Maternal Nutrition Status and Human Milk Composition of DHA and AA Fatty Acids in Breastfeeding Honduran Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernandez-Santana A ◽  
◽  
Motiño SRM ◽  
Enríquez JP ◽  
Lanza-Aguilar SB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
International Study ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Reference Distribution ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Essential Components

Dietary habits and maternal nutrition status are the most important modifiable factors that will determine the concentration of certain essential components and nutrients in Breast Milk (BM).The objectives were to estimate the nutritional status of Breastfeeding (BF) women in rural Honduras, identifying the main food sources that contribute to the consumption of EFA and its content in BM. The Honduran study was part of an international study with a sample (n=25) with children between 26 and 64 days of age. The consumption of food sources of Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) was evaluated with a frequency questionnaire. BMcomposition was analyzed using the dry drop method with Guthrie cards. 56% of mothers provided exclusive BF, 27% of mothers were overweightand 68% had excess body fat. The average monthly consumptionof marine foods was 1.44, 0.60 and 0.68 servings of fish, sardines and tuna, respectively. The average consumption of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Arachidonic Acid (AA) was 0.05 g / day. The content of DHA, EPA and AA fatty acids in BM was 0.14, 0.01 and 0.4% respectively. The amount of DHA and AA in the BF women is well below the median values of a global reference distribution.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2467
Author(s):  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Rosaura Leis ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Total Fat

We aimed to determine the usual intake of total fat, fatty acids (FAs), and their main food sources in a representative cohort of the Spanish pediatric population aged 1 to <10 years (n = 707) who consumed all types of milk and an age-matched cohort who consumed adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing-up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) (n = 741) who were participants in the EsNuPI study (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population). Dietary intake, measured through two 24 h dietary recalls, was compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) recommendations. Both cohorts showed a high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), according to FAO recommendations, as there are no numerical recommendations for SFAs at EFSA. Also, low intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs; linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were observed according to EFSA and FAO recommendations. The three main sources of total fat and different FAs were milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and meat and meat products. The consumption of adapted milk was one of the main factors associated with better adherence to the nutritional recommendations of total fat, SFAs, EFAs, PUFAs; and resulted as the main factor associated with better adherence to n-3 fatty acids intake recommendations. Knowledge of the dietary intake and food sources of total fat and FAs in children could help in designing and promoting effective and practical age-targeted guidelines to promote the consumption of EFA- and n-3 PUFA-rich foods in this stage of life.

scholarly journals Health Food Supplements (“Health Food”) Highly Nutritious From Chlorella And Oil Catfish (Pangasius hypopthalmus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Syahrul Syahrul ◽  
Dewita Dewita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food Ingredient

The utilization of microalgae as a food ingredient considered effective, because in addition to alternative<br />food sources also contains nutrients chlorella microalgae in particular is very good for health. This microalgae<br />rich in protein (60.5%), fat (11%), carbohydrates (20.1%), water, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals Besides<br />these microalgae contain pigments (chlorophyll), tocopherol and the active component (antimicrobial and<br />antioxidants). This is what underlies microalgae is very useful to be used as a source of raw materials of<br />health food supplements. Currently the health food supplements have become a necessity for people to<br />maintain their health in order to remain vibrant. This study aims to produce high nutritious health food<br />supplements from raw material chlorella enriched with fish protein concentrate and oil catfish. The method<br />used in the manufacture of high nutritious health food supplement is a method of microencapsulation with<br />different formulations. The results showed that the best formulations based on the profile of amino acids,<br />fatty acids and standards AAE per day especially essential fatty acids oleic and linoleic is formulation B<br />(chlorella 2%, 1% fish oil and fish protein concentrate 1%.<br />

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Matteo Di Maso ◽  
Simone R. B. M. Eussen ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Guglielmo Salvatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis

(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.

scholarly journals Dietary preferences of brachyuran crabs from Taiwan for marine or terrestrial food sources: evidence based on fatty acid trophic markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Stumpp ◽  
Reinhard Saborowski ◽  
Simon Jungblut ◽  
Hung-Chang Liu ◽  
Wilhelm Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Trophic Preferences ◽  
Land Crabs ◽  
Trophic Markers

