OPTIMIZATION EXTRACTION OF COFFEINE AND THEOBROMINE FROM VARIOUS VARIETIES OF TEA WITH PLURONIC BLOCK COPOLYMER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. МАРЧЕНКО ◽  
Н.Я. МОКШИНА ◽  
О.А. ПАХОМОВА ◽  
А.В. СОКОЛОВА ◽  
В.Н. НИЖИВЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Solvent Phase ◽  
Purine Alkaloids ◽  
Pluronic Block Copolymer

Контроль содержания алкалоидов в пищевых продуктах и напитках в соответствии с нормируемыми показателями – актуальная задача для биотехнологии. Рассмотрена экстракция кофеина и теобромина из растительного сырья – чая черного и зеленого с использованием в качестве экстрагента блок-сополимера плюроник, представляющего собой чередующиеся фрагменты этиленоксида (20 мономерных звеньев) и пропиленоксида (70 мономерных звеньев). Экстракционные системы на основе водорастворимых полимеров отвечают всем требованиям «зеленой» экстракции и могут применяться в технологических процессах, связанных с контролем качества исходного сырья. Исследованы условия процесса извлечения пуриновых алкалоидов, установлены его оптимальные параметры: концентрация экстрагента 0,25 г/см3, температура процесса 95°С, степень измельчения для черного и зеленого чая 0,4 и 0,8 мм соответственно, соотношение водной и органической фаз 10 : 1 соответственно. По результатам экстракции рассчитаны коэффициенты распределения и степень извлечения кофеина и теобромина, которая составляет 95–99% в зависимости от сорта чая. Содержание кофеина и теобромина в фазе органического растворителя после экстракции определяли методом капиллярного электрофореза по электрофореграммам образцов черного и зеленого чая. На основании разработанной экстракционно-электрофоретической методики определения кофеина и теобромина в различных сортах чая предложен механизм взаимодействия пуриновых алкалоидов с экстрагентом плюроник. Наличие в цепи полимера концевых НО-групп, а также в основной цепи атомов кислорода способствует взаимодействию полимера с аналитами с образованием водородных связей. Представленные схемы образования Н-связей подтверждают эффективность применения блок-сополимера плюроник в качестве экстрагента пуриновых алкалоидов. Monitoring the content of alkaloids in food and beverages in accordance with the normalized indicators is an urgent task for biotechnology. The extraction of caffeine and theobromine from vegetable raw materials – black and green tea using the pluronic block copolymer as an extractant is considered. The pluronic block copolymer consists of alternating fragments of ethylene oxide (20 monomer units) and propylene oxide (70 monomer units). Extraction systems based on water-soluble polymers meet all the requirements of «green» extraction and can be used in technological processes related to quality control of feedstock. The conditions of the purine alkaloid extraction process have been investigated, its optimal parameters have been established: the extractant concentration is 0,25 g/cm3, the process temperature is 95°C, the degree of grinding for black and green tea is 0,4 and 0,8 mm respectively, the ratio of aqueous and organic phases is 10 : 1 respectively. According to the extraction results, the distribution coefficients and the degree of extraction of caffeine and theobromine, which is 95–99%, depending on the tea variety, are calculated. The content of caffeine and theobromine in the organic solvent phase after extraction was determined by capillary electrophoresis from electrophoregrams of black and green tea samples. The presence of terminal HO-groups in the polymer chain, as well as in the main chain of oxygen atoms, promotes the interaction of the polymer with analytes with the formation of hydrogen bonds. The presented schemes for the formation of H-bonds confirm the effectiveness of using the pluronic block copolymer as an extractant of purine alkaloids.

scholarly journals The possibility of using DES based on polypropylene glycol 425 and tetrabuthylammonium bromide in the extraction processes of transition metals

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
A Y Fedorov ◽  
A V Levina
Keyword(s):  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Extraction Processes

