otomatis dengan Sistem Irigasi Tetes Berbasis Perubahan Kadar Air Tanah pada Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica chinensis L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-307
Author(s):  
Khairunnisak Khairunnisak ◽  
Devianti Devianti ◽  
Mustafril Mustafril
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Control System ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Brassica Chinensis ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak. Pemberian air irigasi secara berlebihan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan air tanaman akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Salah satu model irigasi yang memungkinkan untuk mengatur jumlah air sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman adalah sistem irigasi tetes. Penjadwalan irigasi secara otomatis sangat mendukung disaat cuaca yang susah diprediksi akibat adanya perubahan iklim global. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kinerja mikrokontroler pada sistem irigasi tetes yang mampu bekerja secara otomatis berdasarkan perubahan kadar air tanah pada tanaman pakcoy. Penelitian  ini dilakukan di desa Lambhuk, Kecamatan Ulee Kareng, Kota Banda Aceh dengan ketinggian lahan 3,8 m di atas permukaan laut dengan ordo tanah regosol. Metode penilitian yang digunakan adalah tahap persiapan yaitu pengambilan sampel tanah untuk dianalisis di laboratorium, pembuatan jaringan sistem irigasi tetes, persemaian benih pakcoy, persiapan media tanam sebanyak 8 pot tanam, pengkalibrasian sensor kelembaban tanah, persiapan bibit pakcoy serta penanaman, dan pemasangan sistem kontrol irigasi tetes otomatis. Tahap pengamatan yaitu diukur tinggi dan jumlah helai daun pakcoy, dan ditimbang bobot segar pakcoy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem kontrol irigasi tetes otomatis dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman pakcoy berdasarkan penentuan kadar air tanah pada keadaan air tersedia, dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,687. Kinerja alat penyiraman otomatis dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam memberikan air ke tanaman sesuai dengan yang diinginkan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kemampuan alat merespon perubahan kadar air tanah menyebabkan katup terbuka dan tertutup sesuai dengan setpoint yang telah ditentukan. Terdapat hubungan yang erat antara perubahan kadar air tanah terhadap pertumbuhan pakcoy dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,92 dan 0,799, dan terdapat hubungan yang erat antara pemberian air dengan sistem irigasi tetes otomatis terhadap pertumbuhan pakcoy dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,778 dan 0,696. Sistem irigasi tetes otomatis dapat mengurangi pemborosan air irigasi.Study of Application of Automatic Watering Equipment with Drip Irrigation System Based on Changes in Groundwater Level on Pakcoy (Brassica chinensis L.Abstract. Excessive administration of irrigation water that is inconsistent with crop water requirements will affect plant growth and production. One of the irrigation models that allows to regulate the amount of water in accordance with the needs of the plant is the drip irrigation system. Irrigation scheduling automatically is very supportive when the weather is difficult to predict due to global climate change. The purpose of this research is to test the performance of microcontroller in drip irrigation system that can work automatically based on changes in soil moisture content in pakcoy plant. This research was conducted in Lambhuk village, Ulee Kareng sub-district, Banda Aceh city with land height 3,8 m above sea level with regosol land order. The research method used is the preparation phase of soil sampling to be analyzed in the laboratory, the making of drip irrigation system network, the seedbed of pakcoy seed, the preparation of planting media of 8 planting pots, the calibration of soil moisture sensor, the preparation of pakcoy seeds as well as the planting and installation of the irrigation control system Auto drops. Observation phase is measured height and number of leaf of pakcoy leaf, and weighs fresh weight of pakcoy. The result of research indicates that automatic drip irrigation control system can fulfill the water requirement of pakcoy plant based on the determination of ground water level in available water condition, with coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0,687 . The use of automatic drip irrigation control system has an effect on the growth and production of pakcoy. There is a close relationship between soil moisture change to the growth of pakcoy with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.92 and 0.799, and there is a close relationship between water delivery with automatic drip irrigation system to the growth of pakcoy with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.778 and 0.696.

scholarly journals Automated Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Tension Reduces Run-off and Increases Productivity and Quality of Greenhouse-grown Cut Flower Roses

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 533B-533
Author(s):  
Lorence R. Oki ◽  
J. Heinrich Lieth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Control System ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Irrigation Control