Abstract Background Trophic interactions are key processes, which determine the ecological function and performance of organisms. Many decapod crustaceans feed on plant material as a source for essential nutrients, e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids. Strictly herbivorous feeding appears only occasionally in marine decapods but is common in land crabs. To verify food preferences and to establish trophic markers, we studied the lipid and fatty acid composition of the midgut glands of two marine crab species (Grapsus albolineatus and Percnon affine), one semi-terrestrial species (Orisarma intermedium, formerly Sesarmops intermedius), and one terrestrial species (Geothelphusa albogilva) from Taiwan. Results All species showed a wide span of total lipid levels ranging from 4 to 42% of the dry mass (%DM) in the marine P. affine and from 3 to 25%DM in the terrestrial G. albogilva. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were the major storage lipid compound. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 20:4(n-6) prevailed in all species. Essential fatty acids such as 20:4(n-6) originated from the diet. Terrestrial species also showed relatively high amounts of 18:2(n-6), which is a trophic marker for vascular plants. The fatty acid compositions of the four species allow to clearly distinguish between marine and terrestrial herbivorous feeding due to significantly different amounts of 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 18:2(n-6). Conclusions Based on the fatty acid composition, marine/terrestrial herbivory indices were defined and compared with regard to their resolution and differentiating capacity. These indices can help to reveal trophic preferences of unexplored species, particularly in habitats of border regions like mangrove intertidal flats and estuaries.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of the Italian PHIME Infant Cohort: How We Are Getting Diet Wrong from as Early as Infancy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4430
Author(s):  
Federica Concina ◽  
Paola Pani ◽  
Claudia Carletti ◽  
Giulia Bravo ◽  
Alessandra Knowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Dietary Records

Unhealthy dietary habits established in early infancy may lead to under or over nutrition later in life. This paper describes the energy, nutrients and food-type intake of 18-month-old infants belonging to the Italian PHIME cohort (n = 389) and evaluates adherence to the Italian dietary reference values (DRVs). Infant dietary data were collected using 7-day dietary records. Mean energy, macro and micronutrient intakes were estimated and compared with the DRVs. The percentage contribution of 19 selected food groups to total energy and macro- and micronutrient intake was determined with the aim of establishing the main food sources. Most infants’ diet shared common characteristics: poor variety, excessive intake of proteins (16.5 E% vs. 8–12 E% DRV) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (13.8 E% vs. <10 E% DRV), mainly derived from milk and dairy products, and low intake of total fats (33.2 E% vs. 35–40 E% DRV), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (3.1 E% vs. 5–10 E% DRV), vitamin D (1.1 vs. 15 µg/day DRV) and iron (4.5 vs. 8 mg/day DRV). The unbalanced distribution of macronutrients was reflected in energy intakes outside DRV ranges for more than half the infants. Public health interventions promoting healthy eating habits from early on, even from pregnancy, could yield significant short- and long-term health benefits.

scholarly journals Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the developing brain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madore ◽  
Q. Leyrolle ◽  
L. Morel ◽  
J.C. Delpech ◽  
A.D. Greenhalgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Microglial Phagocytosis

SUMMARYOmega-3 fatty acids (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-3 PUFAs) are essential for the functional maturation of the brain. Westernization of dietary habits in both developed and developing countries is accompanied by a progressive reduction in dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs. Low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to neurodevelopmental diseases in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms by which a n-3 PUFA dietary imbalance affects CNS development are poorly understood. Active microglial engulfment of synaptic elements is an important process for normal brain development and altered synapse refinement is a hallmark of several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we identify a molecular mechanism for detrimental effects of low maternal n-3 PUFA intake on hippocampal development. Our results show that maternal dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency increases microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the developing hippocampus, through the activation of 12/15- lipoxygenase (LOX)/12-HETE signaling, which alters neuronal morphology and affects cognition in the postnatal offspring. While women of child bearing age are at higher risk of dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency, these findings provide new insights into the mechanisms linking maternal nutrition to neurodevelopmental disorders.One Sentence SummaryLow maternal omega-3 fatty acids intake impairs microglia-mediated synaptic refinement via 12-HETE pathway in the developing brain.

