scholarly journals Universal Epidemiology of Insidious Meningococcal Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Gjovalin Valsa ◽  
Enkelejda Shkurti
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Neisseria meningitidis is one of the principal sources of bacterial meningitis worldwide and can as well cause sepsis, pneumonia, and further expressions. In states with elevated widespread rates, the illness load puts a huge tension on the public health structure. The universal epidemiology of persistent meningococcal disease (IMD) diverges distinctly by area and in due course. This appraisal summarizes the burden of IMD in diverse states and recognizes the highest-incidence countries where habitual preventive programs aligned with Neisseria meningitidis would be essentially profitable in offering security. Accessible epidemiological figures from the past 20 years in World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control assortments and available articles are comprised in this review, in addition to straight statements with important specialists in the area. The nations were clustered into high-, moderate-, and low-occurrence states. The mainstream of countries in the elevated-occurrence set are located in the African meningitis belt; several reasonable-occurrence states are located in the European and African areas, and Australia, whereas low-occurrence countries comprise numerous from Europe and the Americas. Precedence nations for vaccine involvement are high- and restrained-incidence nations where vaccine-avoidable serogroups prevail. Epidemiological records on burden of IMD are required in nations where this is not distinguished, predominantly in South- East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean areas, so evidence-based assessments concerning the application of meningococcal vaccines can be created.

scholarly journals Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W Meningitis Epidemic in Togo, 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S216-S224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Mounkoro ◽  
Christelle S Nikiema ◽  
Issaka Maman ◽  
Souleymane Sakandé ◽  
Catherine H Bozio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Abstract Background During 2014, 4 regions in Togo within the African meningitis belt implemented vaccination campaigns with meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV). From January to July 2016, Togo experienced its first major Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W (NmW) outbreak. We describe the epidemiology, response, and management of the outbreak. Methods Suspected, probable, and confirmed cases were identified using World Health Organization case definitions. Through case-based surveillance, epidemiologic and laboratory data were collected for each case. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, culture, or latex agglutination. Vaccination campaigns were conducted in affected districts. Results From January 11 to July 5, 2016, 1995 suspected meningitis cases were reported, with 128 deaths. Among them, 479 (24.0%) were confirmed by laboratory testing, and 94 (4.7%) and 1422 (71.3%) remained as probable and suspected cases, respectively. Seven epidemic districts had cumulative attack rates greater than 100 per 100 000 population. Of the confirmed cases, 91.5% were NmW; 39 of 40 available NmW isolates were sequence type-11/clonal complex-11. Conclusions This outbreak demonstrates that, although high coverage with MACV has reduced serogroup A outbreaks, large meningococcal meningitis outbreaks due to other serogroups may continue to occur; effective multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines could improve meningococcal disease prevention within meningitis belt populations.

scholarly journals Dengue and Recent Mosquito-borne Viral Fever Outbreak in Bangladesh: Concern, Causes and Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Division ◽  
Great Public Health

Bangladesh is struggling with dreadful outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases for the past few years. Disease Control Division of Directorate General (DG) of Health Service considered the capital of Bangladesh as the breeding ground for mosquitos. Recent incidence of Dengue and Chikungunya outbreaks have surpassed all past records of outbreak. Thus, the country is witnessing an elevated rate of viral fever incidence alarmingly. Though symptoms of mosquito-borne viral infection are very typical, the recent incidence of fatalities is growing great public health concern. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends practical control measures to minimize the breeding within the community of Bangladesh. The actions of Kolkata City Corporation to control Dengue are also suggestive for Bangladesh. There is no medication to treat Dengue, and Chikungunya infection, but initial recognition and apposite medical care can reduce the death threat.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
OJ Daniel ◽  
JO Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

In late December 2019, there was an outbreak of a new Coronavirus infection in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, which caused acute respiratory syndrome of unknown aetiology. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) or COVID-19 and declared the infection a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. The first case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was reported on the 27th of February 2020 and since then the numbers of confirmed cases has been on the increase, at least in Nigeria. With no vaccine or cure in sight, only public health measures that include personal protective measures, physical distancing, environmental and travel-related measures have been recommended to mitigate and contain the spread of the disease. There is need to make testing for COVID-19 widely available so that the true burden of the infection will be described. This step should assist policy makers in making evidence-based decisions in the prevention and control of the disease.

scholarly journals Mental health and the World Health Organization: translating strategy into practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
David Skuse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
World Health ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Influential Individuals