Conventional irrigation practices of cut-fl ower greenhouse crops may result in application of excess water, resulting in runoff which may pollute the environment and contaminate drinking water supplies. A computerized irrigation control system based on soil moisture tension, originally designed for potted plants, was adapted for use in cut flower production. Tensiometers equipped with a high-fl ow ceramic tip and pressure transducers were effective in monitoring the soil moisture in the root zone of plants grown in ground beds and responded to rapid changes in soil moisture. The irrigation control system using these sensors, a computer, and custom-written software continuously monitored the moisture condition of the soil, initiated irrigation when the soil dried to a specific level, and turned off the water when an adequate amount was applied. When the system was installed in a greenhouse producing roses, water use decreased while productivity (stems harvested/m2) and stem length increased substantially. The observed increases in productivity and quality can result in significant increases in profitability for commercial rose producers.

scholarly journals Design of Intelligent Water-Saving Irrigation Control System Based On Rainfall Forecast

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
Fan Wu, Lei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Control System ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Rainfall Forecast ◽  
Irrigation Control

Based on the current research on lack of water resources and irrigation in China, on the basis of this paper puts forward a intelligent water-saving irrigation system based on rainfall forecast, designed with sensors and the wireless communication module of sensor nodes, the smart irrigation control system, introduced the local weather forecast, the water demand for crops is analyzed, Determine the optimum soil moisture during the growing season and extend irrigation time; Considering whether it will rain in two days, by the matlab fuzzy logic toolkit, designed the fuzzy controller and fuzzy controller, the rainfall tests show that system can independently according to the crop water requirement and weather forecast information to drive the solenoid valve to complete intelligent irrigation, at the same time send farmland environmental information remote control center to set, broke through the regional restriction, It is of great significance for farmers to check farmland soil moisture information to improve the utilization rate of water resources in China.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENYIRAM OTOMATIS PADA BUDIDAYA TANAMAN SECARA VERTIKULTUR MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Diah Meyshita Utari ◽  
Bambang Marhaenanto ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Control System ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
System Control ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Water Field ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soil Moisture Measurement ◽  
Wilting Point

ABSTRACT The demand was increase each year, but supplies with productions are not belance. This is due by narrowing of agricultural land, verticulture is verticulture is a planting system solution that save agricultural land. Vertical cultivation needs to be treated, such as watering to keep the optimal soil moisture. The wrong watering will make the green mustard productions not maximal and even die. Therefore, this research purpose to design an automatic watering system can help s the treat and control proper watering system . In this research, the automatic control system components have been tried before applied and soil moisture measurement to determine the setpoint value. The results of the trials indicated that components proper to applied on watering verticulture system and soil moisture value 34.11% for the soil water field capacity, 27.86% for temporary wilting point of green mustard. The result of the study indicated that automatic watering system on the set point value, if the soil moisture is less than the lower setpoint value, the pump will be on and if it is more than the upper setpoint value, the pump will be off. This result was successful, because the pump can be on and off match with the settled setpoint value. Key words : Verticulture, automatics watering system, control system arduino, soil moisture ABSTRAK Permintaan meningkat setiap tahun, tetapi persediaan dengan produksi tidak seimbang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penyempitan lahan pertanian, verticulture adalah solusi sistem tanam yang menyelamatkan lahan pertanian. Budidaya vertikal perlu nutrisi yang cukup, seperti penyiraman untuk menjaga kelembaban tanah yang optimal. Penyiraman yang salah akan membuat produksi sawi hijau tidak maksimal dan bahkan mati. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk merancang sistem penyiraman otomatis dapat membantu perlakuan dan kontrol sistem penyiraman yang tepat. Dalam penelitian ini, komponen sistem kontrol otomatis telah dicoba sebelum diterapkan dan pengukuran kelembaban tanah untuk menentukan nilai titik pengaturan. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa komponen yang tepat untuk diterapkan pada sistem penyiraman tanaman dan nilai kelembaban tanah 34,11% untuk kapasitas lapangan air tanah, 27,86% untuk sementara titik layangan mustard hijau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem penyiraman otomatis pada nilai titik setel, jika kelembaban tanah kurang dari nilai SetPoint bawah, pompa akan berada di dan jika itu lebih dari nilai SetPoint atas, pompa akan dimatikan. Hasil ini berhasil, karena pompa dapat on dan off cocok dengan nilai titik pengaturan menetap. Kata kunci: Vertikultur, sistem penyiraman otomatis, sistem kontrol Arduino, kelembaban tanah

Influence of formulations of nitrogen fertilizes on oil flax productivity under conditions of western forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
High Yields

