scholarly journals THE STONE AGE DOLGOE 11 SITE IN THE SAVINSKIY DISTRICT, IVANOVO REGION: FIRST RESULTS OF DATING BY THE OPTICALLY SIMULATED LUMINESCENCE METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
В. А. Аверин ◽  
А. Л. Александровский ◽  
Н. О. Викулова ◽  
Р. Н. Курбанов
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Luminescence Method ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
First Results ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

В статье рассматриваются результаты междисциплинарного исследования малоизвестного в настоящее время археологического памятника Долгое 11. Приводятся детальное литологическое описание разреза, подробные характеристики строения палеопочв, положения четко различимых двух культурных слоев. Археологические материалы из верхнего и нижнего культурных слоев сильно отличаются друг от друга как по сырью, из которого они изготовлены, так и по типологическим и технологическим характеристикам. Абсолютная хронология полученная методом ОСЛ позволила определить возраст нижнего культурного горизонта -около 13,5-14 тыс. л. н. Расселение древних людей в районе стоянки происходило в условиях потепления аллереда, поэтому этот культурный слой коррелируется с палеолитом. Верхний культурный горизонт сформировался уже в голоцене - в эпоху мезолита (около 9 тыс. л. н.), как показало исследование, рельеф стабилизировался в это время из-за повсеместного развития растительности. The article discusses the results of the interdisciplinary study of the presently little-known Dolgoe 11 archaeological site. The materials of the lithological description of the section, detailed characteristics of the structure of paleosols, the positions of clearly distinguished two cultural layers are given. Archaeological materials from the upper and lower cultural layers are very different from each other, both in the raw materials used for their shaping, and in typological and technological characteristics. The absolute chronology from OSL dating allows determine the age of the lower cultural horizon about 13,5-14 thousand years ago. The settlement of humans in the area of the site occurred under the conditions of Allerod warming, therefore, this cultural layer is correlated with Paleolithic. The upper cultural horizon was formed already in the Holocene -in the Mesolithic era (about 9 thousand years ago). during relief stabilisation due to the widespread development of vegetation.

scholarly journals Archaeopetrological approximation to the lithic procurement of the neolithic axes and adzes from Can Sadurní’s cave (Begues, NE Iberian Peninsula)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Rey-Solé ◽  
Gemma Alías ◽  
Mireia Ache ◽  
Elicinia Fierro ◽  
Manel Edo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Contact Aureole ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Granodiorite Porphyry ◽  
Ne Iberian Peninsula

Can Sadurní’s cave, located in Begues (NE Iberian Peninsula), in the Baix Llobregat region, is an archaeological site with a wide stratigraphic sequence covering from the Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers societies at the beginning of the Holocene to Roman times. During the excavations of the last years a large number of different raw materials used for the manufacture of axes have been recovered.The present study is focused on the Neolithic sequence. 31 axes and adzes have been characterised petrographically with the aid of a binocular microscope and transmission microscope. A great variety of rocks constitute the raw materials of these stone tools, ranging from contact and regional metamorphic rocks to plutonic and porphyric igneous rocks. The formers are the most abundant (up to 78%) and include hornfels, spotted phyllites, marbles, quartzites, slates and phyllites. The igneous rocks consist of granodiorite, porphyry and aplites. Such a great assemblage of rocks matches in a geological context representative of a plutonic intrusion and its metamorphic contact aureole. Following that scenario we suggest that the most likely source area for all these materials occur at the Collserola hills, at 27 km far to the east from the cave, at the other side of the Llobregat River, where an Hercynian granodiorite and related igneous rocks intruding Ordovician metasedimentary materials are presented. 

scholarly journals Archaeometric Characterisation of Decorated Pottery from the Archaeological Site of Villa dei Quintili (Rome, Italy): Preliminary Study

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Ricca ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Natalia Rovella ◽  
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo ◽  
Luciana Randazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Materials Used

