scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS BY CARBON DIOXIDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gafurov ◽  
B. Muhammadiev ◽  
Sh. Mirzaeva ◽  
F. Kuldosheva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Laboratory Setup

The unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent are widely used for extraction. In supercritical media, the dissolution of molecules of various chemical nature is possible. The purpose of this investigation was to study the extraction process and obtain extracts from valuable regional plant materials by applying CO2 extraction under pre- and supercritical conditions. The objects of research were: ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberry and jida flowers. For extraction, a laboratory setup was used that allows extraction when the CO2 is supplied by a high-pressure plunger pump in the sub- and supercritical state using a heat pump. The pressure range is 3-15 MPa, temperatures 295–330 K, and the volumetric flow rate above the critical CO2 is 800–900 g. Experiments with ground seeds of melon and pumpkin showed that as a result of 4 sequentially performed extraction cycles on a single load with supercritical CO2 parameters ( 315–330 K; 3–7.5 MPa) the decrease in the mass of melon seeds was 90 g (pumpkins 80 g). During the total extraction time (2.5 hours), 20 kg of CO2 were pumped through the reactor (25 l at 290 K and 6.8 MPa), while the average oil content in the extract was 4 g per 1 kg of CO2 (3.0 g per 1 l of SС-CO2) In experiments with jida flowers, the maximum amount of solid extractable substance (2% by weight of the raw material) was obtained at a temperature in the extractor of 308 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa. Upon extraction under critical conditions in collection 2, the liquid phase was absent; only a yellow-green paste was released in it. According to the results of experiments with mint leaves, the maximum yield of a greenish liquid was observed at T = 315 K and P = 4 MPa., Mulberry - at T = 306 K and P = 6.0 MPa. The results of the extraction of oils and extracts from ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberries and jida flowers confirm that the maximum yield of the extracted substance is achieved with supercritical CO2 parameters in the extractor (310 K, 7.5 MPa). When liquid CO2 is extracted (300 K and 6-8 MPa), up to 2% of a yellow substance is extracted, which does not differ in appearance from a supercritical extract.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION FOR ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Menshutina ◽  
Artem I. Artemiev ◽  
Illarion I. Khudeev ◽  
Ilya V. Kazeev ◽  
Olga A. Bocharova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Supercritical Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

This paper provides a review of the scientific literature on the study of the supercritical extraction process. The use of substances in a supercritical state as an extractant is the basis of the supercritical extraction process. In a supercritical fluid, there is a high intensity of mass transfer, which allows the supercritical fluid to easily penetrate into the raw material and efficiently extract the target components. Carbon dioxide is of particular interest, since its use as an extractant in the process of supercritical extraction meets the basic principles of «green chemistry». The paper presents the mechanisms of mass transfer of target components from plant raw materials that arise during the process of supercritical extraction using carbon dioxide. The kinetics of the supercritical extraction process is considered. During the process, three main periods are distinguished: a period of a constant extraction rate, a period of a falling extraction rate, and a period of a low extraction rate. The influence of temperature and pressure, the influence of water in the raw material on the yield of target components in the process of supercritical extraction is shown. Supercritical extraction requires special high-pressure equipment. The paper presents the main technological solutions for the implementation of the process. A comparison of the process of supercritical extraction with extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus is carried out. The supercritical extraction process makes it possible to obtain an extract of high purity, which is promising for the production of biologically active medicinal components and the separation of impurities from difficult-to-separate mixtures. Examples of the application of supercritical extraction in industry are given. In addition, the paper presents studies on the extraction of aralosides from Aralia mandshurica plant raw materials using the supercritical extraction process. Supercritical extraction is considered as a safe and more efficient way to extract target components from plant materials.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM THE LEAVES OF THE LITTLEWALE LITHOSPERMUM OFFICINALE L. (BORAGINACEAE) USING MICROWAVE ENERGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Yur'yevna Adamtsevich ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Feskova ◽  
Valeriy Stanislavovich Boltovsky ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Titok
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Lithospermum Officinale

One of the possible ways to intensify and increase the efficiency of extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials is the use of microwave radiation. This article presents the results of a study of the influence of parameters of the microwave extraction process on the output of flavonoids from the leaves of the littlewale (Lithospermum officinale L.), belonging to the Boraginaceae family. This plant contains isoquercitrin, which is one of the key flavonoids with the property of tissue regeneration. It was shown that the maximum yield of the target components is achieved with a microwave generator power of 100 W and exposure duration of 2.5 min at a field frequency of 2450 MHz (specific energy consumption is 8.4 kWh/kg). This output is comparable with the output when using conventional convection heating. Microwave radiation provides a 16-fold reduction in the duration of extraction of the sum of flavonoids and an increase in the degree of extraction of isoquercitrin by 23%. The action of microwave energy leads to the destruction of plant tissue, which contributes to a more efficient extraction of flavonoids from plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Development of technology for obtaining a liquid extract of medicinal sage ( Salvia officinalis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Anastasia Moldavanova ◽  
Anastasia Malyutina ◽  
Larissa Kozubova ◽  
Valentina Kazakova ◽  
Natalia Shestopalova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Liquid Extract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L