We asked the programme managers for mental health at the World Health Organization's Regional Offices for Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and South-East Asia to provide an account of developments in the provision of mental health services within their regions.We are very fortunate that these busy and influential individuals were able to set aside the time to prepare articles that shed a fascinating light on strategic thinking within the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Antimalarial drug resistance in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Abdel Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antimalarial Drug Resistance ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Studies done between 1997 and 2003 are reviewed to give an overall picture of antimalarial drug resistance in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization [WHO]. The situation in 8 countries where resistance has been reported is detailed. It has been difficult to abandon chloroquine as first-line treatment even though resistance to it is widespread. Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has also been detected. The spread of resistance could be slowed down by the adoption of effective national policies and control programmes. Coordination between counties and with other WHO regions, as opposed to working in isolation, could further reduce the spread of resistance.

scholarly journals Fifty years of veterinary public health activities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-807
Author(s):  
A. E. Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Health Organization

This paper reviews the activities in veterinary public health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region over the past 50 years. It outlines the training and research carried out in the Region, with reference to the High Institute of Public Health in Alexandria and the Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Centre in Athens. It gives an overview of the activities carried out by the World Health Organization for the control of the different zoonoses prevalent in the Region and also looks at emerging and re-emerging zoonoses

scholarly journals DengueNet – WHO’s internet based system for the global surveillance of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
World Health ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Western Pacific

Globally, 2.5 billion people live in areas where dengue viruses are transmitted. The disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries in Africa, the Americas, the eastern Mediterranean, South East Asia, and the Western Pacific. South East Asia and the western Pacific are most seriously affected (1). It is estimated that 50 million dengue infections occur each year, with 500 000 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and at least 12 000 deaths, mainly among children. Only a small proportion of these cases are reported to the World Health Organization (WHO).

A Report of Five Child Tetanus Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Boyarchuk ◽  
Lubov Volyanska ◽  
Vira Synytska ◽  
Grygoriy Korytsky ◽  
Emilia Burbela
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Infected Wound ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Based Medicine

AbstractWe present five cases of generalized tetanus in children 5 to 13 years old, who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Ternopil Regional Children's Hospital (Western Ukraine) during the past 6 years (2012–2017). In our study, four children were unvaccinated and one received the full series of vaccinations. Proper vaccination in cases of infected wound may not prevent the development of the disease but improves the prognosis for recovery. Treatment of tetanus in Ukraine requires standardization of treatment protocols according to the World Health Organization recommendations, including making human tetanus immune globulin available, as specified by evidence-based medicine. Vaccines availability and education of physicians and parents about the benefits of immunization should be priority national health measures to prevent tetanus.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Diabetes Self-management Education Against Diet Behavior in Patients Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Suardi Suardi ◽  
Amran Razak ◽  
Ridwan Amiruddin ◽  
Hasanuddin Ishak ◽  
Ummu Salmah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Online Journal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that describes a problem with insulin deficiency and the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. The World Health Organization predicts that the number of people with DM type II in Indonesia will increase to 12 million by 2030. AIM: This study looks at Journals on diabetes selfmanagement education (DSME) on DM patients in improving dietary behavior. METHODS: This study uses an online journal database that provides free articles and journals in PDF such as: ProQuest, EBCSO, PubMed, Elsevier, Scinapse, MDPI, and Google Scholar. Literature was collected from the past 10 years, namely, 2010–2020 using the following set of keywords: “DSME,” “DSME Program Evaluation,” and “Diabetes Self-Care Education.” RESULTS: DSME intervention can improve the condition of DM patients if it is routinely carried out. In addition, the DSME intervention was able to control hemoglobin A1c levels and control blood sugar. This intervention still needs to be developed, considering that various forms of education in DM patients have been carried out such as using text messages, leaflets, illustrated pictures or leaflets, by telephone, video, handbooks, or direct education. These investigations can be developed into empirical research. CONCLUSIONS: The application of DSME interventions can help improve the conditions experienced by DM type II sufferers if it is routinely carried out.

scholarly journals Considerations for future novel human-infecting coronavirus outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Georges Sinclair ◽  
Philippa Johnstone ◽  
Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Up until, June 13, 2020, >7,500,000 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and >400,000 deaths, across 216 countries, have been confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO). With reference to the two previous beta-CoV outbreaks (SARS-CoV and middle east respiratory syndrome [MERS]), this paper examines the pathophysiological and clinical similarities seen across all three CoVs, with a special interest in the neuroinvasive capability and subsequent consequences for patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors. More widely, we examine the lessons learned from the management of such large-scale crises in the past, specifically looking at the South Korean experience of MERS and the subsequent shift in disaster management response to SARS-CoV-2, based on prior knowledge gained. We assess the strategies with which infection prevention and control can, or perhaps should, be implemented to best contain the spread of such viruses in the event of a further likely outbreak in the future.

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