scholarly journals Health Food Supplements (Health Food) Highly Nutritious From Chlorella And Oil Catfish (Pangasius hypopthalmus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Syahrul Syahrul ◽  
Dewita Dewita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food Ingredient

<p>Abstract<br />The utilization of microalgae as a food ingredient considered effective, because in addition to alternative food sources also contains nutrients chlorella microalgae in particular is very good for health. This microalgae rich in protein (60.5%), fat (11%), carbohydrates (20.1%), water, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals Besides these microalgae contain pigments (chlorophyll), tocopherol and the active component (antimicrobial and antioxidants). This is what underlies microalgae is very useful to be used as a source of raw materials of health food supplements. Currently the health food supplements have become a necessity for people to maintain their health in order to remain vibrant. This study aims to produce high nutritious health food supplements from raw material chlorella enriched with fish protein concentrate and oil catfish. The method used in the manufacture of high nutritious health food supplement is a method of microencapsulation with different formulations. The results showed that the best formulations based on the profile of amino acids, fatty acids and standards AAE per day especially essential fatty acids oleic and linoleic is formulation B (chlorella 2%, 1% fish oil and fish protein concentrate 1%.</p>

scholarly journals Modulation of ACTH-induced cortisol release by polyunsaturated fatty acids in interrenal cells from gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ganga ◽  
L Tort ◽  
L Acerete ◽  
D Montero ◽  
M S Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Interrenal Cells ◽  
Cortisol Release

Highly unsaturated fatty acids are essential components of cellular membranes of vertebrates and can modulate physiological processes, including membrane transport, receptor function and enzymatic activities. In gilthead sea bream, dietary deficiencies of essential fatty acids of marine fish raise the basal cortisol levels and alter the pattern of cortisol release after stress. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of different essential fatty acids on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced cortisol production and release in fish, through in vitro studies of sea bream interrenal cells maintained in superfusion and incubated with different types of fatty acids and eicosanoid production inhibitors. Results showed the first evidence of the effect of certain fatty acids on cortisol production by ACTH-stimulated interrenal cells in fish. Both arachidonic acid (ARA) and particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) promoted cortisol production in sea bream interrenal cells. Moreover, incubation with indometacin (INDO) reduced the increased cortisol production induced by EPA and ARA, suggesting mediation by their cyclooxygenase-derived products. Docosahexaenoic acid stimulated cortisol production to a lesser extent than that caused by EPA or ARA, but the inhibitory effect of INDO was not as marked as it was for the other fatty acids. In contrast, supplementation with dihomogammalinoleic acid reduced cortisol production, denoting the inhibitor effect of this fatty acid in cortisol secretion.

Supplementation of ewe diets with algal biomass rich in Docosahexaenoic acid for different time periods before lambing affects measures of lamb viability

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 89-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Pickard ◽  
A. P. Beard ◽  
C. J. Seal ◽  
S. A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Time Periods

The improvement of neonatal viability by maternal nutrition during gestation has been widely studied in numerous species. Recent investigations have explored the role of long chain omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) in maternal diets during pregnancy. These are the major fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in particular, in brain and nervous tissue, with specific roles in neural development and cognitive function. Studies in monogastric species have shown that supplementing maternal gestation diets with EFAs positively influences neonatal survival and growth (Rooke et al., 2001), but work in ruminant species is scarce. Previous investigations have predominantly used fish oil as the source of omega-3 EFAs but alternative, more sustainable, sources are desirable. To date, the effect of period of inclusion of EFAs in gestation diets has not been thoroughly explored. The period of rapid brain growth in the ovine foetus occurs between 10 and 6 weeks prior to birth (Turley et al., 1996). This study explored the effects of feeding an algal source of EFAs, with a high content of DHA, during different time periods on measures of lamb viability.

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