scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Contradictory Duals in Osama bin Munqith's Poetry: فَاعِليَّة الثُّنَائِيَّات الضِّديَّة في شِعِر أُسَامَةَ بنِ مُنقِذ

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 79-56
Author(s):  
Rawda Ibrahim Jalout, Wejdan Al-Miqdad Rawda Ibrahim Jalout, Wejdan Al-Miqdad
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Universe

Antagonistic dualities are a philosophical phenomenon that has been transferred to the context of literary criticism and then applied to literature, and it is a reflection of the aspects of the universe based on contradiction such as good and evil, light and darkness, existence and nothingness, death and life, and an expression of the human soul with its struggles and fluctuations, a term defined by our rhetorical inheritance. Among them are antithetical, equivalent equivalence, and considering literature as a form of self-expression, this research came to show the importance of oppositional dualities and the effectiveness of their presence in the literary text with the vitality they give it, in addition to their role in persuasion and influence through the element of paradox and astonishment that it creates in the recipient through the encounter of dualities And the collection of contradictory meanings, which are integrated in the service of the literary text , finding the pleasure of reading and receiving , working on analysis and creating semantics.

Problemy dýhovnostı ı bessmertııa v tvorchestve Ch. Aıtmatova [Problems of Spirituality and Immortality in the Works of Ch. Aitmatov]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
J.K. Bakashova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Soul ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Great Writer ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Universe

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of spirituality of creativity of the great contemporary writer Ch.T. Aitmatov. It is noted that the problem of morality, spirituality excites the Kyrgyz writer, he raises it in all his works of art, in numerous journalistic materials. Reading the lines of the great writer, we reflect on Man, on the Universe, on the «ecology of the soul», on good and evil, on honor and treachery, on peace and war, on life and death, on love and happiness. The heroes of his works Dzhamilya, Duishen, Tolgonay, Tanabai ... – passionate people, living in full breath, «stormy». In the article on the example of the work «The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years» the problem of spirituality and immortality of ordinary mortal man is considered, which, in the opinion of Ch. Aitmatov, consists in his ability to preserve memory. With the help of the «stormy» metaphor, Ch. Aitmatov tells us about the «stormy» life, full of hardships and difficulties, and the fate of people living on the stormy stop. The phenomenon of Aitmatov’s spirituality is valuable for humanity, since, according to the writer, the life of all Mankind on Earth depends on the ecology of the human soul. Статья посвящена феномену духовности творчества великого писателя современности Ч.Т. Айтматова. Отмечено, что проблема нравственности, духовности волнует кыргызского писателя, ее он поднимает во всех своих художественных произведениях, в многочисленных публицистических материалах. Читая строки великого писателя, мы размышляем о Человеке, о Вселенной, об «экологии души», о добре и зле, о чести и коварстве, о мире и войне, о жизни и смерти, о любви и счастье. Герои его произведений Джамиля, Дуйшен, Толгонай, Танабай... – люди страстные, живущие на полном дыхании, «буранные». В статье на примере произведения «И дольше века длится день…» рассмотрена проблема духовности и бессмертия рядового смертного человека, что, по мнению Ч. Айтматова, заключается в его умении сохранить память. С помощью метафоры «буранный» Ч. Айтматов рассказывает нам о «буранной» жизни, полной невзгод и трудностей, и судьбе людей, живущих на буранном полустанке. Феномен духовности Айтматова ценен для человечества, так как, по убеждению писателя, от экологии души человека зависит жизнь всего Человечества на Земле.

scholarly journals Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Meet Edward II

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boldizsár Fejérvári
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
The Real ◽  
Edward Ii

It is a common fashion in literary criticism, or 'Lit Crit,' to treat reality, human behaviour, communication, and everything else as though they were 'texts to be read.' This paper proposes to go the other way: it interprets literature (or, more precisely, one literary text, Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead) as a part of reality in which several other layers of the real combine, such as linguistics, science, or other literary texts, most notably Hamlet. While Edward II is not generally considered a direct source for Stoppard's play, this paper shows how, in the wider perspective of 'interreality,' Marlowe's tragedy might interact with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. At the same time it is proved that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, contrary to the critical conception of many, is not a parasitic work 'feeding off' Elizabethan playwrights, but a play that enters a symbiotic relationship with its host (as defined by Hillis Miller).