Abstract Traditionally, the method of liquid extraction is used to extract metals from aqueous. This work is devoted to the combination of perspective alternative for hazardous solvents (aqueous two-phase systems based on water-soluble polymers) and the novel deep eutectic solvents in the non-ferrous metals extraction processes. In this work, the synthesis of deep eutectic solvent based on a water-soluble polymer (PPG-425) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) by stirring for 10 minutes at 80° C has been shown. The obtained results showed not only the possibility of using DES in the metal extraction process, but the selectivity to the Fe(III) and Zn(III), the distribution coefficients were 71.64 and 25.17 respectively. The metal concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically using 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol. This work shows the perspectives of using DESs in the metal extraction processes.

scholarly journals Intensification of Polysaccharides Extraction from Plant Raw Materials under the Influence of Electric Current

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
А.P. Malyushevskaya ◽  
◽  
V.N. Tsurkin ◽  
А.V. Ivanov ◽  
А.N. Yushchishina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Convection Heating ◽  
Pulsed Electric Current

The article presents the results of the studies of the intensification of the processes of extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from plant raw materials – medicinal hyssop (Hyssopus officialis L.) under the action of an electric current. The effect of direct, alternating, and pulsed electric currents on the degree of polysaccharides extraction was studied in comparison with the traditional pharmacopoeiсal method. It is shown that the energy consumption for the extraction process, intensified by a pulsed electric current, is significantly lower compared to extraction by convection heating. At the same time, the use of electric current makes it possible to reduce the limiting processing temperature from 70 °С to 40 °C, this will allow in the future to obtain not only aqueous, but also aqueous-alcoholic and alcoholic extracts, and, consequently, to extract biologically active non-soluble in water substances.

scholarly journals Commodity characteristics and quality assessment of green tea sold in retail chains of Saint-Petersburg

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
A. K. Aliea ◽  
E. O. Barbashenova
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Trading Networks

Tea is one of the most favorite drinks in the world. About the useful effect of green tea on the human body is known very much. In connection with the fall of the economy, the quality of products entering the trading networks is also deteriorating, so we decided to check the quality of green tea sold by trading networks in St. Petersburg. There are the results of a study on the quality of green tea from different manufacturers in the article and accordance with their normative documents. Organoleptic and physico-chemical methods were used to allowable the quality of tea. We studied these samples for safety according to the maximum permissible content of toxins, radionuclides, mycotoxins and microorganisms in tea. According to the physico-chemical examination revealed violations in terms of: the content of tannin, water-soluble extractive substances, active acidity, increased mold content, which attests about assortment falsification of green tea, the use of poor quality raw materials, violation of technological processes and storage processes. As a result, it can be concluded that in production of tea it is necessary to take into account all regulatory requirements and comply with all technological processes, consider the requirements for storage and transportation of tea, certify the goods and use more manual labor when collecting tea leaves. Trading enterprises should use only certified goods and to use the conclusions of expert laboratoriesmore often.

Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Wang ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Xiaoju Wang ◽  
Qingxi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Glycoside Linkage ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractAn efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.

scholarly journals Structure, rheology and shear alignment of Pluronic block copolymer mixtures

2009 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma E. Newby ◽  
Ian W. Hamley ◽  
Stephen M. King ◽  
Christopher M. Martin ◽  
Nicholas J. Terrill
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Shear Alignment ◽  
Pluronic Block Copolymer

