scholarly journals Effect of Organoclay on the Morphology, and Thermal Properties of Polystyrene/Poly (vinyl chloride) Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumaa Aseeri - Waffa Mekhamer -  Naser Alandis
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Clay Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Na Ions

Polystyrene and poly (vinyl chloride) (PS/PVC) were prepared via solvent casting method with different weight ratios of PS/PVC:  (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 10/90 and 0/100) to investigate their miscibility. We have studied the morphology of blend PS90/PVC10 (Pd1) with different content (1, 3, 10 %) of organoclay (MM). Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is used to modify the clay sample after saturating its surface with Na+ ions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the clay sample before and after modification by CPC. The blend miscibility has been confirmed by FTIR, XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies.  The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using FTIR, DSC, TEM and scanning electron microscope (SEM). We observed that MM have a significant effect on improvement the miscibility of PS/PVC blends. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

scholarly journals Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumaa Aseeri ◽  
Naser M. Alandis ◽  
Waffa Mekhamer ◽  
Manawwer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solution Casting Method

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)/ polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blends of different compositions, with and without organoclay (OC) were prepared by a solution casting method. PS and PVC were combined in ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 10/90, and 0/100. Local clay was treated with 0.5M NaCl to generate sodium clay (Na-clay). The Na-clay was subsequently modified using the cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), at a concentration of 0.5 times that of Na-clay. The CPC-modified clay was denoted as organoclay (OC). The organoclay was dispersed in PS/PVC blends (90/10 and 10/90) with different weight percentages of OC (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%). To evaluate the miscibility of PS/PVC blends, the blends with and without OC were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The addition of OC to the PS/PVC blends produced exfoliated nanocomposites, as proven by XRD. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed that the PS/PVC(10/90) blend components were more miscible than those of the PS/PVC(90/10) blend, leading to favorable morphology.

scholarly journals PEEK filament characteristics before and after extrusion within fused filament fabrication process

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleiton André Comelli ◽  
Richard Davies ◽  
HenkJan van der Pol ◽  
Oana Ghita
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fast Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe heating and extrusion process in fused filament fabrication (FFF) is significantly shorter than the conventional extrusion process where longer heating times and significant pressure are applied. For this reason, it is important to understand whether the crystal history of the feedstock is fully erased through the FFF process and whether the FFF process can be tailored further by engineering the crystallization of the feedstock filaments. In this context, a methodology for evaluating the influence of morphology and mechanical properties on different feedstock and extruded filaments is proposed. Filaments with three different PEEK 450G crystalline structures (standard crystallinity, drawn filament and amorphous filament) were selected and evaluated, before and after free extrusion. The resulting morphology, crystallinity and mechanical properties of the extruded filaments were compared against the feedstock properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential and fast scanning calorimetry (DSC/FDSC) and tensile test were the techniques used to evaluate the materials. The results showed clear differences in the properties of the feedstock materials, while the analysis of the extruded filaments points to a homogenization of the resulting material producing mostly similar mechanical properties. However, the use of the drawn filament highlighted a statistically significant improvement in crystallinity and mechanical performance, especially in strain values. This conclusion suggests the innovative possibility of improving the quality of manufactured parts by tailoring the microstructure of the feedstock material used in the FFF process. Graphical abstract

Specific interaction characteristics in organoclay nanocomposite of miscible poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(vinyl chloride) blend

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Kyun Lim ◽  
Eun-Hee Lee ◽  
In-Joo Chin
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Interaction Parameter Χ

We propose a new method for the preparation of the polymer/organoclay nanocomposite, termed the solution and melt mixing (SOAM) method, where the polymer and clays are first blended in solution, and subsequently the mixture is further blended in the melt. We prepared the ternary nanocomposite systems of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and Cloisite25A clays (C25A) by solution blending as well as by the SOAM method. The C25A content in the nanocomposite was optimized by analyzing the x-ray diffraction (XRD) data of binary mixtures (SAN/C25A and PVC/C25A nanocomposites). The values of the interaction parameter (χab) were calculated by using the molar attraction constants of the specific functional groups derived from Hoy’s table. While PVC and C25A were shown to be highly compatible, SAN and C25A were less compatible. XRD data and transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that the SAN/PVC/C25A nanocomposites had at least partially exfoliated structures. The tensile modulus and the elongation at break of the nanocomposites prepared by the SOAM method were higher than those prepared by simple solution blending.