Introduction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Adams ◽  
Michael Lapidge ◽  
Tobias Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Literary Education

‘Language’ is given a comprehensive sense in this book. Many of the chapters are not ‘linguistic’ in any formal sense, but are about the skill (or otherwise) of writers in expressing themselves. They are thus about style, the study of which can be seen as a branch of literary criticism. There are various objections that can be made to the notion (implicit in Bernhard’s statement) that the inclusion of ‘poeticisms’ in prose was an imperial development and represented a debasement of the literary language. The diversity of extant prose is a major theme of this book. Examples of early long sentences are also presented. Bad writing may show up clearly in a translation. This writing may be determined in a non-literary text written by someone who had not had a literary education and might not even have been a native speaker of Latin. Archaism emerges as a generic label rather than a unified category. The chapter then discusses the translation from Greek. Aspects of high-style Latin prose, namely neologism, archaism, Greek loanword, and poeticism, are described.

Creation, the Fall, and the Regime of the Passions

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-188
Author(s):  
Gerard O'Daly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Love Of God ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Universe

The chapter discusses Augustine’s presentation in Books 11–14 of the origins of the two cities, heavenly and earthly. The focus is on the creation of the universe, the angels and the rebellion of some of them, and Adam, Eve, and the Fall. Specific themes include: Genesis exegesis; the elaboration of the history theme, with good and bad angels as ‘prologues’ to the two historical human cities; good and evil in the universe; angelic rebels and the nature of the will; death and resurrection; Platonist and Christian views on the body; Pauline flesh and spirit; emotions and passions; sexual desire in paradise and since the Fall; love of self and love of God, and the application of this contrast to the two cities.

Soul in Islamic philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams C. Inati
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Rational Part ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
The Universe

The discussion of the human soul, its existence, nature, ultimate objective and eternity, occupies a highly important position in Islamic philosophy and forms its main focus. For the most part Muslim philosophers agreed, as did their Greek predecessors, that the soul consists of non-rational and rational parts. The non-rational part they divided into the plant and animal souls, the rational part into the practical and the theoretical intellects. All believed that the non-rational part is linked essentially to the body, but some considered the rational part as separate from the body by nature and others that all the parts of the soul are by nature material. The philosophers agreed that, while the soul is in the body, its non-rational part is to manage the body, its practical intellect is to manage worldly affairs, including those of the body, and its theoretical intellect is to know the eternal aspects of the universe. They thought that the ultimate end or happiness of the soul depends on its ability to separate itself from the demands of the body and to focus on grasping the eternal aspects of the universe. All believed that the non-rational soul comes into being and unavoidably perishes. Some, like al-Farabi, believed that the rational soul may or may not survive eternally; others, like Ibn Sina, believed that it has no beginning and no end; still others, such as Ibn Rushd, believed that the soul with all its individual parts comes into existence and is eventually destroyed.

scholarly journals Ideologie, ‘egte’ norme en literêre taalhandelinge

Literator ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
M. Rossouw
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
South African ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Community ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Different Levels

For many years text-immanent approaches to literature have dominated the scene of Afrikaans literary criticism. This article adds a voice to the ‘spontaneous' discourse in which ethical norms (especially socio-political guidelines), too, come into play when a literary text is studied. Since the context in which a text is written and read is of great importance in such an approach, speech act theory is used in order to determine the intentions (illocutions) of the writer in the texts, as well as the reactions (perlocutions) of readers to the text. The purpose of this is mainly to establish whether critique of ideology manifests itself in speech acts directed towards freedom and dignity for all people. On the other hand there may also be signs of unconscious ideological illocutions in the contradictions which occur within or between the different levels of communication (macro, meso and micro). These contradictions are related to socio-political contradictions which are repressed within the South African community. In order to illustrate this kind of approach, three novels of Etienne van Heerden are discussed, viz. Om te awol (1984), Toorberg (1986) and Casspirs en Campari's (1991).

scholarly journals Why the indifference of the universe is irrelevant to life’s meaning

Human Affairs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461
Author(s):  
Brooke Alan Trisel
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Universe