This work focused on the study of decorated pottery dated back to the 16th century from the Roman archaeological site of Villa dei Quintili, a monumental complex located in the south-eastern part of Rome (Italy). A minero-petrographic and geochemical study was undertaken to analyse five archaeological samples in order to define textural features and raw materials used for their production, along with the chemical and physical composition of the superficial decorative glazed coatings. For this purpose, different analytical methods were used, such as polarising optical microscope (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron microprobe analysis coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EMPA-EDS). The results of such a multidisciplinary approach allowed us to achieve important results crucial to recognise the shards as majolica of the Renaissance period, improving knowledge about manufacturing processes of these renowned painted ceramic artefacts.

scholarly journals HOARDS OF THE STONE AGE AS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Yu. B. Serikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Information Capacity ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials

Hoards are a rare and informative type of archaeological sources. Different definitions of hoards are given in dictionaries and in special literature: “hoards-treasures”, “hoards of the caster”, “trading hoards”, “household hoards”, “cult hoards”, “sacrificial hoards”, “votive hoards”, “ceremonial-votive hoards”, “hoards-offerings”, “production hoards”, “hoards of raw materials”, “hoards of the master”, “hoards-satchel sets”, etc. Hoards are often found by accident and usually not by archaeologists. At the same time, the hoard is not always passed to specialists in full. A finder of the hoard can remove one or more items from it or, on the contrary, add items lying nearby to the hoard. All these factors reduce the degree of information content of hoards found by random people. The location of the hoard in relation to the relief and borders of the archaeological site is not always fixed. Also, the mineral raw materials of products from the hoard are not always described. Some researchers do not provide images of all the finds from the hoard in their publications and do not indicate the metric indicators of the items in the hoard. Quite often, any accumulation of finds on the site is considered as a hoard without additional arguments. But the accumulation of objects in the cultural layer of sites may be not a hoard, but a production set at a home workshop. It is proposed to refer to the actual hoards, first of all, the hoards found outside the cultural layer of settlements (sites). Hoards are also tightly packed products, which indicates that they were in some kind of container. Accumulations of products buried in a hole and covered with a stone or slab can also be called hoards. In other cases of the accumulation of items interpreted by the author as a hoard, the word “hoard” must be taken in quotation marks. Failure to comply with special requirements for the study and publication of hoards reduces the information capacity of hoards as archaeological sources.

scholarly journals Early copper metallurgy in Northern Chile

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Maldonado ◽  
Thilo Rehren ◽  
Ernst Pernicka ◽  
Lautaro Núñez ◽  
Alexander Leibbrandt
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Copper Metallurgy ◽  
Materials Used

The Central Andean region of South America has a long tradition of mining and metallurgy. Such activities were fundamental to the economic, socio-political and ideological dynamics of the pre-Columbian cultures that inhabited this area. In spite of their importance, few archaeological investigations of metallurgy have been carried out in the Central Andes in general, and in current Chilean territory in particular. The present project investigates archaeometallurgical sites in northern Chile using scientific analysis, as a first step towards a large-scale map of prehistoric copper production and exchange across South America. This research involves documentation and sampling of already excavated archaeological materials from a number of copper-producing sites located in the Atacama District. Preliminary results of XRF analysis of artefacts from the collection of the R. P. Gustavo Le Paige Archaeological Museum, San Pedro de Atacama, have been obtained and enabled us to characterise the different elements present in the metal objects. These results might provide information on the nature of the raw materials used.

scholarly journals Compositional Characterization and Chronology of Roman Mortars from the Archaeological Site of Arroyo De La Dehesa De Velasco (Burgo De Osma- Ciudad De Osma, Soria, Spain)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Alonso-Olazabal ◽  
Luis Angel Ortega ◽  
Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽  
Graciela Ponce-Antón ◽  
Javier Jiménez Echevarría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
First Century ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Multilayer Wall ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Compositional Characterization