Effect of polyphosphate binding on the chain dynamic of caseins: investigation by differential scanning calorimetry and thermally stimulated currents

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lamure ◽  
Jean-François Pommert ◽  
Alain Klaebe ◽  
Colette Lacabanne ◽  
Jean-Jacques Perie
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermally Stimulated Currents ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chain Dynamic

SummarySamples of caseins having different Ca contents as used in cheese processing were analysed by techniques using differential scanning calorimetry and thermally stimulated currents (TSC) before and after treatment with Na poly-phosphate, a food additive used in the manufacture of processed cheese. These techniques revealed structural changes induced by the salt, and the different types of water molecules associated with the protein are evident. This characterization is in agreement with results obtained by other techniques, particularly X-ray diffraction of proteins. Transmission electron microscopy of the same samples confirmed that the changes observed by TSC were associated with an unravelling of the protein.

scholarly journals Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1385-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Kalska-Szostko ◽  
Urszula Wykowska ◽  
Dariusz Satula ◽  
Per Nordblad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This paper presents the results of a thermal treatment process for magnetite nanoparticles in the temperature range of 50–500 °C. The tested magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using three different methods that resulted in nanoparticles with different surface characteristics and crystallinity, which in turn, was reflected in their thermal durability. The particles were obtained by coprecipitation from Fe chlorides and decomposition of an Fe(acac)3 complex with and without a core–shell structure. Three types of ferrite nanoparticles were produced and their thermal stability properties were compared. In this study, two sets of unmodified magnetite nanoparticles were used where crystallinity was as determinant of the series. For the third type of particles, a Ag shell was added. By comparing the coated and uncoated particles, the influence of the metallic layer on the thermal stability of the nanoparticles was tested. Before and after heat treatment, the nanoparticles were examined using transmission electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the fabrication methods determine, to some extent, the sensitivity of the nanoparticles to external factors.

Effect of MWCNT doping on the structural and optical properties of PVC/PVDF polymer blend

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 4640-4647
Author(s):  
A. M. Abdelghany ◽  
M.S. Meikhail ◽  
S.I. Badr ◽  
A. S. Momen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Damage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dopant Content ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dopant Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbon Nano Tubes ◽  
Small Band ◽  
Vibrational Bands

Thin film samples of pristine polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly vinyldine fluoride (PVDF) in combination with their blend in addition to samples containing factorial mass fraction of multi wall carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) in the dopant level were prepared via routine casting technique using tetrahydrofurane (THF) as a common solvent. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depict the nano-scale (15-25 nm) of functionalized MWCNTs with no surface damage results from functionalization process.X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows a semi-crystalline nature of PVDF with evidence for more than one phase namely a and b phases. The fraction of b phase was calculated and correlated to the dopant content. FTIR optical absorption spectra revels a preservation of the main vibrational bands before and after addition of MWCNTs in the doping level with a presence of new small band 1151 cm-1 assigned for the interaction and complexation between constituents.

scholarly journals Effects of Sintering Temperature on Densification, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Based Alloy by High-Velocity Compaction

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Xianjie Yuan ◽  
Xuanhui Qu ◽  
Haiqing Yin ◽  
Zaiqiang Feng ◽  
Mingqi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Sintered Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Velocity Compaction ◽  
Sintered Temperature

This present work investigates the effects of sintering temperature on densification, mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-based alloy pressed by high-velocity compaction. The green samples were heated under the flow of high pure (99.99 wt%) N2. The heating rate was 4 °C/min before 315 °C. For reducing the residual stress, the samples were isothermally held for one h. Then, the specimens were respectively heated at the rate of 10 °C/min to the temperature between 540 °C and 700 °C, held for one h, and then furnace-cooled to the room temperature. Results indicate that when the sintered temperature was 640 °C, both the sintered density and mechanical properties was optimum. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-ray diffraction of sintered samples, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope were used to analyse the microstructure and phases.

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization and scale-up of sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandita Kakkar ◽  
Indu Pal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Brain

Sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SSLNs) were prepared with the aim of minimizing its distribution to tissues and achieving its targeting to the brain. Three scale-up batches (100x1 L) of S-SLNs were prepared using a microemulsification technique and all parameters were statistically compared with the small batch (1x;10 mL). S-SLNs with a particle size of less than 106 nm with a spherical shape (transmission electron microscopy) were successfully prepared with a total drug content and entrapment efficiency of 94.26±2.71% and 72.57±5.20%, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of lipidic nanoparticles while powder X-ray diffraction revealed their amorphous profile. S-SLNs were found to be stable for three months at 5±3°C in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The SLN preparation process was successfully scaled-up to a 100x batch on a laboratory scale. The procedure was easy to perform and allowed reproducible SLN dispersions to be obtained.

scholarly journals Role of Surfactants in the Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/Purified Clay Nanocomposites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine dos Santos ◽  
Marcus Fook ◽  
Oscar Malta ◽  
Suédina de Lima Silva ◽  
Itamara Leite
Keyword(s):  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium ◽  
Pet Crystallization

Purified clay was modified with different amounts of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts and used as filler in the preparation of PET nanocomposites via melt intercalation. The effect of this type of filler on morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of PET nanocomposites was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TG), tensile properties, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the mixture of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts favored the production of PET nanocomposites with intercalated and partially exfoliated morphologies with slight improvement in thermal stability. In addition, the incorporation of these organoclays tended to inhibit PET crystallization behavior, which is profitable in the production of transparent bottles.

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