Abstract When pessimists claim that human life is meaningless, they often also assert that the universe is “blind to good and evil” and “indifferent to us”. How, if it all, is the indifference of the universe relevant to whether life is meaningful? To answer this question, and to know whether we should be concerned that the universe is indifferent, we need a clearer and deeper understanding of the concept of “cosmic indifference”, which I will seek to provide. I will argue that the lives of many individuals are meaningful and that human life, in general, is somewhat meaningful, despite the indifference of the universe. Furthermore, I will seek to demonstrate that even if the universe cared about us, or had preferences for how we live our lives, that this likely would not enhance the quality of our lives.

scholarly journals The Image of an Architect and Masonic Symbols in Works by Milorad Pavić

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoriana Huk
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Divine Proportion ◽  
Short Novel ◽  
Work Concept ◽  
Open Work ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Church

The paper analyzes works by the Serbian postmodernist writer Milorad Pavić. It attempts to prove that he possesses knowledge of royal art and uses masonic symbols in his writing related to geometry and architecture, including the radiant delta, compass, masonic gloves, and clepsydra. It is assumed that under the influence of these particular ideas, the writer creates the leading image of an architect and the motif of construction as freemasons believe in the Great Architect of the Universe. In the short novel Damascene, according to speculative masonry’s beliefs, the building of the church projects the building of a temple in a human soul. M. Pavić, as an architect, creates a structure of every novel, which he identifies with the golden section. This paper finds special symbols of the divine proportion in his prose, including snail’s shells, pyramids, and violins. A dynamic structure as an embodiment of the open work concept and a broad spectrum of themes provide artistic communication with a creative recipient. A reader has an opportunity to choose their own style of reading and solving textual puzzles because Pavić’s prose represents a wide variety of themes, symbols, images, and allusions that embody the secrets of Freemasonry, allowing for various interpretations.

scholarly journals Georgian Military Road: Constant Communication (the Structure of “A Hero of Our Time” by M. Yu. Lermontov)

Literatūra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Maria Dmitrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The Road ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Universe

The article demonstrates the fact that the duality of human consciousness is connected by mutual projections with the topography of the Georgian Military Road and the model of the universe and also forms the system of narrators / characters and the structure of the novel as a whole, including the number of stories and the partition of the novel into two parts. The sources used by the writer in the formation of the narrative structure of the novel are reconstructed. The numerological code of the novel is considered, the language bases of the conceptual system are analyzed. The embeddedness in the conceptual system of the trinomial name of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov is demonstrated. The vertical and horizontal spatial orientation of the Georgian Military Road allows discovering the topographic connection of the road with the dual reality of Lermontov, in which the opposite poles of good and evil, divine and evil turn into one.

scholarly journals Poetics of descriptions in the novel “A Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov in Literature classes

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
E.N. Kolokoltsev
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Object Image ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Aesthetic Development ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Figure Of Speech

The purpose of the study is to actualize the role of descriptions in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time” as an important constructive element of the narrative. The most common form of description in the novel is the descriptions of nature and descriptions of the characters’ portraits. The descriptions found a lively response in literature studies, literary criticism, in art criticism, which responded to the paintings of the poet-and-artist and illustrations for the novel. Naturally, it attracted the author’s attention to the study of the works of those scholars, who viewed the features of Lermontov’s narrative manner. In the stories that made up Lermontov’s novel, descriptions play an important compositional role: they accompany the narrative, the thoughts of the characters, and they are often motivated by the author. The article highlights a number of techniques that will allow students to specify ideas about the descriptions in the novel. The students’ comprehension of landscape descriptions can be supported by drawing up a plan that will reflect the spatial and time-line structure of the story “Bela”, which represents both “travel notes” and the novelette. The use of reproductions of Lermontov’s Caucasian landscapes, similar in the object image to its verbal descriptions in the novel, serves as a visible emotional aid in the nature descriptions comprehension by schoolchildren. Turning to Pechorin’s psychological portrait caused such ways of discovery of his portrait features as drawing up a stylistic map that assists students to focus on linguistic means that the narrator uses to relate the hero image with his potential ingrain. The image and words are closely intertwined in the art print that performs the function of figure of speech and gives a spatial image to the piece of writing. The illustration serves as a means of specifying the students’ perceptions of the characters’ portraits, descriptions of nature and the related plot situations. Ways to comprehend a literary text with the wide involvement of works of art assist students to learn about the peculiarities of Lermontov’s narrative manner and facilitate their aesthetic development.

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