The results of studies on the influence of forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, carbamide-ammonia mixture, ammonium sulfate) on the productivity of oil flax under the conditions of the western forest-steppe are given. In the traditional system of fertilizer, oil flax is not able to provide high yields and quality products. An effective solution to this is optimization of plant nutrition due to its balance, which promotes intensive plant development, makes it possible to actively and efficiently intervene in the process of harvesting and its quality. Therefore, determining the optimal fertilizer rate for oil flax in specific soil-climatic conditions is important for obtaining stable and high yields of culture. The purpose of our research was to determine the contribution of doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers to the productivity of flaxseed oil in the soil-climatic conditions of the western forest-steppe. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 at the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of NAAS in five-point crop rotation with the total area of the plant growing on a gray forest surface glued type of soil In general, four forms of nitrogen fertilizers were studied: ammonia, nitrate, carbamide-ammonia mixture, urea and ammonium sulfate, which were added in doses: N30; N45 one time; and N30 + N15 under pre-sowing cultivation and in the "fir tree" phase against the background of P30K60. The total number of variants was 16. The object of research was a variety of flax oilseed crops of breeding of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS. The seed sowing rate is 6 mln similar seed per hectare. According to the results of three-year studies, the effect of intensification of mineral nitrogen feed and various forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the indices of the elements of productivity and yield of flaxseed oil has been established. In particular, it was found that their use had little effect on the density change of plant stem growth. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in the dose N45 on the background of P30K60 improved plant survival (killed during the vegetation of 0.33-0.42 million pp./ha, which is 5.2-6.3 % for control, where the death observed 0.58 million ppm/ha or 8.4 %)) compared to the N30 dose (0.39-0.49 million pcs/ha). In addition, the use of the dose N45 separately (N30 under cultivation + N15 in the phase of the "fir tree") also improved the survival rate of plants (5.2-5.8 % of dead plants) compared with the simultaneous application of N45 cultivation (5.6-7.1 %) The percentage of deaths grew in control (without fertilizers) - 8.4 % against the background of P30K60 - 7.0 %. The application of various forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizers led to an increase in the control of the elements of productivity. The introduction of N45 against the background of P30K60 contributed to an increase in the number of boxes on plants, according to the variants of fertilizers, this index varied from 14.6 to 18.3 pieces per plant (10.9 - on the control, 12.9 pcs/roll - on the РК background), increasing the amount of seeds per plant by 12.7 pc. per plant, a mass of 1000 seeds per 0.2-0.3 g compared with the control and 0.1-0.2 g compared with the LCD background, where this figure was 6.8 g. On average, over the years of research, the highest productivity of flax seed of oilseed Vodograi (2,27 and 2,48 t / ha) was obtained provided the mineral fertilizer N15P30K60 was applied for cultivation in combination with carbamide feed in the phase of "fir tree" at a dose of N15. When using the nitrogen component in the form of KAS, the gain to control was 1.45 t / ha, to the background - 1.12 t/ha. In control and against the background, this indicator was 1.04 and 1.36 t/ha respectively. When using other forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the background of P30K60, lower yields of flaxseed crops were obtained (1.37-1.38 t/ha). The introduction of the N45 separately (N30 under cultivation + N15 into the "fir tree" phase) generally led to higher performance than a single application for cultivation. Among the studied forms of fertilizers, urea and carbamide-ammonia also caused a slightly higher percentage of fiber content in flax stems, however, it was within the experimental error and was not significantly increased.

Solid-state regioselective nitration of activated hydroxyaromatics and hydroxycoumarins with cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (11) ◽  
pp. 733-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemai C. Ganguly ◽  
Sanjoy Dutta ◽  
Mrityunjoy Datta ◽  
Prithwiraj De
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Melting ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Regioselective Nitration ◽  
Cerium Iv Ammonium Nitrate

Predominant ortho-selective mononitration of low-melting and liquid phenols and hydroxycoumarins in moderate to high yields has been accomplished upon grinding with solid cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN). Microwave-assisted expeditious CAN-mediated nitration of relatively high melting phenols and hydroxycoumarins with high efficiency and selectively under solvent-free conditions has been also developed to address the problems of sluggishness and low yield for these reluctant substrates.

Implementation of Transfer Control Protocol(TCP) Sockets to Monitor Soil Moisture Using Star Topology on Agricultural Land

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Sriyanto Nugroho ◽  
Shafa Auliya Arfiyani ◽  
Arief Nursyahid ◽  
Thomas Agung Setyawan ◽  
Helmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Star Topology ◽  
Control Protocol
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