DETERMINATION OF CORROSION INFLUENCE ON FUEL METAL, OBTAINED FROM SECONDARY POLYMER RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
K. Сhevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The article proposes to determine the corrosion effect on fuel metals under dynamic conditions, when washing the prepared copper plate of a certain size, a significant amount of fuel at a certain speed and temperature of the study. This approach will significantly reduce the duration of the study (up to 100 minutes) and is closer to the real conditions of contact of the fuel with a metal surface, in comparison with the standardized method, which is widely used today. Using the proposed laboratory setup, the study was subjected to fuel (200–360 °C), which was obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials, in particular polypropylene. The obtained results showed that the investigated fuel, despite the temperature, the amount of circulating fuel and its water content, does not have a corrosive effect on the copper plate, which can be explained by the absence of corrosive substances in the fuel: water-soluble mineral acids and alkalis, active sulfur compounds and organic acids. However, it should be kept in mind that in polyolefin raw materials, in the form of contamination, there may be products made of other materials, such as rubber and polyvinyl chloride. This can happen when the sorting technology is violated or during the preliminary preparation of raw materials and, in turn, will contribute to the increase in sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds in the fuel, which are characterized by high corrosion activity and should be necessarily removed from the fuel. Note that the fuel obtained from secondary polymer raw materials, in the absence of sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds, is quite promising for the creation on its basis of modern synthetic fuels, analogues of classic petroleum products.

Extraction Process of Amaranthine Pigment Keeping the Water Wax Fuit Biological Active

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Feng Jie Wang ◽  
Xin Qiao Dong ◽  
Xiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Natural Pigment ◽  
Pigment Extraction ◽  
Acid Aqueous Solution ◽  
The Stability

Development natural pigment retained a variety of nutrition composition is extremely research value.Water Wax Trees Fruit was as raw materials,citric acid aqueous solution was as extracting agent.Amaranthine pigment extraction method were studied on fully grasping the stability of the natural amaranthine pigment and no damage to the water wax fruit biological activity.The effect of extraction yield were studied on Water Wax Trees Fruit natural amaranthine pigment.The results show that the better extraction conditions are extraction temperature at 70 °C, extraction time for 3h,citric acid concentration1.0 % , the material/liquid ration(g/ml) 1:5.The extraction yield is 2.95%.Ultraviolet absorption maximum wavelength is 280 nm.

scholarly journals Intensification of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Andryushayev ◽  
Olena Ruban ◽  
Yuliia Maslii ◽  
Inna Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time

The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS BY CARBON DIOXIDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gafurov ◽  
B. Muhammadiev ◽  
Sh. Mirzaeva ◽  
F. Kuldosheva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Laboratory Setup

The unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent are widely used for extraction. In supercritical media, the dissolution of molecules of various chemical nature is possible. The purpose of this investigation was to study the extraction process and obtain extracts from valuable regional plant materials by applying CO2 extraction under pre- and supercritical conditions. The objects of research were: ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberry and jida flowers. For extraction, a laboratory setup was used that allows extraction when the CO2 is supplied by a high-pressure plunger pump in the sub- and supercritical state using a heat pump. The pressure range is 3-15 MPa, temperatures 295–330 K, and the volumetric flow rate above the critical CO2 is 800–900 g. Experiments with ground seeds of melon and pumpkin showed that as a result of 4 sequentially performed extraction cycles on a single load with supercritical CO2 parameters ( 315–330 K; 3–7.5 MPa) the decrease in the mass of melon seeds was 90 g (pumpkins 80 g). During the total extraction time (2.5 hours), 20 kg of CO2 were pumped through the reactor (25 l at 290 K and 6.8 MPa), while the average oil content in the extract was 4 g per 1 kg of CO2 (3.0 g per 1 l of SС-CO2) In experiments with jida flowers, the maximum amount of solid extractable substance (2% by weight of the raw material) was obtained at a temperature in the extractor of 308 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa. Upon extraction under critical conditions in collection 2, the liquid phase was absent; only a yellow-green paste was released in it. According to the results of experiments with mint leaves, the maximum yield of a greenish liquid was observed at T = 315 K and P = 4 MPa., Mulberry - at T = 306 K and P = 6.0 MPa. The results of the extraction of oils and extracts from ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberries and jida flowers confirm that the maximum yield of the extracted substance is achieved with supercritical CO2 parameters in the extractor (310 K, 7.5 MPa). When liquid CO2 is extracted (300 K and 6-8 MPa), up to 2% of a yellow substance is extracted, which does not differ in appearance from a supercritical extract.

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