This study characterises the mortar materials used in the construction of walls and floors at the Arroyo de la Dehesa de Velasco site, located near the Roman city of Uxama Argaela (the modern Burgo de Osma—Ciudad de Osma, Soria, Spain). Multilayer mortars have been characterised by petrographic, mineralogical (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analyses and geochemical analysis (X-ray fluorescence). Additionally, radiocarbon dating of the mortar binder fraction was performed in order to establish the chronology of the building in the absence of other archaeological chronological records. The results showed that similar siliceous aggregates and lime binders were used in the fabrication of multilayer system mortars. Some multilayer wall mortars show ceramic fragments or brick powder to produce hydraulic mortars and improve the resistance to moisture. The raw materials used for the construction of the site were of local origin and the construction was built during the first century BC, according to radiocarbon dating.

scholarly journals Diachronous Settlement on the Territory of the Turgay Trough

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 602-629
Author(s):  
Elena V. Podzuban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The West ◽  
Secondary Processing ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Primary Cleavage ◽  
Independent Indicator

The article introduces into the scholarship the collection of findings of prehistoric material culture obtained at Bestamak during the stationary studies of 2001 field season. The total area of the archaeological site is 260,000 m2. It was excavated by Turgay expedition in the 1980s. Bestamak settlement is situated on the Turgay trough connecting the West Siberian and Turan plains. In the west, the Turgay trough is bounded by the Trans-Ural Plateau; in the east — by the Kazakh upland and spurs of the Ulutau mountains. Natural and geographical features of Turgay trough allow for their cultural layers to mainly contain diachronous material, with Bestamak serving as an example. Due to this specificity, the collections of stone industry discovered in the monuments of the Turgay trough should be studied on the basis of technical and typological analysis, the main parameters of which being products of primary cleavage; morphological parameters of the plates, the size of plates and tools on the plates; percentage ratio of ingots and tools from plates and rock flakes; secondary processing methods; typological composition of tool kit. The composition of raw materials is used as an independent indicator. In the course of the research, the author concluded that the primary cleavage, nuclei “rejuvenation” and secondary processing of blanks were performed on the site of the settlement. Judging by the results of the technical and typological analysis, the stone industry was deposited from the end of the Mesolithic-the Early Neolithic to the Late Eneolithic. The Neolithic stone industries, starting from the early and late Eneolithic, are predominant at Bestamak. The presence of Mesolithic and Early Eneolithic stone industries on the site is just an assumption. Fragments of ceramics and metal products suggest that people stayed at Bestamak until Late Bronze.

scholarly journals Ladoga transgression and landscapes of the Holocene second half in the Southern Ladoga area (according to the study of the archaeological site Podolje-1)

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
T. V. Sapelko ◽  
T. M. Gusentsova ◽  
M. A. Kulkova ◽  
A. V. Ludikova ◽  
V. P. Denisenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Cultural Layers

In Southern Ladoga area, we studied the new archaeological site Podolje 1, located 4 km from Lake Ladoga. Studies included archaeological, lithological, geochemical, pollen, botanical, diatom and radiocarbon analyzes. As a result, new data were obtained that specified the development of the Ladoga transgression in the second half of the Holocene in the Southern Ladoga area. The dependence of the formation of cultural layers on changes in the hydrodynamic conditions of its existence is established. The lower cultural layer was formed before the beginning of the Ladoga transgression. The upper cultural layer was formed after the transgressive stage. At absolute elevations from 10 to 12 m above Sea level in the Southern Ladoga area from 6480 to 4446 cal. BP peatlands were formed. In this case, 64805944 cal. BP there was a period of some humid climate. 45344446 cal. BP, the beginning of the Ladoga transgression is recorded on the territory of the site. The completion of the Ladoga transgression was marked at the beginning of the Subatlantic period.