Inflammatory diseases of the female genital area are dominant among the total number of gynecological diseases. Among all the variety of medicinal plant materials used in official medicine, salvia medicinal draws attention to itself, which has repeatedly proved its effectiveness in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes of various origins. That is why the goal was set to develop a technology for obtaining a liquid extract from the leaves of Salvia officinalis L. As a result of the study, a method was developed for obtaining a liquid extract by selecting the optimal extraction conditions. It was found that the optimal raw material-extractant ratio is 1:50, the optimal concentration of the extractant ethyl alcohol is 70%, the infusion time of the extract is 24 hours. To intensify the extraction process, the method of ultrasonic processing of raw materials at the soaking stage was used. The optimal time for processing plant materials with ultrasound was 45 minutes. As a result of using this method to obtain a liquid extract from the leaves of sage officinalis, the yield of phenolic compounds was doubled in comparison with obtaining an extract without sonication of raw materials and amounted to 182.7 mg / g of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glycoside.

scholarly journals Research of extractors for the extraction of target components from plant materials of various internal structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Maksim Prosin ◽  
Dmitrii Borodulin ◽  
Elena Safonova ◽  
Yana Golovacheva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Solid Liquid

Manufacturers prefer berries and fruits, but there are also other products made with seeds, aromatic and medicinal herbs, spices, as well as other components. The main production stage for obtaining tinctures and aromatic alcohols is the extraction process. Currently, a large number of designs of extractors for solid-liquid system of periodic and continuous action have been developed. All of them are different from each other in terms of efficiency, energy consumption and applicability in a particular production. The purpose of this work is to study and analyze the influence of the structure of raw materials on the efficiency of extraction in equipment of various types. To carry out the research, three types of raw materials were selected from various groups: rose hips, penny root and chaga mushrooms. The most suitable and promising extractor designs are the Soxlhet extractor; centrifugal extractor; rotary-pulsating apparatus. The results of the work, it was concluded that the most versatile apparatus is the rotary-pulsating apparatus, since during its operation the raw material is crushed. Plant raw materials give the most complete target components with list time. In devices of similar designs, the different internal structure of raw materials does not affect the quality of the extracts obtained.

scholarly journals Ethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Salman Khan Promon ◽  
Wasif Kamal ◽  
Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob Hossain ◽  
Naiyyum Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).  After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as an excellent raw material in ethanol fermentation.

scholarly journals Intensification of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Andryushayev ◽  
Olena Ruban ◽  
Yuliia Maslii ◽  
Inna Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time

The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara ◽  
Natalia Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

scholarly journals Influence of pressure and time on extraction process using supercritical CO2

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Micic ◽  
Z. Lepojevic ◽  
B. Mandic ◽  
M. Jotanovic ◽  
G. Tadic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by carbon dioxide (CO2) of Salvia officinalis L. was investigated. SFE by CO2 was performed at different pressure (80, 100, 150, 200 and 300 bar) and constant temperature of 40?C (all other extraction conditions, such are flow rate, particle diameter of Salvia officinalis, extraction time were kept constant. The GC-MS method was used for determination of qualitative and quantitative composition of obtained extracts and essential oils.

scholarly journals Fast screening of some flavonoids content in raw plant materials: opportunities of 1H NMR spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Gennady Kalabin ◽  
Vasilii Vasil’ev ◽  
Vasilii Ivlev ◽  
Vasilii Babkin
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Raw Plant Materials

Environmental monitoring and assessment of the prospects for extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from various types of plant biomass requires the development of simple and fast methods for measuring their content in raw materials. A new approach for measuring the content of various flavonoids groups in plant raw material using 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed, which allows to characterize its resource capabilities and study the effects on their composition different environmental factors without complex sample preparation and standard samples.

scholarly journals Response Surface Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Tea Polyphenols from Green Tea Scraps

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifang Wang ◽  
Sai Han ◽  
Xianjun Zha ◽  
Jiangrui Cheng ◽  
Junying Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Key Factors

Abstract Background: The green tea scraps are the waste materials during the process of green tea production, and it is significant to extractvaluable tea polyphenols (TP) for reuse. Objective: The objective of this study was to extract valuable TP from green tea scraps, and the extraction conditions were optimized to obtain maximum yield of TP. Methods: The TPwere extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with 65% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solution as cosolvent. The content of TP was determinedwith the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The key factors ofthe extraction process, including temperature (313.15–323.15 K), pressure (20–30 Mpa), and amount of cosolvent (50–150 mL) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Results: These key factors showed the extremely complex effects on the extraction yield of TP. A second-order polynomial mathematical modelwasdeveloped for the response with high R-squared value (R2 = 0.9946) and used to predict the optimal conditions (i.e., temperature of 322.15 K, pressure of 23.60MPa, and amount of cosolvent of 150 mL). The verification experiments showed that the maximum yield ofTP was 23.07 ± 0.82% under the optimal conditions, which was in good agreement with the predicted value. Conclusions: TP can be successfully extracted from green tea scraps by SC-CO2, and RSM could be used to optimize the extraction process. Highlights: SC-CO2 extraction of TP from green tea scraps was developed. The operating conditions, including pressure, temperature, and amount of cosolvent, were optimized. RSM could successfully predict the optimal operating conditions.

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