scholarly journals Chronology of the Obi-Rakhmat Grotto (Uzbekistan): First Results on the Dating and Problems of the Paleolithic Key Site in Central Asia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei I Krivoshapkin ◽  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin ◽  
A J Timothy Jull
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Uranium Content ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
First Results ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Early Upper

The Obi-Rakhmat Grotto is one of the key Paleolithic sites in Central Asia. Archaeological excavations have revealed 22 strata containing archaeological materials. Lithic assemblages from all cultural layers display features similar to both late Middle Paleolithic blade industries and early Upper Paleolithic complexes in Southwest Asia and the Siberian Altai Mountains; this suggests a gradual Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition occurred in western Central Asia. Hominid remains found at Obi-Rakhmat (layer 16) show a mixture of archaic and modern traits. Different chronometric methods (radiocarbon, optically stimulated luminescence [OSL], U-series, and electron spin resonance [ESR]) were applied to the site's deposits. It appears that 14C dates are more reliable in terms of correspondence to the general framework of the Paleolithic of Central Asia and neighboring regions, and after critical analysis and the deletion of outliers, the upper part of the site's cultural sequence can be dated between 36,000–41,400 BP (layer 7) and ∼48,800 BP (layer 14.1). The U-series dating results are less secure due to the high uranium content and the presence of detritus, which contaminates dated sediments (travertine). The OSL dating gave uniform ages for all cultural succession (∼8 m of deposits), and confirms a very rapid sedimentation rate. Results of ESR dating depend greatly on the choice of uptake model. Dates calculated for the early uptake to some extent correspond to 14C data. The linear uptake chosen by Skinner et al. (2007) makes sediments very old (about 55,000–90,000 yr ago), which contradicts 14C dates and does not correspond well to the regional archaeological context.

scholarly journals Городища Башанта-I и Башанта-II эпохи Хазарского каганата

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-842
Author(s):  
Maria A. Ochir-Goryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Outer Border ◽  
Building Area ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Introduction. In 2008 and 2015, two settlements of the Khazar era — referred to as Bashanta-I and Bashanta-II by the name of the locality respectively — were discovered. The joint archaeological expedition of Kalmyk Scientific Center (Russian Academy of Sciences) and Khalikov Institute of Archaeology (Tatarstan Academy of Sciences) headed by Dr. M. Ochir-Goryaeva is systematically exploring the monuments. The comprehensive research efforts involve the use of GIS methods. Analysis of animal bones resulted in five radiocarbon dates that may attest to that Bashanta-I and Bashanta-II are the earliest available sites of the Khazar domain. Further analysis of archaeological materials — Black Sea amphorae — confirms the mentioned radiocarbon-based conclusion. Goals. The paper seeks to review the newly discovered monuments comparing them to each other and other hillforts of the Khazar Khaganate. There have been a few excavation seasons only, and the observations are essentially preliminary. Results. In both the sites, large areas of cultural layers were opened. In Bashanta-I, this revealed remains of a stone building and a 189 meter long wall base composed of massive shell limestone blocks. The wall delineates the outer border of the once inhabited area. The eastern hill of Bashanta-II contains a similar fragmented wall base that served to separate the central part from the rest of the settlement. The wall encircled a number of round half dugout clay-and-wattle buildings and multiple middens. In Bashanta-II, the cultural layer contains (along with amphorae) numerous Saltovo-Mayaki pottery fragments and no traces of roof tiles. While ceramics of Bashanta-I is represented exclusively by amphorae fragments, and no samples of pottery or molded ceramics have been discovered. However, many fragments of roof tiles are observed along the wall base and the building area of Bashanta-I. It is noteworthy that all the roof tiles were brought in from offsite, and are distinguished by high quality, while other Khazar hillforts contain only scarce samples of locally-made tiles. Conclusion. According to G. Afanasiev’s typology, the obtained data make it possible to classify Bashanta-I as a fortress, and Bashanta-II as a fortified settlement.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

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